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| 6251 | Introduction. This article carries out the analysis of the ways the stylistic convergence is rendered from Russian into English. The phenomenon of convergence has been thoroughly studied neither by the stylistics as far as its speech implementation is concerned, nor by the theory of translation taking into account all the semantic, stylistic and pragmatic information expressed by the author by means of convergence that needs to be rendered in translation. Quite often, scientific research studies the problem of transferring a particular stylistic device rather than their converged group which obviously complicates the translator’s work. The problem thus stated is aimed at revealing the most effective translation strategy for rendering the stylistic convergence in the target text. Aim and objectives. The aim of the article is to single out and analyze the ways the convergence of stylistic means is rendered from the source language into the target language maintaining its pragmatic function. Material and methods. The material for the study is the novel “Anna Karenina“ by L. Tolstoy and its translation in English by Margaret Wettlin published by Progress Publishers in 1978. The object of the research is convergence of stylistic means, the subject is the ways of its transference from Russian into English. The basis of the methodology lies in the scientific and linguistic methods including the descriptive and comparative ones. Results and discussion. The research has shown that the complete transference of the convergence is rather rare due to the lexical and structural peculiarities of the two languages. Having analyzed 70 text units we have come to the conclusion that 24 % of them are those in which the stylistic convergence is preserved in the target text. The stylistic convergence is rendered by substituting or adding some of its components in 12 % and 17 % of units respectively. The most frequent (47 %) are the cases when some of the converged stylistic means of the source text are omitted in translation. As for the pragmatic functions of the stylistic convergence, they are in most cases retained in the target text enhancing or, on the contrary, weakening the stylistic effect of the original text. Conclusion. The article gives a short historical overview of studying stylistic convergence and covers its main interpretations. The analysis of the research material includes the study of stylistic means that form the stylistic convergence in the literary text, the comparative analysis of the text units containing the stylistic convergence both in the source text and in the target text. We revealed the most frequent ways of rendering the stylistic convergence from Russian into English. In addition, we analyzed the pragmatic functions of the stylistic convergence as well as the ways they can be retained in translation. Keywords: stylistic convergence, stylistic means, pragmatic functions, translation, the ways of rendering the stylistic convergence | 946 | |||||
| 6252 | Introduction. The results of the annual monitoring of the input and final diagnostics of the development of additional professional programs by students are presented. Aim and objectives. The goal is to determine the degree of formation of students’ professional competencies when mastering additional professional programs, as well as to determine the dynamics of changes in the subject position of students regarding their professional competence. Material and methods. The research material was the data obtained from the final diagnosis developed by the Institute of Continuing Professional Education. Identified difficulties in the training of students, as well as interesting dynamics in four sections of the questionnaire are presented: the position of students of the courses regarding their legal competence, psychological and pedagogical competence, professional skills, and the relevance of using the Institute’s information and methodological resources. Results and discussion. An analysis of the data of the conducted input and final diagnostics of the level of training of students in the development of additional professional programs for 2019 revealed the typical and remaining difficulties that students experience. Two categories took part in the survey: “Pedagogical workers” and “Leading workers”. Diagnostic data showed that most students feel the need to develop their professional competence. The need for the development of skills that allow you to build your own professional activities in accordance with the legislation in the field of education remains relevant in the work of both teachers and managers. An important issue is the use by students of psychological and pedagogical knowledge and skills in professional activities. Input diagnostic data show a fairly small percentage of students who use psychological and pedagogical knowledge and skills, as well as the use of a systematic and natural basis. Another problem remains the awareness of an insufficient level of knowledge of information and communication technologies. Despite the sufficient openness of the institute’s information resources and its presence on the official website, a fairly large percentage of students are not sufficiently familiar with project and information-methodological resources, including those presented on portals and sites located on the official website, since this is not in their circle duties, according to listeners. Conclusion. The remaining difficulties identified will allow us to adjust the work of carrying out operational adjustments to the content and forms of work of the teaching staff with students during the development of additional professional programs, as well as to determine approaches to making effective management decisions aimed at ensuring positive dynamics in the results of the development of additional professional programs by students. Keywords: education quality assessment, education quality assessment system, internal education quality assessment system, input and final diagnostics, subjective position of students | 946 | |||||
| 6253 | This article analyses the specificity of teaching Russian to Polish students of Russian at the university level, in particular those students who are characterised by clip thinking (hence the name homo clipus). The main aim of this article is to suggest the approach, methods and means to be used in teaching a foreign language to students from the homo clipus generation. There being no studies on teaching Russian as a foreign language to homo clipus students, this study serves as a counterbalance to more traditional approaches to teaching Russian as a foreign language by offering a description of specific ways of learning adopted by young people who represent the homo clipus generation. Keywords: Russian as a foreign language, clip thinking, methods, information and communication technologies | 945 | |||||
| 6254 | The article is devoted to the actual problem of optimization of the sports result of young athletes in conditions of additional education. The purpose of the work is to reveal the features of the normalization of physical activity of young athletes using the system approach through the management of structural formations of the training process. In the work the features of the organization of the educational process in the children and youth sports school are revealed with the use of the system approach in achieving the sporting result. The management of structural formations of the training process in the system of additional education becomes a system-forming factor in the training of qualified athletes, since it solves many problems of improving absolutely all the components of physical fitness of a beginner athlete. Methodical approaches to the organization of training sessions for young athletes in water sports have been developed, based on the management of structural formations of the training process. The results of the pedagogical experiment make it possible to specify certain effective approaches, forms, methods and tools used in the classroom. During the work, the following methods of scientific research were used: analysis of scientific, sports, methodological literature; analysis of best practices, modeling methods, pedagogical experiment. Research materials can be used in the practice of trainers. Keywords: system approach, normalization of physical loads, structural formations of the training process and exercises, modeling of the sport result | 945 | |||||
| 6255 | Introduction. This information review presents papers presented on November 14, 2020 at Tomsk State Pedagogical University at the VI International Scientific Conference «Problems of Transformation and Functioning of Cultural Models in Russian Literature». It was dedicated to the 120th anniversary of N. R. Erdmann. John Friedman and Ekaterina Shevchenko, the authors of the first monographs on Erdmann, were among the speakers at the second conference held at TSPU. Drama researchers Valentina Golovchiner, Oksana Yurchenkova (Rusanova), Olga Strashkova, Elena Penskaya, Larisa Tyutelova, Irina Bagration-Mukhranneli, Oksana Kravchenko, Elena Kirichuk, and art historians and theater scholars Konstantin Uchitel, Martina Palusheva, Anna Kovalova, Vanhong Bao, Liang Weiqi, and others. Objective: to outline the directions of contemporary studies of the Erdmann’s work by; to see the scale of scientific contacts, to unite like-minded people from different countries, to acquaint specialists and everyone interested in researching Erdmann’s work with the contents of the conference participants’ reports. Material and methods. The article is based on a complex approach including biographical, cultural-historical, comparative-typological, historical-literary, historical-functional methods. Results and discussion. The main points of the reports were briefly presented, the topical aspects of Erdmann’s work were pointed out, the range of works of literature and theater discussed in the context of his work was outlined, and an idea of translations and productions of Erdmann’s plays in European countries was formed. Conclusion. The material from the review of the conference reports can be used in scientific research, educational and cultural-educational activities in order to broaden the idea of Erdman’s personality and creativity, the scope of his talent, his contribution to Russian and world playwrights. Keywords: Erdmann, plays, Shakespeare’s and Gogol’s traditions, avant-garde, poetics, comic, context, reception | 945 | |||||
| 6256 | 944 | ||||||
| 6257 | The article considers the specific character of religious metaphors and their role in conceptualization of the soul in art discourse of the XVIII–ХХ centuries. The characteristic feature of the studied metaphorical model is the close synthesis of pagan and Christian concepts, the appeal to fundamental oppositions “good – evil” and “own – alien”, estimation approach to cognizable fragments of reality. By means of a metaphorical projection from the area of “religion” into the area of “man’s inner world” in an art discourse the spiritual qualities of the person, emotional life, personal relations between the man and the woman are represented. The peak of the use of religious metaphors in an art discourse is XVIII–XIX centuries. Since XX century, after 1917, the religion has ceased to occupy the central position in the life of a society, as a result the given area began to be used significantly less often as a source of metaphorical expansion. Keywords: conceptual metaphor, concept, art discourse religion, soul | 944 | |||||
| 6258 | Child language acquisition is directly connected with the development of thinking and cognitive development, what is reflected in a child’s play as a form of communication. As the most russian psychologists and phsycolinguists claim, play activity is the top priority at the preschool age. Acquiring the prosodic characteristics of the speech also plays an important part in language acquisition. This paper provides the analysis of prosodic features of child speech at different rates of emotional intensity (with the use of child’s play as an example) and makes the connection between the prosodic organization of the speech and the speaker’s intention. According to the results of our research, the personal prosodic characteristics of the self-identity speech vary from the ones of the role-identity speech/the personal prosodic characteristics differ depending on whether the speech act is made in self- or role-identity. Keywords: children’s communication, prosodic organization of speech, emotional speech, rhythmic group | 944 | |||||
| 6259 | In this work we considered the problem of optimization of teaching English and German languages to students of the correspondence form of training that means selecting the best, the most favorable way of teaching from the many possible ones. One way is remote education. The article reflects its positive sides. As a means we presented the electronic textbook with a description of some of its sections for English and German languages. The results of the conducted experiment on the application of the electronic textbook by the students of the correspondence form of training are reflected in this article. The results of the students’ tests of the reference and experimental groups studying English and German languages are also presented. Keywords: optimization, methods of teaching foreign languages, remote education, electronic textbook, correspondence form of training | 943 | |||||
| 6260 | The article deals with the linguodidactic potential of jargon, realized in the classes on teaching Russian as a foreign language in the Chinese audience. The main attention is paid to different uses of jargon for the implementation of the linguistic goal of teaching a foreigner to the colloquial Russian language, through which interpersonal communication is carried out in the conditions of everyday interaction. The relevance of the article is due to the growing importance of multicultural communication and the strengthening of Russian-Chinese contacts, including linguistic ones. The scientific novelty of the issue under consideration is the possibility of examining the extraliterary linguistic facts (in this study – jargon) from the point of view of linguodidactic and linguistic cultural units used in classes in Russian as a foreign language in the Chinese audience. As an empirical material for our research, texts written in various Internet genres were used: blogs, correspondence in chats and forums, posts in social networks. As a material for the study, we considered the texts of the decoding of the audio recordings of the speech of the characters in the television series and the heroes of the TV show. All these varieties of oral and written texts can serve as a linguistic guideline for mastering the Russian language as a foreign language. In them, in huge numbers, there are extra-literary units, including jargon. Note that the stated texts are oriented, in majority, to the youth part of the viewers and Internet users. Keywords: intercultural communicative competence, linguodidactics, jargon, Russian as a foreign language, foreign students, Chinese audience | 943 | |||||
| 6261 | Introduction. The socio-political event of the UK’s exit from the European Union has attracted widespread attention in the mass media since 2016. The article focuses on the metaphorical conceptualization of Brexit in news discourse. Material and methods. The research is based on the news texts on Brexit from the British internet-editions such as The Guardian, The Independent, The Daily Telegraph and BBC News. The research methods used in the paper are the definitional analysis, componential analysis, complete enumeration method, interpretation analysis, content analysis, metaphorical conceptualization method. Results and discussion. The paper gives a detailed analysis and interpretation of Brexit metaphorical representation from a religious perspective. The religion has always played an essential role in the history of human society. It is considered not only to permeate all the spheres of human activity but also consciousness and subconsciousness. Therefore, journalists implicitly try to influence the values of recipients. The metaphorical submodel BREXIT – RELIGIOUS BELIEF revealed in the paper describes Brexit primarily as a religious belief to add more value for the British society. The metaphorical submodel BREXIT – RELIGIOUS BELIEF is transformed into the submodel BREXIT – CULT with a negative connotation as a pseudo-religious organization. The metaphorical submodel BREXIT – SECT considered in the paper has a destructive nature and it compares B. Johnson and his supporters with the terrorist group Al-Qaeda that is ready to murder and die for its ideology. Conclusion. Productive religious metaphorical submodels interpret Brexit as a negative process. The interpretive potential of conceptual religious metaphor is realized. Keywords: Brexit, news discourse, metaphorical model, metaphorical conceptualization, interpretive potential, cognitive mechanism, news construal | 943 | |||||
| 6262 | Introduction. The article deals with the problem of optimizing the teaching of Russian as a foreign language using computer technologies at the stage of pre-University training of Chinese students. Students from China experience a number of difficulties related to cultural, national characteristics, as well as large differences in the principles of their native and Russian languages. The aim of the work is to analyze the practices of using computer technologies at the initial stage of studying RCT by Chinese students; to postulate the need to use existing electronic educational complexes, as well as to create new ones. Material and methods. The methodology included information retrieval, continuous sampling analysis, and systematization. Results and discussion. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the systematization of the described experience of using electronic resources and conclusions. In Russia, several electronic and methodological complexes have been created in recent years, which simplify the process of mastering Russian as a foreign language. Using them, the student can repeatedly reproduce the training material, return to it after some time. The effective experience of using e-courses at the stage of pre-University training is described. They are used in Moscow, Krasnodar, Voronezh and other cities. Most of the computer systems concern phonetics as a section of the Russian language. This is due to the complexity of this section for international students. The part is created on topics that are studied much later than the initial stage, for example, «Chemistry», «Economics», «Literature». We have noted the lack of narrowly thematic educational electronic materials for students of the initial stage. Also, for effective learning and comfort in a foreign language environment, students can be provided with interactive dictionaries. It is important that the role of the teacher is not leveled in the course of using electronic learning environments. Conclusion. Interactive courses serve as necessary additional elements in the training system of RCTS, but they cannot replace the tutor’s control by a live person. We noted the descriptive nature of scientific works on the functioning of e-courses, which means that there is a need to quantify their effectiveness using sociological, pedagogical and statistical methods, and to highlight the results in the General pedagogical discourse. Keywords: computer technologies, RCT, pre-University training, Chinese students, optimization of Russian language teaching, multimedia complexes, electronic courses | 943 | |||||
| 6263 | Introduction. The article presents a communicative and pragmatic analysis of the doctor’s media communication in the social network. Aim and objective. The aim of the article is to identify and describe the ways to implement communication strategies in a media text created on the basis of the news story COVID-19. Material and methods. The material was the doctor’s posts about the coronavirus on Instagram. The analysis is carried out taking into account the compositional and semantic integrity of the levels of strategic verbal communication and polycode components in the media text. The methodology for analyzing strategic planning consists in identifying communicative strategies, determining their hierarchical ordering, describing the nomenclature and methods of linguistic representation of the tactics that implement them. Results and discussion. The media text about COVID-19 allows the doctor to solve several strategic tasks: creating a professional image, educating the mass address, forming the target audience of the blog. The main strategy is selfpresentation, implemented in communicative tactics of appeal to the profession (through the images of «I am a doctor», «I am an expert in the field of medicine», «We are the medical community»), actualization of dedication to the profession, demonstration of overcoming professional difficulties, the transmission of subjective information (through the images «I am a patient» and «I am a person»), as well as non-verbal methods (posting photos of doctors in the fight against COVID-19). The information and educational strategy in the texts about the coronavirus becomes auxiliary and contributes to the implementation of the strategy of self-presentation through the appeal to the tactics of definition, brief information, instructions, appeals to authoritative sources, recommendations, discrediting medical myths. It is found that the communicative success of these tactics is achieved when they are combined with selfpresenting ones, as well as with a certain sequence of their use in one media communication. An auxiliary strategy for engaging and retaining the addressee, performing dialogue and rhetorical functions, is implemented in parallel with self-presentation and informational and educational strategies at the level of media text composition by placing a topic and image referring to COVID-19 in the title; implementation of tactics for announcing a topical topic and appealing to the benefits of reading the text in the introduction of the text; using in the main part of the tactics of communicative rapprochement, linguistic originality and orientation towards linguistic fashion; as well as appeals in the conclusion to etiquette tactics and tactics of invitation to dialogue. Conclusion. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the implementation of the dominant strategies of medical media communication is carried out in parallel at different levels of the media text about the coronavirus, through the use of verbal and non-verbal tactics of persuasive and suggestive influence on the audience. The effectiveness of referring to the information occasion of COVID-19 as a strategic planning tool to achieve the main goal of the doctor’s media communication in the social network – creating a professional brand. Keywords: communication strategy, medical communication, information occasion, COVID-19, media communication, media text | 942 | |||||
| 6264 | . // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 4 (13). P. 20-22 . | 941 | |||||
| 6265 | The paper is dedicated to the peculiarities of literal activity of M. Zvetaeva and to the lexical ways of its representation in her letters, taking into concern the gender factors. | 941 | |||||
| 6266 | The notion of effective action is central for research of many aspects of quantum field theory models. The exact definition of the effective Lagrangian guarantees the exact solution of the corresponding quantum theory model and in the general case it is not possible. Thereby, the problem of effective action finding is now considered as an independent direction within the framerwork of the quantum theory. Consequently, there is a need to develop superfield methods of constructing effective action and improve the already existing. This paper proposes the method for constructing of the one-loop effective action of N = 1 of supersymmetric field theories which allows to find superfield effective Lagrangian as an expansion in supercovariant derivative background superfields. As an example of the general technique application we calculate the low-energy action of N = 1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. Keywords: effective action, supersymmetric field theory, Yang-Mills model | 940 | |||||
| 6267 | 940 | ||||||
| 6268 | The article reveals the topical issue of formation of professional responsibility of students majoring in Management. The necessity to train professional responsibility in the higher education is caused by social demand. Social marginalization, depreciation of moral standards, puerilism of contemporary youths testify the necessity to train personal qualities that both encourage competitiveness and successful career and regulate social and moral relations. The work also provides the description of foreign and domestic concepts, which reveal the detailed comprehension of responsibility and professional responsibility. The article also focuses on the results of theoretical studies of responsibility in philosophical, physiological, moral aspects which have become the prerequisite to study the pedagogical environment and techniques for professional responsibility training. The author defines professional responsibility as a professional and moral feature that encourages professional activity of the manager. Professional responsibility should be trained in moral oriented pedagogical environment. Keywords: Responsibility, professional responsibility, professional and moral feature | 940 | |||||
| 6269 | Poems by Dmitriy Sirotin often have the plot and character. The author is trying to convey identity of child’s consciousness. This poetry opens a familiar but always mysterious world. Sirotin invites the reader to look at the role-play situation from different points of view. If an adult person understands life, the child feels reality intuitively, and he is able to transfigure it mythologically. This poet resorts to method of analogy in different levels of text. Search of words that coincide in sound and form stimulates wordplay. Analogy gives an opportunity to compare the two things of reality. In addition, the author finds existential similarity in these things, it helps to overcome the difference between the Me and the Other. Keywords: Dmitriy Sirotin, contemporary poetry for children, Siberian poetry, analogy, character of child, wordplay | 940 | |||||
| 6270 | The article describes how to conduct psychological and pedagogical training. The methodology was developed during the study of readiness for military training. It was held within the framework of the activities of professional psychological selection. We relied on the techniques used in the identification of existing professionally important qualities of the applicant at the time of enrollment in the military educational institution of higher professional education. The proposed development is universal because it can be used both in group and individual work. The training can easily be adapted to the survey of the applicants of the higher educational institutions of other professional directions, mainly for the professions connected with special working conditions, where you need not only the ability to come to a decision promptly, but also the ability to choose from a variety of options the most appropriate one. Keywords: trainer, the category of professional fitness, readiness for the professional activity | 939 | |||||
| 6271 | The article observes the problems of valuable attitude towards foreign-language culture in the context of a foreign language training. The analysis of the integrative nature of valuable attitude is directed to identification of the components of its structure and peculiarities of their interconnected functioning for harmonization of personal development of students as subjects of cross-cultural dialogue. This work reveals psychology and pedagogical mechanisms of its formation in the context of foreign-language education and regularity of the organization of educational process in a foreign language focused on their development. The field of sense-formation includes all the spheres of the human personality – not only cognitive, but affective, motivational and activity as well. Taking into consideration the patterns of functioning of valuable attitude and organizing their work properly, teachers could make the process of training in a foreign language a real way of mutual cross-cultural enrichment and personal development of their students. Keywords: valuable attitude, foreign-language culture, sense formation, educational creative activity | 939 | |||||
| 6272 | Introduction. Modern study of terminologies and term systems are carried out in the aspect of cognitive terminology. Research devoted to the study of the term semantics in the context of cognitive terminology is gaining popularity. The aim of the work is to create frame models of the term semantics of the subject area “Construction Technologies”, to identify the main cognitive categories and subcategories represented by these models and characteristic of construction terminology, as well as the means of their expression. Material and methods. The material for the study is the terms of the sphere of construction technologies, selected from the terminological dictionaries on construction, regulatory documents, educational and scientific literature, as well as catalogues of construction products and professional websites for construction engineers. The research methodology is based on the method of linguistic modeling, frame analysis was used to study the term semantics. The techniques of definitional and component analysis are also used. Results and discussion. The frame modeling of the term semantics of the professional field “Construction technologies” was performed on the basis of the word-formation structure of the derived term. As a result of the analysis of frame models, correlated with the word-forming types, the following cognitive categories in the terminology of the sphere of construction technologies are defined: “process”, “attribute”, “ability / characteristic”, “action”, “object”. The article provides a detailed analysis of the semantics of Russian terms that actualize the cognitive categories “process” and “feature”. Frame models of term semantics are proposed; the frame consists of slots, which are components of the meaning of the term and are represented by various morphemes. The categorical slot is of particular importance as it correlates with the part-of-speech belonging of the term. The following subcategories specify the semantics of the identified cognitive categories: “technology of manufacturing / application of building materials”, “stage of the technological process”, “special construction works / results of these works”, “construction defect”, etc. These subcategories are defined by the specifics of the terminology of the field of construction technologies. Conclusion. As a result of frame modeling the semantics of the terms of the sphere “Construction technologies” and the analysis of the cognitive categories “process” and “attribute”, within each of them, subcategories specific to construction terminology were identified. It was revealed that the most productive way of word formation in the analyzed terminology is suffixation and prefixation. The proposed frame models of terms reflect fragments of scientific knowledge verbalized by special nominations, and frame analysis is an effective method for studying the ways of categorizing scientific information. Keywords: construction terminology, cognitive terminology, frame, semantics | 939 | |||||
| 6273 | The article gives the view of profile education in senior classes, analyzes the aims of profile education and the way of their implementation according to the state educational standard of general secondary education. We study models of school profile education and their connection with e-learning form of education and its models. As a result, elearning form helps the successful implementation of ideas and postulates of learner-centered approach and profile education in general. The most acceptable model of full-time and e-learning integration completes traditional system of education in school, allows senior pupils organize, deepen their knowledge of the desired discipline according to the chosen profile of education. Keywords: profile education, process of profilisation, aims of profile education, e-learning form of education, models of e-learning, senior classes | 938 | |||||
| 6274 | The article examines the problem of preserving physical activity of civil servants, on which the efficiency of their professional activity largely depends. It is shown that understanding of physical activity as an external qualifying requirement for the employee, realization that the level of physical activity has influence on other professionally important qualities of a public servant’s personality, stipulates the necessity of the empiric research for perfection of maintenance of continuous professional education of employees of government service. The essence of the concept “physical activity” and the structure of physical activity are exposed in totality of the intellectual, operational and motivational components, which serve as the basis for determination of the criteria for estimation of level of physical activity development of civil servant. The analysis of the results of using a set of methods for diagnosing of physical activity of civil servants is presented: methods of estimation of physical activity (А. G. Gоrbunov), methods of research of sport activity motivation (А. Ts. Puni), methods of self-assessment of interest in regular engaging in physical culture (Е. А. Кrivova), Must-test “Determination of vital values of personality” (P. N. Ivanov, Е. F. Коlоbоvа), express-diagnostics of social values of personality, questionnaire “Diagnostics of the real structure of value orientations” (S. S. Bubnov), questioning. Keywords: physical activity of civil servants, diagnostics of physical activity of civil servants | 938 | |||||
| 6275 | Introduction. The problem of professional choice in a situation of uncertainty raises the importance of scientific understanding and finding practical solutions to support school graduates in the process of professional self-determination. This is particularly an issue for rural school graduates. The problem was addressed in domestic and foreign Pedagogy and Psychology at different times in history. The attitude towards the problem of professional choice is changing. Whereas it was more often considered in the context of professional self-determination, it is now the subject of independent research. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of the professional choice by rural school students in the changing ideas about the essence of professional choice as a psychological and pedagogical problem. Material and methods. The empirical base of the study is represented by 15–18 years old school students and the middle-aged population of rural settlements in the north and south of the Tyumen region. The survey was attended by 200 people. The content of the questions is aimed at evaluation of the confidence and validity of the professional choice and general awareness in various aspects of the attractiveness of traditional and modern occupations. Basic methods: analysis, synthesis, generalization, questioning. Results and discussion. The authors examine professional choices in different contexts. The first context reflects the needs of society and the state in the professional development of an individual in a knowledge economy. The second context shows the need for a theoretical and methodological justification of the development of the content and scope of the concept of “professional choice”, its factors and mechanisms. The third context characterizes the peculiarities and problems of choosing a profession by rural school students. Conclusion. The results showed that, in general, there is a lack of maturity among school students in choosing a profession and understanding its importance in life values realization. The position of the parents is aimed at supporting children in their independent choice. The professional choice depends on the regional specificities, demand for occupations in a given territory, personal preferences, and the occupational prestige. This work is supported by the Science Leadership School of the Competence development center of the worldclass West Siberian Scientific and educational Center. The research was funded by RFBR and Tyumen Region, project number 413-720011 “Development of a model of professional orientation, self-determination and self-realization of the population of the Tyumen region in the context of the transformation of the socio-economic space”, contract No. 20-413-720011. Keywords: professional choice, professional self-determination, rural students | 938 | |||||
| 6276 | The article presents the justification of the principals of construction and realization of national and region component in general and professional music education in the Republic of Khakassia. These are research of region music material including traditional word outlook views of indigenous population, holism, integration’s principal of national in global, principal of content’s including regional component in federal constituent of music education in the capacity of it’s organic part. The article specifies the direction of pedagogical activity, allowing to provide positive interaction of different cultures in a multicultural educational environment of the school. Showes the special aspects of future music teacher’s training in the formation of national communication’s culture in Khakassia based on region music material. Keywords: national music culture, intercultural relations, dialog of cultures, national and region component, music education | 937 | |||||
| 6277 | Notions reading and writing from J.-P. Sartre’s autobiographical tale The Words (Les Mots) are considered in their relation to representing an authorial ego and to existential experience of an autobiographical character, which undergoes authorial formation by going through various stages of reading and writing. Individual literary evolution is specified by its correlation with literary evolution in general. There studied how the mechanism of writing is paradoxically described in the narrative and the way it performs the summit of a single ego’s fulfillment along with the ego’s estrangement and vanishing into generality at the same time. There also revealed an analogy between forming an autobiographical character’s reading and writing habit and his experiencing the notion of death. Sartre’s parting from literature in The Words is explained in connection with R. Barthes concept of “Death of the author”. Keywords: J.-P. Sartre, The Words (Les Mots), autobiographical character, authorial ego, reading and writing, literary evolution | 937 | |||||
| 6278 | Introduction. The article discusses the principles of organizing a dialogue between users of social networks of entertainment radio. Modern convergent forms of media communication are realized at the intersection of discursive macrostructures. In particular, radio functions in social networks of the Internet as a multifactorial phenomenon, depending on the technological and ideological features of media sources, such as radio and the Internet. The innovative nature of the traditional source of information is manifested in the position of the addressee, which is due to the capabilities of the Internet user. The one-way communication method of analog radio acquires the qualities and capabilities of an interactive interaction model, the listener becomes a user, an active subject of discourse, his agent and content generator. Results and discussion. The analyzed material allows us to draw the following conclusions. The method of dialogue depends on the dominant macrostructures, which are either analog radio or social networkcommunication. The indicated macrostructures realize themselves at the level of values and the ideology of network communication. The macrostructure of the radio is explicated in the speech of the communicants in settings on the personal plan of interaction. The macrostructure implements an intersubject model of interaction. The macrostructure of social network communication manifests itself in the psycho-speech mechanisms of affiliation, namely, in the connection of speakers to the speech in order to actualize in public space, realizing a quasi-subject communication model. The second model does not show explicit markers of dialogue, but can be considered from the point of view of successful communication, given the general discursive perspective and the social-network form of organization of communication. Keywords: entertainment radio, discourse of radio in social networks, dialogical models of communication, context macro-structures | 937 | |||||
| 6279 | Introduction. The study of precedential phenomena is extremely important for modern linguistics. They can be explored in different spheres and aspects, which depends on the aims of research. This article deals with precedential phenomena in political discourse. Aim and objectives. The aim is a comparative research of national precedential phenomena which function in Russian political discourse and of their translation into the English language. The objectives of this paper are to define methodology of the research, to select the necessary language material and to find the ways of translation of precedential phenomena taken from Russian culture into English. Material and methods. The methodology of the research is based on the cognitive linguistics theory. The methods are cognitive modelling, discourse analysis, comparative analysis. The selection of the material was carried out with the solid sampling method. To analyze and systematize the material a method of description was used. The material for the study were sampled out from the official website of the Russian president Vladimir Putin. Results and discussion. The results of the research showed that political discourse is a very productive sphere for the creation of national precedential phenomena. As a rule, precedential phenomena in political discourse are very specific. Their source can be found either in the sphere of politics or historic events of the nation. Precedential phenomena in political discourse usually have a short life span. There types are precedential texts, names and expressions. While translating national precedential phenomena, interpreters prefer to use concrete definition, equivalents or analogues of phraseological units. Sometimes precedential phenomena are lost in translation. Conclusion. So national precedential phenomena represent an important characteristic of political discourse. They serve as a link between the author and the recipient, make the speech more vivid and emotional and influence the audience in a specific way. But their national peculiarities often impede the translation process. Anyway some knowledge of cultural sources is necessary for correct interpretation and understanding of precedential phenomena. Keywords: precedent, precedential phenomenon, precedential text, discourse, political discourse, translation of precedential phenomena | 937 | |||||
| 6280 | The article deals with the aesthetic component of a concept in imaginative literature. Conceptualization of an imaginary text is performed with the help of special esthetic means which reflect both cultural norms and trends of their time and place and an individual author’s approach to rendering of an esthetic ideal. Due to this esthetic component a work of art acquires on the one hand features, characteristic for the idiostyle of this or that writer, and on the other reflects the peculiarities of different artistic trends and styles. Catharsis is looked upon as an emotional flash, spiritual purification of a work of art’s addressee, as a perlocutionary effect of a successful comb ination of form and substance in a work of art, or in other words, of two components of a concept: a semantic and esthetic ones. Keywords: fiction, concept, emotiveness, esthetic information, catharsis, perlocutionary effect | 936 | |||||
| 6281 | Introduction. The article deals with the vocabulary of the modern journalistic text. The basis for the study are the German-language newspaper articles, which relate to the thematic category “politics”, the content of which reflects the changes in the political life of the country. The method of continuous sampling was the selection of appropriate lexical units from the data sources. The scientific novelty of the research consists in understanding the processes occurring in the word formation of the modern German language. Material and methods. Newspaper lexemes are the object of study. The goal-setting criterion in the work is the word-formation analysis of language material. In this regard, the most productive in modern German language turned out to be such methods of word-formation as word composition and word production. The revealed structural types of composites, a detailed description of their composition occupy a significant place in the work. The frequency components of such vocabulary in modern newspaper political texts are anglicisms. Internal bonding mechanisms influence the formation of the complex structure of composite units. In addition, the authors made an attempt to more or less generalize the semantics of the words that form the composites. The word-formation characteristic of the political newspaper lexicon takes into account the part of speech of the lexical units inherent in some grammatical features. The subject of research in the work, along with complex words, are also derived lexemes. Among them, derivative nouns as well as verbs predominate. Affixes, most of which are suffixes, are frequency ones. The methodological component of this study includes as the main method of component analysis, the method of wordformation models, descriptions. In summing up the results of the study, a quantitative method was used. Conclusion. The results of the study show the dominant position of the compound words revealed in the Germanlanguage political newspaper vocabulary. Borrowings from English are productive. Presented in General, the scientific justification can be used in the course of lexicology of the German language. The data obtained as a result of the study can be used in the preparation of analyses and reviews of trends in the development of modern German word formation. In conclusion, the prospects for further development of issues related to the word-formation specifics of the German-language journalistic vocabulary are outlined. Keywords: German-language newspaper lexemes, compounding, Englishisms, derivative words, structure, semantics | 936 | |||||
| 6282 | Introduction. The problem of the development of educational independence of children of primary school age is posed as the basic meta-subject competence, indicated in the educational standard. As the main way of developing educational independence, it is proposed to organize cooperation of different ages between students of the second and fourth grades. Aim. Description of the experience of conducting different-age lessons and presentation of the positive impact of different-age cooperation on the formation of educational independence. Material and methods. Analysis of literature sources in order to identify effective ways of different-age cooperation; development and testing of the stages of this technology; monitoring the activities of children in differentage groups; conducting and analyzing diagnostic work. Results and discussion. The pedagogical tasks that are realized by educational communication of children of different ages are highlighted. It is shown how it is possible to organize educational sessions of different ages on the topic «Phonetics», in which schoolchildren will communicate in a pair «second grader – fourth grader», completing tasks compiled for each other. There are three stages in the organization of such educational work: preparatory, at which interesting tasks are designed and drawn up; the main one, when children interact in a couple of different ages, and the reflexive one, where educational successes and difficulties are discussed together. The cycle of classes ends with a test on a topic with an educational content common to all children. Conclusion. The results of this work are given and the relationship between the subject results and the position in which the student’s academic independence was manifested is shown. It is concluded that the interaction of children of different ages, in which both the older and younger students have the opportunity to show their active (teaching) position, has a positive effect on internal motivation, communicative and regulatory actions, as well as on subject skills. Keywords: cooperation of different ages, educational independence, joint activity, subject and metasubject actions | 936 | |||||
| 6283 | The article considers with the questions of organization of estimation of school students in educational process in the subject “Physical culture”, pedagogical quality control of sports education of school students, fundamental principles of pedagogical control as the most essential situation reflecting the main regularities of the studied phenomenon. Pedagogical control, being the most important component of pedagogical system, has to be used as for an assessment of knowledge, and abilities of the trainee, and for estimation of the organization of educational process, the internal and external factors providing improvement of quality of sports education of school students in the subject “Physical culture”. The process of pedagogical control includes: object of control; means and control methods; performers of control and the corresponding documentation regulating assessment of control results, its regulatory support. In scientific and methodical literature there is a large number of researches devoted to discussion of the importance of pedagogical control of education quality, but, nevertheless, in modern student teaching there is the lack of harmonous methodological system regulating activity of control in the field of quality of sports education of school students. Keywords: pedagogical control, principles of pedagogical control, quality of sports education | 935 | |||||
| 6284 | The problem of the usage of project methods in the educational process of bachelors’ professional training in the pedagogical university is reviewed in the article. Particular attention is drawn to the interrelation between classroom and extracurricular work for the formation of professional competencies through project methods, since the right combination of extracurricular work with classroom provides greater flexibility and mobility of the entire system of educational activities in the pedagogical university. Effectiveness of this technique in future teachers’ professional training is empirically proven. The usage of this methodology is a demonstration of a highly qualified university teacher, his professionalism. Keywords: federal state educational standard, higher professional education, project methods, competence, foreign language, pedagogical university | 935 | |||||
| 6285 | The given article was published in the 1969 issue of the journal Memoirs of the Tomsk State University “Problems of Moral Substance and Mastery of Fiction”. However, the article on the forbidden play by Nikolay Erdman was extracted from the already published issue and was replaced. Guided by considerations of historical justice, we prepared the article by Nikolay Kiselev for publishing based on the remained copy of the journal and indicated the pages and typographical symbols. Only old orthography and punctuation were changed, some accidental mistakes were corrected; the text itself and bibliographical design kept an original form. The article was published thanks to the kind agreement of the relatives of Nikolay Kiselev which is greatly appreciated by the authors of the publication. Keywords: Nikolai Erdman’s comedy Suicide, drama, “forgotten” literature | 934 | |||||
| 6286 | The article considers special conditions that con¬tribute to the increased economic efficiency of a com¬pany's activity. It also touches upon the subjects of plan¬ning at different levels, the structure of cost formation and the problem of efficient organization of product dis¬tribution. | 933 | |||||
| 6287 | Discusses the allegorical expression of the communicative event ‘hospitality’ in Kalmyk, Russian and British paroemia. Hospitality is devoted to the basic values in the compared lingvocultures and has different symbols in Kalmyk, Russian and British evaluative worldview. The understanding of the allegorical characteristics of the communicative situation “hospitality” stresses out its general and specific features, its norms and regulations in the communicative consciousness. Hospitality is known as the act of generously providing care and kindness to whoever is in need. The analysis of Kalmyk and Russian paroemia points out that the phenomenon of hospitality in both languages is more associated with etiquette and entertainment. In British the concept of hospitality is valued in terms of protection. A host who granted a person's request for refuge was expected not only to provide food and shelter to his or her guest, but to make sure they did not come to harm while under their care. Keywords: allegory, hospitality, paroemia, Kalmyk, Russian, British lingvoculture | 933 | |||||
| 6288 | Introduction. The international experience of reforming the education system, indicating the emergence of new educational models is examined in this article. Aim and objectives. The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of practical experience in the use of innovative methods in teaching practice of various countries and assessment of the effectiveness of the learning process. Materials and methods. The methodological base of the study is the theoretical methods of comparative and system analysis, as well as statistical analysis of data for individual countries of the Europe and the USA. The study of methodological, analytical, pedagogical literature was devoted to the study of international experience in reforming the education system. The study was based on the experience presented in international publications in collections of scientific articles and scientific and methodological periodicals. Results and discussion. The educational policy of developed countries is based on educational analytics. Government bodies, political parties and public associations strive to increase the effectiveness of the education system in accordance with the objectives of the development of society. Formats of educational programs are changing. The introduction of new technologies into the educational process, such as gamification, robotic platforms, artificial intelligence, and the integration of these technologies into educational programs, is presented. Conclusion. The effectiveness of the use of new educational technologies based on innovations with transformational content and their didactic potential are evaluated. It is concluded that many technologies, for example, such as gamification, require further study of their application. As a result, the effectiveness of the technologies used by the educational community is mainly confirmed by an increase in the productivity of the educational process, motivation and the level of readiness of students to study in intelligent educational environments. Keywords: education, models, efficiency, technology, didactic potential, digital resources | 933 | |||||
| 6289 | The article considers the experience of realization of the system of social-pedagogical preventions of the repeated juvenile delinquency at vocanional school of the closed type. Reveals the objectives and content of the forms of prevention (vocational counseling, psychological and pedagogical support of development of pupils’ individual, return of the pupil to the open society), the use of which during the application, main, graduation and postprevention periods of prevention formes the ability of self-socialization in the conditions of an open society. Shows the orientation of prevention at the enrichment of the juvenile with positive social experience, adapting the person in the system of social connections and relationships, empowering it with social action technologies, the formation of a sustainable strategy for personal self-realization, forming an alternative of crime. Keywords: social-pedagogical prevention, periods of social-pedagogical prevention, social-pedagogical diagnostics | 932 | |||||
| 6290 | Modern society needs responsible persons who have developed intelligence, spiritual and moral qualities, which are able to make their own decisions. For this reason the teacher should pay much attention to the development of pupils at each level of education. The author refers to the history of education and psychology in order to find answers to fundamental questions in understanding the problems of personality development: 1. What is the process of personality development? 2. What factors affect it? 3. What is meant by the word «person» at the present stage? The article traces how the teachers formulated the problem of personality development in the various educational systems, identifies the similarities and differences of these systems, the characteristic features of learning in each of them. Keywords: personal development, didactic system, person, people, individual, individuality, development, formation, education | 932 | |||||
| 6291 | The article presents some results of research conducted by the Institute of social pedagogics RAO (2003) and laboratory of theory and practice of rural school development of Petrozavodsk state University (2014–2015). The modern stage of modernization of Russian education is characterized as socio-cultural and is understood as a correlate of two trends – globalization and regionalization. The author compares the evaluation the effectiveness of the past decade’s reforms, given by the rural teachers, and reveals that the modernization of education in rural areas has not met their expectations according to the basic parameters of reforming. It is concluded that a negative evaluation is caused, in particular, by the fact that rural pedagogical community does not take an active role in the reform. Keywords: modernization, restructuring and reforming of education, sociocultural modernization of education, rural teaching staff, the doer, the subject, the actor | 931 | |||||
| 6292 | The article deals with the foundation and development of underground archeology in Russia. It includes a review of historiography of the researches issue, establishment of the discipline methodology and practical execution of the first underground archeological expeditions. The author uses popular language to emphasize the need to take a more balanced approach to saving the underground cultural heritage in Russia, need to engage only highly qualified specialists in excavations and increasing liability for unlawful excavations at archeological landmarks. It is dedicated to the search and research of underwater archaeological sites identified with the ancient Greek settlement in the northern Black Sea coast of the ancient times. The description of the process of its exploration and colonization is illustrated by the myth of the Argonauts and by different underwater archeological finds. On this basis the author supposes that in XV–XIV centuries b.c. the Black Sea area has been already explored enough by ancient navigators. Keywords: Underground archology methods, expeditions activities, historiography of research into underground cultural heritage landmarks, EPRON at service of USSR humanitarian science | 931 | |||||
| 6293 | This article is devoted to the analysis of anthropomorphic metaphors in the English terminological system of oil and gas industry. The theoretical basis relies on the cognitive approach to metaphor, mostly on the conceptual theory of metaphor. The author describes the cognitive scheme “the oil and gas industry is a human being”. It was revealed that anthropomorphic metaphorization is one of the most effective ways of term-forming in the sphere of oil and gas. In the result of metaphorization, new terms are formed based on a cognitive mapping of lexical units, referring to the structure of human body, to a specific branch of study regarding external or functional similarities between the source domain and the target domain. The author considers the metaphorical shifting of anatomical structure of the human body, namely human face and the organs located on it, which proved to be an important source of metaphorization in creating English oil and gas terms. The analysis of the two constituent parts of this notional zone and revealing the cognitive structure schemes of their elements made it possible to bring to light the grounds of metaphoric shifting, as well as the modes of perception used in the process of metaphorization. Keywords: oil and gas terminology, anthropomorphic metaphor, the notional zone, cognitive structures, modes of perception in the process of metaphorization | 931 | |||||
| 6294 | Introduction. This article describes the use of phraseological units with the word component “time” on the basis of texts from the literary works of the English writer Margaret Drabble (1939). Aim and objectives. The article aims to describe the actual usage of modern English phraseological units with the component “time”. The author’s language within the scope of the chosen material is considered as well. Material and methods. The research material includes main novels of the author of the sixties and seventies of the twentieth century and two modern novels: “Garrick Year” (1964), “The Millstone” (1965) “Jerusalem the Golden” (1967), “The Needle’s Eye” (1972), “The Realms of Gold” (1975), “The Ice Age” (1977), “The Sea Lady” (2006), “The Pure Gold Baby” (2013). Results and discussion. The article considers phaseological contexts in detail concerning their semantics and style. Set expressions are distinguished by the following meaning: repeatability, duration, time interval, time point, time relations, time scale and subjectively estimated time. Within each group there is an additional separation by differential seme. Repeatability: constantly, often, sometimes, never. Duration: long, very long, short, very short. Time period: a certain or indefinite period, characterized by an activity or condition. Time point: favorable, unfavorable. Temporary relations: the beginning / end of an action, simultaneity, precedence, sequence, advance, at the time arranged, late and almost late. Timeline: present, past, future. Subjectively estimated time: long or short, pleasant or unpleasant. Conclusion. Phraseological contexts are found in normal and occasional forms. Features of the author’s style are especially evident in occasional forms of use. The actual material and conclusions of this work can be applied in teaching special aspects of phraseological stylistics and the use of modern English set expressions in speech. Keywords: component “time”; set expression; author’s style; phraseological unit | 931 | |||||
| 6295 | Duality symmetries are used to organise symmetry orbits of supergravity black-hole solutions and to display their relation to extremal (i.e. BPS) solutions at the limits of such orbits. An important technique for this analysis uses a timelike dimensional reduction and exchanges the stationary black-hole problem for a nonlinear sigma-model problem. Families of BPS solutions are characterized by nilpotent orbits under the duality symmetries, based upon a tri-graded or penta-graded decomposition of the corresponding duality group algebra. Keywords: supergravity, black-holes, duality symmetries, sigma-model | 930 | |||||
| 6296 | The article considers additional education in the specialty “Translator in professional communications”. Further intensification of the world integration processes in the sphere of science and business increases the urgency of this area and the need for professional translators. The article identifies the professional competences; the formation of these competences is the aim of a successful educational process, notably communicative, cross-cultural, technological. Currently the main important feature of the education of future translators is the increasing importance of their technological competence. Technical progress and reforms in the Russian education system are the cause for the more active use of technical means, first of all Internet resources and Translation Memory in the learning process. Keywords: additional education, Translator in professional communications, professional competences, technological competence, Translation Memory | 930 | |||||
| 6297 | At the present stage of development literature of many Russian ethnic groups acquire the pronounced “woman’s face” and the Komi literature is not an exception. Most actively the female author refers to the lyric poetry. Among talented komi poetesses, who presented at the turn of XX–XXI centuries the variety of forms of lyrical interpretation of reality, stands out in the self-presentation Anzhelika Elfimova. Her poetic worldview is based on the so-called “lyrical introversion”, which founds an organic form in character of the heroine, in particular, in specifics of her expressional speech behavior and the “closed” vital space. On the material of national poetry we research the forms of embodiment of introverted consciousness in the poetic text – the consciousness, which doesn’t go beyond the sphere of love experiences, gravitating to the critical attitude to themselves and others, to the statement of her own – different – worldview. Anzhelika Elfimova “opens” a new lyrical character in the komi female poetry – impulsive, categorical, courageously expressing innermost and often not always light sides of her inner world, not interested to adapt for the system of values developed by society. Keywords: the latest Komi poetry, female lyrics, lyrical heroine, lyrical experience of love, “physicality” of world perception, “physiology” of poetic images, introversion, introspective character, speech behavior, vital space, hyperbole, litote, locus of home (ho | 929 | |||||
| 6298 | The article dwells on the features of interaction between the collective and state farms of Western Siberia and the organizations of the “Soyuzselkhoztekhnika”. Based on the analysis and generalization of archival material and statistical data, the author defines the tendencies of agricultural services formation in the region. The article also analyzes the problems of mechanization of agricultural production, the supply of machinery, equipment and fertilizers, organization of equipment repair. The author concludes that the service companies turned into staging posts of material resources of the administrative district. The companies “Selkhoztekhnika (Agritechnique)” and “Selkhozkhimiya (Agrichemistry)” acting in the realities of the planned economy, dictated their conditions to the collective and state farms. Because of that they received high profit, excluding the results of the agricultural year. Because of repair work poor quality and failure to meet contractual obligations on time, the agricultural service companies did not contribute the expected improvements in the timely preparation of the tractor fleet and land application of chemicals into the regional collective and state farms. Keywords: agrarian policy, agriculture, collective and state farms, Soyuzselkhoztekhnika, Western Siberia | 929 | |||||
| 6299 | The article presents the analysis of pronunciation of some difficult German sounds by Russian respondents of musical and others specialities. All Russian respondents were examined by speech therapist, otolaryngologist, neurologist and linguist. Otolaryngologist and neurologist eliminated ear, throat and nervous system pathology in the examined respondents. Speech therapist’s examination included a study of expressive speech, impressive speech, phonemic hearing and practical functions. Linguistic research included repetition of some difficult for Russians German sounds (ö, eu, ei, ng, r, e, ü, ch, h). The results of interdisciplinary research showed that respondents of musical specialities have greater probability of correct pronunciation of German difficult sounds than the respondents of other specialties. Keywords: German, pronunciation, Russian respondents, linguistic experiment | 929 | |||||
| 6300 | Introduction. We are continuing the cycle of works on historical development of some constructions of spoken English interaction. The article deals with the early history of tag-questions focusing on the beginning of the Age of Enlightenment. Aim and objectives. Some constructions with tag-questions from the texts of the certain historical period were investigated to find their lexical, phonetic and grammatical (structural, punctual) particularities and to compare them with the same constructions of Renaissance period. Material and methods. Exemplifying sentences are taken from the works written by English authors from 1688 to 1730. Drama and novel texts are used as a source. The methods of theoretical analysis of linguistic concepts, total selection of the material, linguistic research of language facts, comparative analysis are applied. Results and discussion. Three groups and ten types of the structures are distinguished. The base of groups differentiating is the existence of lexical and grammatical connection between the anchor (the main clause) and the tag. The base of the types differentiating is the content of the tags. So-called canonical tag-questions like He is a student, isn’t he? and other structures (containing predicative tags like He is a student, you say? and non-predicative tags like He is a student, eh?) are under analysis. Tag-questions from the texts of two epochs – Renaissance and Enlightenment are compared. The discussion consists of authorial choice of lexical means, the arrangement of words in the tags, the place of tags in the anchors, the peculiarities of graphical representation of the constructions in the texts. Conclusion. Some changes in word order in the tags and in the tags positions in the anchors have been found. The results can be used to conduct further researches as well as to provide lectures in Language History, Theoretical Grammar, etc. Keywords: syntax of the English language, historical syntax of the English language, tag-question, language change | 929 | |||||