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1701 | The article presents general theoretic aspects of situation approach to development of professional competences in innovation activity of future teachers of Physics. The author suggests constructing the development processes of professional competences in innovation activity of future Physics teacher on the basis of situation methodological problem. Keywords: situation approach, professional competency, innovation activity, situation methodological problem | 1279 | |||||
1702 | The article reflects preliminary results of studies of the particularities of the psychological reaction on situation of involuntary unemployment. It reveals gender differences between unemployed and working in the structure of psychological defenses and in choice of coping-behaviours strategies. Keywords: unemployed, gender, coping behaviour, psychological defense | 1279 | |||||
1703 | In this article the results of the scientific research of perlocutionary verbs in the modern German language are described, the working definition of perlocution is defined and their speech act potential is revealed. Keywords: linguistic pragmatics, speech act, perlocution, perlocutionary verb, perfomative | 1279 | |||||
1704 | This paper presents the analysis of the metaphorical models of the concept of fact from the perspective of Cognitive Linguistics. More specifically, we attempt to show how Lakoff’s theory of conceptual metaphor can help us refine an unclear deem nature of the concept of fact in Modern English, which can accrue from the frequent occurrence of conventionalized metaphorical expressions about fact in everyday language. Thus, metaphor is understood as a partial mapping between conceptual domains of experience, a source domain and a target domain. In this way, we intend to make this interesting construct more useful and cognitively plausible instrument for our linguistic analysis. Keywords: fact, concept, metaphor, metaphorical model, conceptualization, abstract phenomenon, thing. | 1279 | |||||
1705 | The problem of loneliness as the social-psychological phenomenon connected to the personal features of youth development is considered in this article. Keywords: of loneliness, social-psychological phenomenon, refl ection, individual, personal, tolerate, young people, identify. | 1279 | |||||
1706 | A comparison of psychodiagnostic indicators of tests, which characterize the psychological status of the individual adolescents exposed (group 1) and not exposed (group 2) domestic violence. It is shown that the violations that occur as a result of suffering a violent affect the emotional and volitional, and protective coping behaviour, which causes pronounced psycho-emotional disorders, inadequate coping strategies, behavioural and psychological mechanisms for coping. Keywords: cruel treatment in a family, teenagers, fear, coping | 1279 | |||||
1707 | The article is devoted to the analysis of a secular (public and domestic) and religious knowledge in the process of socialization of children of medieval Russia. Special attention is paid to family-based care and education, as the centuries-old way of combining religious and secular aspects of knowledge. Parallels between modern attempts of introduction of religious knowledge in secular school and their historical forms of existence are drawn. Keywords: socialization, religious education, family education, school education | 1279 | |||||
1708 | This article deals with the problem of natural monopolies on the example of the Russian gas industry. The first part of this paper is devoted to the study of the theoretical foundations of the phenomenon of commercial concession. In the second part of the paper the author analyzed the ways of introduction of the practice of franchising in Russia’s gas industry with its legal and economic features. Keywords: Franchising, commercial concession, natural monopoly, partial privatization, direct regulation of the industry | 1279 | |||||
1709 | The article deals with the basic motifs of Caucasus, the author reveals such valuable ideas of the Caucasus as space of freedom (A. S. Pushkin’s, M. Yu. Lermontov’s, L. N. Tolstoy’s “Prisoner of the Caucasus“), the place of ideal community Leo Tolstoy’s “The Cossacks”, containing utopian ideas about the social structure of the Cossacks, Lermontov's poem “The Novice” (“Mtsyri”) about the “ideal motherland”. In 1844–1853 уears in Tiflis was widely visited by Russian writers who sought to create a new branch of Russian literature – “Caucasian literature”. V. Sollogub and Ya. Polonsky actively tried to turn this utopia into reality. The Russian and Georgian Orthodox unity is the basis of the Russian writers love to the Caucasus. Idealization of the Caucasus peculiar to Russian literature of the XIX century was ended with this novel of Tolstoy. In the XX century the utopia inferior to a sober, although sometimes delighted look on Georgia and the Caucasus (B. Pasternak, B. Akhmadulina, A. Bitov). Keywords: The Caucasus, utopia, motif, the literature of Russian Romanticism, “Prisoner of the Caucasus” | 1279 | |||||
1710 | The article considers the functioning of Americanisms in the newspaper style. The newspaper is acknowledged as a relevant source of information and a powerful means of the creation of its readers’ attitude (opinion). This fact reveals the basic functions of the newspaper style, that is to inform (the informative function) and to impact (the impacting function). Newspaper Americanisms, the ones that are frequently observed in the language of press, turn out capable of performing the outlined functions. The impacting function shows itself in the so called open evaluation of speech. It reveals its essence in two basic aspects, that is the creation of speech characteristics and the implementation of the social judgement. The article gives the analysis of different samples of Americanisms, performing the function of social markers in the newspaper style. Keywords: newspaper style, impacting function, open evaluation of speech, an Americanism, evaluation connotation, expressiveness, a model signal (marker) | 1279 | |||||
1711 | . | 1278 | |||||
1712 | This article is devoted to the analysis of the first work of literature by famous Russian writer L. Leonov. The motif of brothers in the novel «The Badgers* is observed in the context of mythopoetic tradition. | 1278 | |||||
1713 | In this article the author analyses the problem of psychological concept of psychogenic-induced bronchial asthma. With the help of multivariate statistic analysis the discriminative traits (scales of MMPI, Cattell 16PF) of the given bronchial asthma are showed. A hypochondriac anxiety-depressive radical is found to be patients’ specific personal feature. Anxiety as a main feature is transformed through protective mechanisms into a definite somatic state. The idea of bodily pathological phenomena of breath as sign-symbolic function is discussed in the frame of Thostov’s conception. | 1278 | |||||
1714 | This article is devoted to attempts of adaptation of artistic and moral lessons of "the holy Russian literature" (T. Mann) in the works of some foreign writers of the XXth century. The works by K.Chapek, T. Wilder, M. Westmacott (A. Christie) are considered in the context of "Russian version" of the panto-Christian "myth" about fallen person rebirth. | 1278 | |||||
1715 | Conception 3-D pedosystem construct on principle of similarity and take into account hydrodynamic's effects of transfer from local to global spatial grid. It is possible, if detailed survey soil's surface and structure was pre¬pared for 3-D soil. Hydrodynamic analysis finite-element method base on vertical and radial flow forming unit eluvial layer. | 1278 | |||||
1716 | The clause is devoted to the analysis of means of verbalization concept "Christening" in Russian national fairy tale. Named concept is a component of a folklore Christian picture of the world. Its consideration represents significant research interest in connection with a role of sacrament of a christening to life of the orthodox Christian. Thus those scripts which were reflected in Russian national fairy tale are marked, and the reasons of such choice come to light. Lexical means of verbalization concept "Christening" are allocated first of all and their role in the folklore text is defined. So the value of God parents established by church canons, and reflected in national consciousness, for example, is compared, and also various national signs and the customs connected with a christening and God are considered. Thus the special attention is given type of a fairy tale in which it is reflected data concept - magic, household or a fairy tale on animals. The urgency of work is connected with revival of Christianity and heightened interest to its history. | 1278 | |||||
1717 | The main function of a political speech is to influence its recipients. This article is devoted to the study of means and peculiarities of emotional persuasion used in political rhetoric as emotions play a big role for a mass audience. | 1278 | |||||
1718 | New ideas on wave neuronal processes and only two neuronal constants, H. Berger’s and M.N. Livanov’s ones, which were included into a dozen of simple algebraic equations, permit us to explain interrelationship of many known quantitative regularities in psychology. New equations, which were derived deductively from neurophysiological data, permit to explain quantitatively a lot of psychological phenomena in a broad range of conditions, particularly, the speed of gain of information and the dependence of short-term memory span on the alphabet span of stimuli. Besides it was shown in experiments with hundreds of subjects that individual parameters of electroencephalogram permit to compute individual peculiarities of human behavior, in partial to compute MMPI psychological profiles as well as to esteem intellectual abilities of human being. The predictors were electroencephalographic parameters like amplitudes and frequencies of EEG waves as well as coefficients of correlation between activities at different brain areas in resting state of subject | 1278 | |||||
1719 | The article presents the picture of razing efficiency of biological education by means of development of problem –oriented methods of education. This messed help to realize modern staid standard requirements. Keywords: problematical education, personal significance, cognitive interest | 1278 | |||||
1720 | One of the key relics of Novgorod’s Chronicles of the 15th century is the Forth Novgorod’s Chronicle. In spite of its importance this relic is to be referred to the number of the literary monuments that are not fully researched as there still remain a considerable number of the debatable questions that are not solved yet by home historical science. This work is the carried out analysis of the research material devoted to the study of the Forth Novgorod’s Chronicle, first of all, the analysis of the origin matters, its original sources, its peculiarities of the plot and the statement of the annalistic material, the aspects concerning the publishing of the text, the chronicle’s records, and the wordings of the monument. Keywords: the Great Novgorod, annals, chronicles, original sources, historiography | 1278 | |||||
1721 | The article reveals the concept «family way of life», the internal system of way of life of a family is presented. The review of the given concept interpretation is made by various authors. The author carries out a short excursus of specificity of family way of life in Russia from the 17th century to our time. Keywords: family way of life, life, components of family way of life. | 1278 | |||||
1722 | The paper deals with morphological means of expression of unreal modality in Nenets, their functional distribution in modern Nenets and their probable diachronic evolution. Keywords: Nenets, verb morphology, modality | 1278 | |||||
1723 | The article explores the mechanisms of creating and functioning of I. I. Kozlov’s individual translator’s myth concerning the creative works and personality of D. G. Byron. I. I. Kozlov is known as one of the early Russian byronists. Appearing of this myth is viewed as a result of using various strategies of translation and adaptation of English poetry into Russian. Keywords: Romanticism translation, strategies of adaptation, translator’s myth. I. I. Kozlov | 1278 | |||||
1724 | The article provides a psychological analysis of the professional and personal reaction specificity of the rescuers; thesaurus provides the basic concepts and definitions. The article demonstrates the medical-psychological aspect of psycho-emotional experiences of emergencies and their consequences, as well as the preservation of mental health of professional rescuers. Keywords: stress, risk, extreme states, mental health | 1278 | |||||
1725 | In the article we discuss the problem of formation and evaluation of pedagogical competences in the field of preschool foreign language education. Modern educational companies are in need of flexible and constantly developing teachers. The technology of portfolio is shown as one of the effective technologies which allows us to collect and structure all the information about the development of pedagogical competences. The teacher’s portfolio consists of a teacher questionnaire, English placement test, individual plan, project, teacher’s characteristics and selfreflection. It also helps to evaluate a teacher at any period of her or his professional development. The sources of evaluation are supervisors’ feedback, parents’ feedback and self-reflection. We distinguish four main pedagogical competences in the field of preschool foreign language education. They are communicative competences, informative competences, organizational competences and creative activity. We also formulate the requirements according to the three-level system of formation of the main pedagogical competences and the criteria of evaluation for each of three levels. The level «I know» means teachers understand the importance of self-development and they learn new skills. The level «I can» means teachers practice new skills at their lessons. The level «I can teach» means teachers can share their experience with colleagues. Keywords: professional development, preschool education, competences, foreign language teacher, portfolio, training, supervision, self-reflection | 1278 | |||||
1726 | The article presents he results of definition of teaching efficiency the integrated course of natural sciences in 10 classes. This course combines theoretical knowledge with complex laboratory works. The testing was carried out on the questions that have word-outlook orientation, which were studied in the section of natural sciences course «The Structure of the Universe on large scale». In the process of testing results analysis the graphic methods of results representation, statistical processing of the received data by Pirson criterion (criterion of 6-square) were used. These results indicate the formation of theoretical generalizations, and the formation of initial scientific and world-outlook ideas among the pupils of experimental classes, while among the schoolchildren of control classes these ideas practically have not been changed. On the basis of the received data the conclusion is made that the subject of natural sciences in the 10 classes due to its integrative character, organic combination of the theory and laboratory works contributes to the effective formation of modern world outlook of the pupils. | 1277 | |||||
1727 | The article deals with the narrative deixis which is not connected with the act of speaking and is found only in a text of fiction. Its text forming potential and important role in creating a fictional text is shown in the article. Narrative deixis correlates with nearly all the categories of the text of fiction – philosophical, grammatical and textual, which are subdivided in the article into structural, semantic and conceptual. Correlation of the narrative deixis with all categories in the fictional text proves its high status in it. | 1277 | |||||
1728 | As it is known, syntactic phraseological units are constructions of stylistic syntax. They express speaker’s attitude to what is being reported. Constant components are their basis, but on the other hand, one of the components of a syntactic phraseological unit is free. Such sentences can express a great variety of subjective and modal meanings. In the Mari language it was found 3 models of syntactic phraseological units, which express valuation. This the article is devoted to these research of constructions. | 1277 | |||||
1729 | Questions on the degree of intervention of government in economy, about its role and place in economy frequently become a subject of discussions in economic science, especially in market conditions. They are expressing opposite, sometimes mutually exclusive judgments on the given problem. In the article is proved necessity of state regulating of economy at transition to market conditions, located its basic directions, forms and principles of realization of regulating of economy as in conditions of transition to the market relations, and in the generated market economy | 1277 | |||||
1730 | The article of L.S. Kisteva presents one of the trends in the development of the new Russian drama - verbatim-drama - with the play «Submergence» by E. Narshi taken as an example. | 1277 | |||||
1731 | The article is devoted to study of correspondence of K. P. Pobedonostsev, famous statesman of the second half of the 19th century, with journalists. Correspondence is published and it is a great source on educational history, as K. P. Pobedonostsev was an attorney-general of Holy Synod and he was in charge of education in Russia since 1880 Keywords: education, educational history in Russia, history of the 19th century, K. P. Pobedonostsev | 1277 | |||||
1732 | The article is devoted to the analysis of Anton Chekhov's play «Three sisters» in comparison with the play «The Lower Depths» by Maxim Gorkiy. Valentina Golovchiner studies dramatist's search in the context of modern art at the turn of XIX-XX centuries. Cyclic motives in «Three sisters» are interpreted as manifestations of impressionism, while «The Lower Depths» is regarded in the article as an expressionist play. Valentina Golovchiner looks into both creations in connection with epic drama. Keywords: drama, action, motif, mood, impressionism, reflection, expressionism | 1277 | |||||
1733 | We investigate a specic model for a dark energy which lead to the Quasi-Rip cosmology. In the Quasi-Rip model the equation of state parameter w is less than -1 in the rst stage, but then in the second stage is larger than -1. The conditions for the appearance the Quasi-Rip in the terms of the parameters equation of state are received. Keywords: dark energy, cosmological constant, equation of state, bound structures | 1277 | |||||
1734 | The aim of the article is to find out how diaries and letters by Tolstoy, recollections of family members and friends about the last years of his life are used in the play and become structure of historical and biographical drama. Druta based his dramatic work views and judgments of Tolstoy himself described in his diaries and letters. The author also relied on the memoirs of those whom he believed to be Lev Nikolaevich’ like-minded people. Keywords: document, historical and biographical drama, plot, composition, laws of drama, historical authenticity | 1277 | |||||
1735 | This article describes psychical characteristics that are common among HIV-infected men, and the most common accentuations of personality traits among this category of patients. The conclusion after the research is: there are character traits that are typical to HIV-infected persons. Keywords: HIV-infection, psychological aid, accentuations | 1277 | |||||
1736 | The present article reviews the role of opioid receptors and their endogenous and synthetic agonists in the formation of resistance to the action of condition of acute hypoxia. It shows that stimulation of opioid receptors is accompanied by a neuroprotective effect in acute hypoxia. It examines the role of different types of opioid receptors in the implementation of the protective effect of adaptation to hypoxia. The authors analyzed the results on the mechanisms of action of opioids, the role of cAMP, cGMP, nitric oxide, inositol triphosphate, K+- and Ca2+-channels in realization of the effects of agonists of opioid receptors. It discussed opioidergic mechanisms of the reactions that increase the resistance to hypoxia. Keywords: opioid receptors, opioid system, КАТР-channels, cAMP, cGMP, inositoltriphosphate, nitric oxide, hypoxia, adaptation | 1277 | |||||
1737 | The article reviews translation revision studies attempted both in Russia and abroad, in order to prove the necessity of establishing theoretical and methodological basis for this field of activity. The authors consider the notion of revision, define its status in translation teaching, analyse methods of revision and self-revision and prove it necessary to include revision as an independent activity into translators training program in higher educational establishments. Keywords: self-revision, revision, translation quality, translators training, translation | 1277 | |||||
1738 | Cosmetology was born as a skill to look after one’s appearance, keep and underline one’s beauty with the help of various means and ways. In modern society where a special attention is paid to cosmetic beauty, the field of cosmetology producing and rending cosmetology services is flourishing. Cosmetology discourse is a type of professional communication connected with rending cosmetology services and creating (inventing), production (technology), advertising, protection, evaluation, marketing of cosmetology products. This discourse refers to hybrid, creolized discourse, using verbal, iconic and graphic codes. This article deals with French cosmetology discourse as one of the kinds of institutional discourse, which is a complexly organized and multi-component formation, the interaction of legislative (legal) discourse in the field of production, sale of cosmetics and rending cosmetology services, advertisement and cosmetology discourse, scientific and cosmetology discourse, academic cosmetology discourse, cosmetology media discourse, commercial discourse. The leading role belongs to the cosmetology discourse proper (esthetic medicine) in the sphere of professional communication. In its turn, each kind of the cosmetology discourse one can find polyphonic inclusions of the chemical (cosmetology), pharmaceutical, social, technical and other discourses. The complex discursive nature of the cosmetology discourse has generated a variety of genre forms. Keywords: cosmetology, discourse, beauty, care, health, speech genre | 1277 | |||||
1739 | The relevance of the study is determined by the clear interest of the pedagogues in implementing the main requirements to training the students of higher education institutions. The need for studying the problem of developing cross-cultural competence in the context of higher education is covered. The theoretical aspects of developing cross-cultural competence in view of currently important values and aims of training in higher education system are discussed. The main methodological approaches to developing cross-cultural communication within the framework of professionally-oriented foreign language teaching – system based, activity and competence based, cross-cultural approaches are revealed. Based on the presented approaches the essence and the key concept of “cross-cultural competence” of the students are clarified. The structural components of cross-cultural competence are determined and described in detail. The structure of the cross-cultural competence is comprised of motivational, cognitive, personal and activity, axiological, reflective components. The concept of cross-cultural competence has made it possible to point out and reveal the basic principles of organizing and implementing the process of developing the cross-cultural competence in the framework of professional oriented foreign language teaching such as the principles of humanistic teaching, dialogic communication, learning professionally oriented thesaurus, openness to foreign cultures and ideas, integration into a different culture, critical appraisal of situation in cross-cultural communication. Special attention is paid to the importance of the pedagogical potential of the e-Learning environment in the teaching and learning process, it has been explained that the e-Learning environment has a positive impact on the developing the structural components of cross-cultural competence in training the students in higher education institutions. Keywords: cross-cultural competence, foreign language teaching, learning and teaching process, e-Learning environment | 1277 | |||||
1740 | The paper is devoted to the study of the phraseological units which denote age in the Chinese language. The analysis of such phraseological units is coherent with the main principle of the language athropocentricty when a human being is made a cornerstone of modern linguistic studies and a starting point in analysing the language phenomena. There are a lot of fixed phrases in the Chinese language which are connected with the semantic sphere of age. But nevertheless the analysis of the phraseological units according to different age groups hasn’t been carried out yet. In the present article the author analyses phraseological units which name childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age. The conclusion is made that there are some characteristics which are peculiar to the Chinese language and Chinese linguo-culture. These peculiarities are determined by the belonging of this national and cultural community to the eastern type of culture. And these distinctive features are expressed in the existence of a large spectrum of phraseological units which denote the age of a person through the whole life span. These phraseological units add expressivenss, figurativeness, profoundness, flexibility to the Chinese language. They express folk wisdom which has been received during the long history of China. Keywords: age, phraseological units, childhood, adolescence, youth, adulthood, old age | 1277 | |||||
1741 | Introduction. The article offers a selection and classification of modern English language units of terminological character with etymological comments. The aim of the paper is to consider terminologisms or terms with transferred meaning. Terminologism is a language unit with several components which has either direct terminological or professional meaning. This direct meaning becomes the basis for derived, figurative meaning. It is fixed in speech as a result of repeated use. Material and methods. The language material of this article includes 555 terminological units collected from special philological researches and specialized modern dictionaries of English idioms. The analyzed language units are divided into subgroups by source. The most productive areas of terminology are sports, military and maritime fundamentals, gambling. Moreover, there is reference to language units from the hunting area, theatre, arts, and various sciences. Further on, terminologisms are considered from the point of view of transparency, deducibility of their meaning: both direct and figurative. Results and discussion. It is noted that such fixed expressions can be both completely transparent, clear and completely opaque. Transparent terminologisms, as a rule, are understandable due to the inner form (components) and figurative meaning. Transparent terminologisms are known and recognizable because of general cultural background of the addressee as well. Opaque terminologisms are divided into two groups. On the one hand, there are fixed expressions that contain a specific component. This specific component is a term with the meaning unknown to common people. On the other hand, the inner form of the fixed expression is not entirely understandable. Although all the components are clear, the image conveyed by the term is not clear at all. As a result, the figurative meaning of this term is not deducible. The article comments on the meanings of terminologisms which are considered difficult for understanding. Real examples and dictionary definitions of direct and figurative meanings are given. At the end, the results of the study are summarized. Conclusion. The result of the survey can be used in the special course on modern English phraseology. As a subject of further research, it is assumed that the media and the Internet have the potential for the formation of new modern English terminological units and terminologisms as well. Keywords: idiom, etymology, terminology, terminologism, transparency of idioms | 1277 | |||||
1742 | The author created a concept of increasing the teaching guality, the training guality of specialists on the base of that were worked out psychological and pedagogical teaching technologies. The application of these technologies guar¬antees the development of intellectual, professional and creative abilities of schoolchildren and students. | 1276 | |||||
1743 | This article is devoted to the problem of love in modern culture. The values of post-industrial (or informational) society make us consider the phenomenon of the human love, its role and meaning in modern world. The traditional approach to this problem is not critical anymore, while modern culture offers new approaches and solutions. | 1276 | |||||
1744 | The article considers the problems of the effective control over the technique of the moving actions in complicated exercises on parallel barrels. The time history of moments of muscle strength in joints of a sportsman is specified and also the main and correc¬tional movements as well as the muscular function modes are revealed. | 1276 | |||||
1745 | In article attempt to consider refraction of large-scale process political-economical and sociocultural transformations, developed in Europe on the boundary of Middle Ages and early New time, in the sphere of gender relations is done. By means of humorous concepts the question of mutual relation of sex and various interpretations of an image of the woman in the fabliau – group of products of satirical character of the early city literature which blossoming falls to the end XII – first half XIV centuries; and also in F. Rable's satirical novel «Gargantia and Pantagruel» (XVI in.) is analyzed. | 1276 | |||||
1746 | For the first time full morphological description of all age stages of new species of malarial mosquitoes of the Maculipennis Complex - Anopheles artemievi Gordeev et al., 2004 are represented. Peculiar features which help to identify An. artemievi in sympatric zones from another member of Complex - Anopheles messeae Fall., 1926, - are given | 1276 | |||||
1747 | In the article on the basis of the analysis of Russian scientific literature on aspects competence the approach in education, the author suggests definitions in detail-specialized competence which formation will allow increasing quality of education of university graduates. It is offered to inspect in detail-specialized competence on the basis of the qualifying characteristics generated by the labour market. The independent activity of students is analyzed during training and its influence on formation in detail-specialized competence. Flight research of independent activity of students of the correspondence form of training with the help of the developed questionnaire is carried out. It is revealed, that independent activity of students during training is characterized by non-uniform distribution, with its gradual increase by the end of term of training. The received data are analyzed and it will be applied for the further research. Keywords: competence, competence approach, subject-oriented competence, independent activity of students, maintenance of quality of education, quality of preparation of experts | 1276 | |||||
1748 | Innovational direction in teaching foreign communication supposes denying the reproductive stage in development of ability and priority of productive speech what demands from the students individual programs, independent communicative steps; all this results in original, creative, free speech connected with personally important information. Keywords: technologies of teaching foreign communication, the productive and original non-prepared speech | 1276 | |||||
1749 | The article analyzes the approaches to valuing the level of forming of professional competence; the results of research of the components of professional competence such as academic and research competence, information and subject competence, organizing and methodical competence, communication competence, social and legal competence, personal and professional competence are presented. Keywords: young specialist, competence, professional competence, components of professional competence, competence approach | 1276 | |||||
1750 | The article presents the results of the experimental studies of creative training of students of engineering universities - engineers and teachers on the basis of technologies of innovative designing. It is shown that teaching innovative designing to the students greatly influences on basic characteristics of their creative thinking – fluency, flexibility and originality. The article also presents the results of creative preparation of students in the process of performance of test works, course projects and creative exams. | 1276 |