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| 1 | At present linguistics is connected very closely to cultural studies. A language is explored in connection with the history and culture of the people who speak the language. To study a language means not only just study a language but also to understand another people, nation and humankind as a whole. The article concerns the concept of “stone” in the Chinese linguaculture. The research is made with the data of linguistic experiment conducted in the city of Shenyang, PRC among native Chinese speakers. The respondents were found among teachers and students of Shenyang Polytechnic University, aged from 18 to 60 years old. The questions studied by the experiment concern with Chinese linguaculture, the image of stone and some set expressions of Chinese language which contain “stone”. The results of the experiment are depicted in the article. Keywords: linguaculture, Chinese linguaculture, stone’s image, set expression | 1244 | ||||
| 2 | Introduction. The article describes the aspects of the metaphorical interpretation of the concept stone, presented in Russian linguistic culture and the system of figurative means of the Russian language. The relevance of the research is due to the scientific interest in the study of the metaphorical functioning of concepts and their figurative language representation in the perspective of the anthropocentric paradigm of linguistics. The aim of the work is to describe the metaphorization of various qualities and properties of a stone for the figurative description of objects of the surrounding reality and the inner world of a person, expressed in the semantics of language units and speech statements. Material and methods. The methodology of the work is based on cognitive, linguistic, cultural and system-structural approaches to the study of the figurative language and speech. The methods of structural-semantic, conceptual and contextual analysis, as well as field modeling and cultural linguistic commentary are used. Empirical material is represented by figurative words and expressions (about 200 units), as well as contexts that demonstrate their metaphorical functioning (about 850 contexts). The sources were the published explanatory and phraseological dictionaries of the modern Russian language and the text base of the National Corps of the Russian language. Results and discussion. As a result, the qualities and properties of the concept being studied were described, which served as the basis for metaphorical projections on figuratively named objects and situations; the lexical and phraseological field of the Russian language is characterized, represented by words and expressions, metaphorically motivated names with the semantics ‘stone’; cognitive models are revealed for which the Stone conceptual sphere is the initial one and serves as a source of the metaphorical characteristics of the phenomena of other conceptual target spheres. The concept of stone in its metaphorical functioning actualizes the following basic features: hardness, strength, heaviness, immobility, color. These qualities of a stone are metaphorically projected onto the properties of various material and non-material objects: objects (hard, lost softness), the human body (heavy, immovable), psychological states of a person (grief, anxiety, depression, torpor), moral qualities (indifference, willpower, responsiveness), mental and social activities (meaningful content, the beginning of activities). Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrate cognitively and axiologically significant fragment of the Russian language world view. The corpus research data testify active metaphoric functioning of the Stone concept in modern discursive practices. Keywords: cognitive metaphor, the concept of Stone, figurative vocabulary, phraseology, language picture of the world | 1160 | ||||
| 3 | Introduction. This article presents the results of a study on the functioning of the biblical symbolism of a stone in Russian linguistic culture expressed through figurative means of the Russian language. The relevance of the work is due to scientific interest in the study of the functioning of the figurative symbolism of a stone in biblical texts. The purpose of this work is to describe the specifics of the symbolization of the image of a stone in biblical texts expressed in the semantics of language units and figures of speech; to consider various aspects of the metaphorical interpretation of the image of a stone, based on the symbolism of the spiritual and religious traditions of the Christian culture. Material and methods. The research is carried out within the framework of cognitive and linguistic cultural approaches to the study of figurative means of language that metaphorically, symbolically, and allegorically express various phenomena of reality. The methods used are structural-semantic, conceptual and contextual analysis presented in the works on the cognitive theory of metaphor by G. Lakoff, M. Johnson, A. Baranov, Y. Karaulov, A. Chudinov, etc.), lexical and phraseological imagery (N. Alefirenko, N. Ilyukhina, G. Sklyarevskaya, E. Yurina, etc.), linguoculturology (M. Kovshova, V. Krasnykh, V. Telia, etc.). The source of the linguistic material is the text base of the National corpus of the Russian language. Results and discussion. This study analyzes the symbolic representation of a stone in biblical texts; describes the semantics of the allegorical character relevant in modern fiction and non-fiction, as well as the semantics and textual functioning of phraseological units that translate the symbolism of a stone. The original source of the described stable figurative expressions was the book of Holy Scripture of the old and New Testaments – the Bible. Conclusion. The results obtained demonstrate a cognitively and axiologically significant fragment of the Russian linguistic picture of the world. The data of the corpus research indicate the active functioning of the biblical symbolism of a stone in the modern Russian language. Keywords: biblical symbolism, symbol, stone, figurative means, Russian language, cultural linguistics | 1258 | ||||
| 4 | Introduction. The article is devoted to the methodological analysis of the complex of conditional speech exercises and their typology in textbooks on Russian as a foreign language for students who begin to study Russian at the elementary level. The paper deals with the problem of sufficiency / insufficiency of speech exercises for the formation of linguistic competence as an important component of intercultural communicative competence. As an object, a textbook on Russian as a foreign language is considered as the main component of the educational and methodological complex, which sets out the content of speech material and ways of mastering it through a system of exercises. The subject of this research is a methodological analysis of the typology of exercises as part of the complex in the “Family” section of textbooks on Russian as a foreign language (elementary level) “Let’s go!” (authors S. Chernyshov and A. Chernyshova), “Russian season” (authors M. M. Nakhibina, V. E. Antonova, V. E. Zhaboklitskaya, I. I. Kurlova, O. V. Smirnova, A. A. Tolstykh) and “Russian souvenir” (author I. Mozelova). Purpose of the study. To consider the complexes of conditional speech exercises in textbooks of Russian as a foreign language, their typology for the formation of linguistic competence in Russian among foreign students of preparatory faculties of Russian universities. Material and methods. Theoretical and comparative analysis of conditional speech exercises in the content of the “Family” section in textbooks on RFL, taking into account the communicative practice of teaching, made it possible to highlight the features of the types of exercises in each individual textbook. On the basis of a quantitative analysis, their ratio within the complex was determined. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, the types of conditional speech exercises, organized in complexes, are described. Their quantitative ratio is presented on the example of the content of the section on the topic “Family” in the textbooks of the elementary level: “Let’s go”, “Russian season”, “Russian souvenir”. Conclusion. This study is aimed at helping the teacher navigate the choice of a textbook for foreign students at the initial stage of study, depending on their needs and the goals of studying RFL. Keywords: Russian as a foreign language, linguistic competence, a set of conditional speech exercises, speech skills, typology of conditional speech exercises, textbook on RFL | 961 | ||||