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NOMINATIONS IN THE SPHERE OF SOCIAL DISEASES AS A RESULT OF LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL TRANSFER // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2019. Issue 5 (202). P. 45-52

Introduction. The aim of the article is to identify and describe the main characteristics and variants of the linguistic and cultural transfer of nominations of social diseases. Material and methods. The study material includes nominations related to the sphere of social diseases in the amount of 700 units selected by targeted sampling from bilingual and multilingual medical dictionaries, dictionaries of foreign words, scientific and popular scientific literature and texts of social advertising. For the semantic and etymological analysis of nominations that have undergone linguistic and cultural transfer, the study used the method of comparative typology, to determine the value of the nomination of socially significant diseases the study used the method of historical interpretation. Results and discussion. In this study, linguistic and cultural transfer is considered as transferring or borrowing units of one linguistic culture to another. The transfer may affect not only similar linguistic cultures that have historically conditioned connections, but also cultures belonging to completely different types, which is quite characteristic of the sphere of social diseases. At the same time, units of one linguistic culture undergo a process of not only borrowing, but also penetrating into the host culture, go through all the stages of adaptation in it. Thus, there are 3 main characteristics of the linguistic and cultural transfer of social diseases: the extensiveness of the process of the linguistic and cultural transfer reflecting the quantitative increase in the number of loanwords in the linguistic culture; the intensity of the process of linguistic and cultural transfer, in which there is a qualitative borrowing of units of another linguistic culture; the prevalence of linguistic and cultural transfer, when loanwords are transferred in several linguistic cultures. Conclusion. The main variants of the linguistic and cultural transfer are the transition of lexical units from everyday vocabulary into terminology, eponimization, polysemy and synonymy of nominations in the sphere of social diseases. In addition, the problem of the disorder of nominations in the field of social diseases in different linguistic cultures is quite acute, which can lead to disruptions in the exchange of information at the international level and difficulties in translation.

Keywords: linguistic and cultural transfer, nomination, social diseases, polysemy, eponymization, synonymy

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BILINGUAL PUNS // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2019. Issue 7 (204). P. 79-87

Introduction. The article describes three main models for constructing bilingual puns – multilingual formations in which wordplay is performed on multilingual material. We also present the results of a linguistic study of bilingual puns. The purpose of the study is to establish the role of an auxiliary verbal or iconic indicator of another language or an attribute of a “foreign” culture, as well as to define the language models that describe the most understandable bilingual puns for Russian respondents. Material and methods. The study was conducted on the material of 416 bilingual puns selected on the Internet using a targeted sampling method (9gag.com – 180, Reddit – 185, “Vkontakte” – 51) from 2016 to 2019. To interpret the meanings of interlanguage puns, the descriptive method and the method of semantic analysis were used. To assess the perception of bilingual puns, a linguistic experiment was conducted that included two stages: translation and interpretation of the meanings of foreign words in 20 bilingual puns. The experiment was attended by 200 students of linguistic specialties of the Kemerovo State University and the Novokuznetsk branch of the Kemerovo State University, Siberian Federal University and Altai State Pedagogical University. Results and discussion. An explicator within a bilingual pun contributes to its correct perception. The anticipatory model turned out to be the easiest for Russian respondents to understand, with English-based bilingual puns described by this model were correctly identified in 45.2 % of cases. Puns represented by the neological model are less obvious, especially in the absence of an explicator (25 %). Puns described by the implicit model are also perceived by respondents, but in significantly fewer cases (19 %). Among Russian-based bilingual puns, the most understandable are the bilingual puns represented by the anticipation model – 51.75 %, followed by puns that can be attributed to the neological and implicit models – 50.6 and 15 % respectively. Conclusion. An iconic or verbal explicator is important, but not critical, for understanding bilingual puns. However, when borrowed elements (complete words or their fragments) are not explicitly expressed in puns, an explicator is necessary for successful perception of the pun. The anticipatory and neological model describe the most understandable interlingual puns.

Keywords: bilingual pun, wordplay, Internet-memes, polylingualism

Code-Switching and Code-Mixing as Indicators of Modern Persian Bilingual Communication // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2024. Issue 4 (234). P. 33-40

The article explores the phenomenon of code-switching and code-mixing be-tween Persian (Afghanistan) and English. Code-switching refers to the phenomenon of switching between two or more languages within a single conversation, while code-mixing involves the blending of languages within a sentence or utterance. The study focuses on two specific communicative settings. One is informal spoken communication, the other is and literature. To conduct the research, the data was collected from a group chat involving 30 students studying English Language and Literature at Balk University’s Faculty of English in Afghanistan. The group was created to discuss academic and non-academic issues informally. The messages ex-changed in this group chat serve as a case study for analyzing informal conversational communication. Additionally, the novels of Khaled Hosseini, an American author of Afghan origin who is fluent in both Persian (Afghanistan) and English, were chosen as examples of literature. Khaled Hosseini has gained international recognition for his writings. His works often explore themes of identity, family, love, loss, and the impact of political turmoil on individuals and society. The paper be-longs to the specialty 5.9.8. Theoretical, applied and comparative linguistics (philo-logical sciences). The main objective of the research is to identify the reasons and purposes behind code-switching and code-mixing in different communicative set-tings. By examining the patterns and contexts in which these language practices oc-cur, the study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the motivations behind them. Overall, this research seeks to shed light on the phenomenon of code-switching and code-mixing between Persian (Afghanistan) and English by analyzing both informal spoken communication and literature, to unravel the reasons and purposes behind these language practices.

Keywords: code-switching; code-mixing; multilingual communication; Persian linguaculture; communicative setting; bilingual environment