RYNOK (MARKET) AND BAZAR (BAZAAR): THE DYNAMICS OF LEXICON FRAGMENT
DOI: 10.23951/1609-624X-2020-3-104-113
Introduction. The words rynok (market) and bazar (bazaar) have become a kind of indicators of social, economic and political changes, which had a great impact on language personality of the Russian native speaker. The aim of the article is to research into the dynamics of thesaurus fragment, which is verbalized with words rynok (market) and bazar (bazaar). The analysis is based on lexicographical and corpus data. Methods and material. The main material used for analysis is: data taken from explanatory dictionaries published from XVIII to XXI century, associative fields mined from associative dictionaries, and text fragments extracted with the help of The Russian National Corpus. These materials make juxtaposition analysis of lexical semantics dynamic processes possible. Results and discussion. Juxtaposition of explanatory dictionaries materials as well as “Russian Associative Dictionary” shows that ‘the mirror of associative dictionary’ is indispensable for studying particular fragments of reality. Interconnection between associative fields and systemic lexical semantics fields is obvious. The study directed from system to text shows the gradual changes in semantics structure of two synonyms. The research traces the establishment of their axiological specialization. The word rynok (market) develops a new meaning over time – “sphere of commodity exchange”, which is further reflected in the expansion of its lexical compatibility. Since the semantic component “noise” actualizes, the figurative meaning of word bazar (bazaar) emerges – “loud conversation”. Bazar (bazaar) in the native speaker’s mind is a space where one can be easily deceived. Rynok (market) on the value scale of everyday consciousness is also associated with theft, high cost and chaos, which is largely due to the influence of socio-economic factors on the language consciousness. Semantic differences between two synonyms and contamination of different meanings become the basis for creating language game. Conclusion. The meaning of words rynok (market) and bazar (bazaar) verbalize the crucial for person’s life fragment of reality. Throughout the long history of functioning, their semantics underwent significant transformation that can be revealed at various levels: structure of the meanings fixed by lexicography, associative and verbal level of language personality. The observations show that in the semantics structure of word rynok (market) the new meaning (‘system of exchange relations’) tends to prevail over the traditional one (‘place for trade’). Lexical unit bazar (bazaar) contains connotations in all meanings.
Keywords: lexicography, lexical semantics, associative field, connotations, synonymy
References:
1. Shmeleva T. V. Krizis kak klyuchevoye slovo tekushchego momenta [Crisis as a Keyword of the Current Moment]. Politicheskaya lingvistika – Political Linguistics, 2009, no. 2 (28). pp. 63–67 (in Russian).
2. Ratmayr R. Russkaya rech’ i rynok: Traditsii i innovatsii v delovom i povsednevnom obshchenii [Russian Speech: Traditions and Innovations in Business Communication]. Moscow, Yazyki slavyanskoy kul’tury Publ., 2013. 456 p. (in Russian).
3. Kozyrev V. A., Chernyak V. D. Leksikografiya russkogo yazyka: vek nyneshniy i vek minuvshiy [Lexicography of the Russian Language: the Present Century and the Past Century]. Saint Petersburg, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia Publ., 2015. 631 p. (in Russian).
4. Martinovich G. A. Tekst i eksperiment: issledovaniye kommunikativno-tematicheskogo polya v russkom yazyke [Text and Experiment: Study of Communicative and Theme Field in the Russian Language]. Saint Petersburg, SPbGUP Publ., 2008. 256 p. (in Russian).
5. Chernykh P. Ya. Istoriko-etimologicheskiy slovar’ sovremennogo russkogo yazyka: v 2 t. [Historical and Etymological Dictionary of the Modern Russian Language: 2 volumes]. Moscow, Rus. yaz. Publ., 1999 (in Russian).
6. Slovar’ Akademii Rossiyskoy: 1789–1794: v 6 t. [The Dictionary of the Russian Academy: 1789–1794: 6 vol.]. Moscow, Mosk. gumanit. in-t im. E. R. Dashkovoy Publ., 2001–2006. Vol. 1–6 (in Russian).
7. Slovar’ tserkovno-slavyanskogo i russkogo yazyka, sostavlennyy Vtorym Otdeleniyem Imperatorskoy Akademii nauk. T. 1–4 [The Dictionary of the Church Slavonic and Russian Language Composed by the 2nd Department of the Emperor’s Academy of Sciences. Vol. 1–4]. Saint Petersburg, Tip. Imperat. Akad. Nauk Publ., 1847 (in Russian).
8. Dal’ V. I. Tolkovyy slovar’ zhivogo velikorusskogo yazyka: V 4 t. Repr. vosproizv. izd. 1912–1914 [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Alive Great Russian language: 4 vol., edition 1912–1914]. Moscow, Tsitadel’ Publ., 1998. (in Russian).
9. Tolkovyy slovar’ russkogo yazyka: v 4 t. Sost. V. V. Vinogradov, G. O. Vinokur, B. A. Larin, S. I. Ozhegov, B. V. Tomashevskiy, D. N. Ushakov; pod red. D. N. Ushakova. Vospr. izd. 1935–1940 gg. [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language: 4 vol. Сompiled by V.V. Vinogradov [2–4 vols.], G. O. Vinokur, B. A. Larin, S. I. Ozhegov, B. V. Tomashevsky, D. N. Ushakov; under the editorship of D. N. Ushakova;]. Moscow, Russkiye slovari Publ., 1994. T. 1–4 (in Russian).
10. Ozhegov S. I. Slovar’ russkogo yazyka. 9-e izd., ispr. i dop. (okolo 57 000 slov) [The Dictionary of the Russian Language. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Institute of the Russian Language. Ed. 9, rev. and suppl. (about 57,000 words)]. 1972. 846 p. (in Russian).
11. Ozhegov S. I., Shvedova N. Yu. Tolkovyy slovar’ russkogo yazyka: 72 500 slov i 7 500 frazeologicheskikh vyrazheniy. Ros. akad. nauk, In-t rus. yaz., Ros. fond kul’tury [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language: 72 500 Words and 7500 Idioms. Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of the Russian Language, Russian Culture Foundation]. Moscow, Az” Publ., 1992. 955 p. (in Russian).
12. Gorbachevich K. S. (Editor-in-chief), Gerd A. S., Balakhonova L. I. (ed.), Kruglikova L. E., Solov’ev N. V., Pankov D. I. Bol’shoy akademicheskiy slovar’ russkogo yazyka [The Big Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language. Russian Academy of Sciences]. Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Nauka Publ., 2005–2014 (in Russian).
13. Chernyak V. D. BAS: istoriya slova – istoriya leksikografii, istoriya strany [BAD: History of the Word – History of Lexicography, History of Country]. Slovo. Slovar’. Slovesnost’: Dinamicheskiye protsessy v yazyke, rechi i slovare (k 50-letiyu izdaniya akademicheskogo “Slovarya sovremennogo russkogo literaturnogo yazyka“): materialy Vseros. nauch. konf. Sankt-Peterburg, RGPU im A. I. Gertsena, 11–12 noyabrya 2015 g. [Word. Dictionary. Philology: Dynamic Processes in Language, Speech, and Culture (to 50th Anniversary of Academic Edition of “The Dictionary of the Modern Russian Language”): materials of the Russian National Scientific Conference, St. Petersburg, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, November 11–12, 2015]. Saint Petersburg, 2016. Pp. 5–10 (in Russian).
14. Leont’ev A. A., Klimenko A. P., Suprun A. E. (compl.), Leontiev A. A. (ed.) Slovar’ assotsiativnykh norm russkogo yazyka [The Dictionary of Associative Standards of the Russian Language]. Moscow, Moscow State University Publ., 1977. 192 p. (in Russian).
15. Karaulov Yu. N., Sorokin Yu. A., Tarasov E. F., Ufimtseva N. V., Cherkasova G. A. Russkiy assotsiativnyy slovar’: v 6 kn. [The Russian Associative Dictionary: 6 volumes]. 1994–1998 (in Russian).
16. Dyatlov V. I. Postsovetskiye rynki pod otkrytym nebom: novyy fenomen ili prodolzheniye traditsii? [Post-Soviet Open Air Markets: the New Phenomenon or the Continuation of Traditions?]. Sibirskiye istoricheskiye issledovaniya – Siberian Historian Research, 2017, no. 1, pp. 99–118 (in Russian).
17. Butseva T. N., Levashov E. A., Denisenko Yu. F. (сompilers), Butseva T. N. (Executive editor). Novye slova i znacheniya. Slovar’-spravochnik po materialam pressy i literatury 90-kh godov XX veka: v 2 t. [The New Words and Meanings. Reference Dictionary Based on Materials of Press and Literature of the 90s of the XX century. Institute of Linguistic Studies, RAS]. Saint Petersburg, DMITRIY BULANIN Publ., 2009 (in Russian).
18. Norman B. Yu. Ot semy cherez dominantnyy priznak – k prototipu [From Seme Through Dominant Feature to Prototype]. In: Novaya Rossiya: traditsii i innovatsii v yazyke i nauke o yazyke: materialy dokl. i soobshch. mezhdunar. nauch. konf. [New Russia: Traditions and Innovations in Language and Language Science: material of reports and messages of the international scientific conference]. Moscow, Ekaterinburg, Kabinetnyy uchenyy Publ., 2016. Pp. 167–178 (in Russian).
19. NKRYa – Natsional’nyy korpus russkogo yazyka [The Russian National Corpus] (in Russian). URL: http://www.ruscorpora.ru/new/ (accessed 3 January 2020).
20. Il’ina O. S., Chernyak V. D. Printsip polya v issledovanii fragmenta deystvitel’nosti [The Field Principle in the Study of Reality Fragment]. In: Problemy interpretatsionnoy lingvistiki: pole kak ob”ekt i instrument issledovaniya [Problems of Interpretative Linguistics: The Field as an Object and an Instrument of Research]. Novosibirsk, 2011. Pp. 16–27 (in Russian).
( 431.28 kB ) 
( 424.4 kB )
Issue: 3, 2020
Series of issue: Issue 3
Rubric: TOPICAL ISSUES OF RUSSIAN PHILOLOGY AND COMMUNICATIVE STYLE OF TEXT
Pages: 104 — 113
Downloads: 805