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| 4951 | The hypothesis about wave bunches of coherent neuronal activity as units of human interna! world was verified in experiments. Some new quantitative regularities relating to memory capacity and the speed of information processing were derived from neurophysiology prerequisite. It was shown that new regularities predict experimental data better than well known ones like G. Miller's rule and W. Hick's law. | 907 | |||||
| 4952 | In this article the problems of man's socialization in the organization are considered. This finds a reflection in the administrative processes of the organization. The forms of expression of man's socialization are worked out here. One of the forms is social partnership. Then the accent to the covering of the social partnership tech¬nology and its place in administrative process is made by the author. | 907 | |||||
| 4953 | The article considers the opportunity of solving the problem of non-linguistic students’ independent work organization by way of Web 2.0 integration into learning process. It outlines the advantages of using Web 2.0 over traditional means of studies based on Internet. The paper gives the example of how to make a learner’s web-project on English. Keywords: learning competence, independent work, information technologies, Web 2.0, blog, English. | 907 | |||||
| 4954 | Social and biological constituents in role representations on long-term partnership by female junior university students were studied The study revealed strong discrepancies between biological and social constituents. Subjects postpone marriage and bearing children for an indefinite period while having a concurrent sizable value of family. Female junior students considered more attractive males with masculine face in the context of long-term partnership. Despite, they expected role behavioral pattern that was not distinctive for masculine males. Keywords: long-term partnership, biological evolution, social evolution, masculinity, femininity. | 907 | |||||
| 4955 | The problems of Master’s Degree Programme development as a new degree of University education in Russian practice are considered in this article on the date of a survey conducted in Tomsk State Pedagogical University. Keywords: Bachelor’s Degree Programme, Master’s Degree Programme, Postgraduate Study Programme, teachers of high qualification, lecture, independent work of students | 907 | |||||
| 4956 | In this article there is reflected the influence of education on the economic development bin the modern situations and efficacy of investations into the sphere of education. The theory and the main tendencies of development of human being conceptions. The principles of management of economic development of educational factors are summarized and perfected in this article. Keywords: educational complex, innovations, the innovational development of economy, educational approach, human capital, economic increase, educational process, labour resources | 907 | |||||
| 4957 | We present the methodological aspects of Master teacher education in the field of life safety from the perspective of a systematic, integrative approaches and competence. The essence of the methodical training of masters, are considered structural components of training: motivational, informative, design, procedure, evaluative-productive. There were identified special competence of masters, formed in the process of teaching learning disciplines. Keywords: methodological training of masters, and methodological approaches to the methodical training of masters, the components of methodical preparation | 907 | |||||
| 4958 | The article schows the key social and economic core of the commercial operation of the institute of advanced vocational education (APE). From the standpoint of the theory of investment in human capital it is considered the value of this system for a single specialist and the general public. Based on the structural analysis of the dynamics of employment by sector we described the likely prospects for this institution in Russia. Keywords: vocational training, life cycle specialist education, human capital, investment mechanism, structural changes, cross-sectoral balance | 907 | |||||
| 4959 | The article deals with the need to implement education in the interest of sustainable development in contemporary practice of pedagogical education; it outlines the main conceptual statements and recommendation for the reorientation of pedagogical education in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. Keywords: sustainable development, education for sustainable development, pedagogical education, contemporary approaches of education | 907 | |||||
| 4960 | The publication is devoted to the analysis of the concepts “development” and “productivity” as the basic valuable reference of Russian education. Terminological shortcomings of the conceptual apparatus of pedagogy and its implications in the practice of education are displayed. The tendency to increase the role of productivity as a valuable reference for the education system in the Russian Federation is showed. Keywords: education system, valuableeference, development and productivity | 907 | |||||
| 4961 | The article demonstrates the experience of work for the student training for the unified state exam on mathematics at the institutions of post-secondary education as one of the directions of realization of the continuous mathematical education in the system «school – pre-university education – university – postgraduate education, self-education». The basic recommendations for the student training for the unified state exam on mathematics in view of the features of the exam in the test form are proposed. Keywords: continuous mathematical education, training for the unified state exam, quality improvement of school education | 907 | |||||
| 4962 | The article outlines ancient word semantics as a part of morphemic structure of negative pronouns and negative particles. Negative pronouns were formed on the base of interrogative pronouns and depended on general negative sentence semantics. Names of unreal world objects served as a source of origin for negative particles. Keywords: the Selkup language, dialect, semantics, historical word formation, negative pronoun, negative particle | 907 | |||||
| 4963 | The author investigates a semiotic function of religious architecture. Sacred building (a temple) is a specific visual semiotic unit, fixing main religious and cultural content. The concept of “sacred place”, shifting from temple to the city, translates local historical meanings and related visual markers on a habitable environment in general. Methods of architectural design of sacral topos in the national culture are investigated on the example of the most important sacred buildings. Three semiotic paradigms of sacred meanings transfer in architecture are identified: the transfer of ideas, the image transfer and the copying. Keywords: architecture, religion, culture, semiotic transfer | 907 | |||||
| 4964 | The article is devoted to studying the image of Polish diaspora of Siberia in modern Poland. The materials under study were publications in the monthly journal written in Russian “Новая Польша” (The New Poland) issued in Poland since 1999. The linguistic means creating the image considering the binary opposition “friend – foe” are being analyzed in this work. The analysis of periodicals has shown that in narrations about Poles in Siberia the exiled Poles are in the limelight. Their inclusion into “friends” by modern Polish society is observed. The vocabulary markers of two levels are met: group level (our) and personal (my). It was defined that among the properties allowing considering the exiled Poles as “friends” are as follows: birth in Poland, the status of exiled, i. e. forcible transfer to Siberia in XIX century or in the middle of ХХ, lack of mindset to integrate with the Siberian society, striving for good education. As the exiled Poles are considered being “friends”, their perception of Siberia as of the place for exile became one of the main components of historical perception of Poles and therefore the self-identification aspect. The information about modern Siberian Poles on the pages of “Новая Польша” newspaper looks more decent. However it is observed that while their description the vocabulary characterizing Siberian Poles with a definite degree of “foreignness” is often met. The Poland nominates are often observed when creating the image of modern Siberian Poles; however the rest context of the text makes them lose their value. Being born in Siberia and its perception as the motherland as well as loss of Polish language became the main factors of distance formation. Therefore, the application of binary opposition “friend – foe” showed the double nature of perception of Polish diaspora in Siberia by Polish society. Exiled Poles are felt closer and therefore defined as “friends”. Some kind of foreignness is seen in regards to modern Siberian Poles. Keywords: media discourse, Poles, Siberia, Poland, “friend – foe”, ethnic identity | 907 | |||||
| 4965 | The article considers the opportunity of creating learning-methodological complex in physics as an open electronic resource (disciplinary blog) on the internet, intended for both full-time and part-time students of higher education. Teacher's blog serves as an independent discipline educational resource that meets the requirements of the pedagogical design and presents the content of the discipline as part of the information and educational environment of the University. The priority of the proposed model is for part-time students, it can also be used in full-time education, in particular for organization of students’ home work. The practical implementation of the models was carried out for the first-year students of TPU Institute of distance education at their place of residence without arrival for the exam session in the university. Keywords: methods of teaching physics, digital educational resources, web 2.0 services, open education | 907 | |||||
| 4966 | As a part of the interdisciplinary analysis the article suggests the description of native and foreign ethnological conceptions which allow deeper comprehension of the content of a number of concepts: “ethnos”, “ethnicselfconsience”, “ethnic identification”, “forms of expressions of ethnetic self-conscience”, “ethnetic individuality”. There were two opposing theories of ethnicity in Soviet and post-Soviet science – Yu. V. Bromley’s and L. N. Gumilev’s concepts. We examine the role of a theoretical framework to organize the process of ethno-cultural education of schoolchildren and their adequate formation (positive) ethnic identity, which is extremely important for the modern generation living in a multicultural environment. Keywords: ethnos, features of ethnos, ethnetic self-consience, ethnic identification, forms of expression of ethnetic self identification, ethnetic individuality | 907 | |||||
| 4967 | Based on literature data, addresses a wide range of biological functions of metallothioneins, including transport of metals in the body, protection of oxidative stress, as well as their use as a diagnostic test of intoxication, including heavy metals poisoning. Methodologically justified the possible exchange of metallothionein with oxidative modification of proteins and lipids (spontaneous and metal-initiated). Proposed the application of monitoring of appropriate tests in the system, with a certain level of average molecular weight as a parameter of intoxication, including the effects of heavy metals to detect dynamics of metallothionein correlations in the body under the conditions of oxidative stress. Keywords: metallothioneins oxidative modification of proteins and lipids, monitoring | 907 | |||||
| 4968 | In the context of the implementation of the Strategy for the Development of Education in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, attention is being paid to the Cadet system of education, which has a special potential in the development of patriotism among children, respect for the history and culture of the native country, spirituality and morality, honor and dignity, duty and readiness for service to the Fatherland. The article focuses on the development of social experience in students, which is regarded as one of the goals and results of the educational process. The specificity of the Cadet schools is conditioned by the fact that the rules of life and the daily routine of the pupils are based on the All- Military Charters, are strictly regulated and are constantly monitored by the teachers and the administration of the institution. At the same time, the need to create conditions for the development of pupils as free personalities capable of self-development, to make decisions, to realize their own abilities, plans and projects is emphasized. The developed model of the education of students in the cadet school is oriented towards the formation of such social experience among the cadets. The model will ensure the formation of cadets’ experience of self-determination in choice situations, development of leadership qualities, an active creative position, readiness for self-realization in social practice. Examples of the educational activities of the Cadet School, the structural subdivision of the State Security Service of the School No. 1770 («Moscow Cadet Music Corps (Girls)» and «Moscow Cadet Music Corps (boys)»), indicate ways for the Cadets to prepare for self-actualization in creative activity; components of the educational process in the cadet school, the traditions of the general educational institution with musical cadet classes, the important role of the family in the organization of the educational process in the cadet school. Keywords: cadet school, education, modeling, self-realization space, school and family interaction | 907 | |||||
| 4969 | Revelation of results of children educational activity, learning at institutions of additional education, remains one of the most defined in connection with absence of united educational standard in this sphere. This variant of diagnostics is one of the possible approach to the decision of the problem of educational result estimation. Keywords: additional education, children, diagnostics, testing | 906 | |||||
| 4970 | In this article the author made the folklore analysis and classified the plots of Khanty prosaic texts collected and translated into Russian by Steinitz in 1936. The author applied a new approach to folklore classification, based on plot action. Keywords: khants, classification, folklore analysis, motive, plot, action, text | 906 | |||||
| 4971 | The article represents semiotic system investigation results. The system contents are the Russian alphabet letter signs. It is shown that the letter signs are logically connected and are semiotic elements of personality cognitive sphere symbolic and conceptual level. Keywords: personal cognitive sphere, structure, letter signs, quantity specter | 906 | |||||
| 4972 | The article is devoted to the contemporary social and educational networking technologies: technologies of volunteerism, which creates conditions for an open society with all categories of people and development of social activity of young people. Keywords: volunteering, voluntary movement, direction of volunteer activities | 906 | |||||
| 4973 | The article deals with the process of the development of the modal verb mцgen in German, based on the materials of Gothic, Old, Middle and Early New High German languages; the text’s frequency is calculated, the analysis of the contexts promoting the development of new values is carried out, mechanisms of the semantic changes happening in the development of preterite-present verb into the modal verb are defined. Keywords: modal verb, text frequency, context-induced reinterpretation, bridging context, switch context | 906 | |||||
| 4974 | The development of creative relations between V. Ivanov and A. Blok is investigated. It is shown, that in the beginning of friendship the two poets were delighted with each other, but at the end of history of symbolic school there was no harmony in their relations. The main point of the polemics was the essence of symbolism. Ivanov wrote that symbolism had to be religious art; Blok thought that art might be free of any political or religious idea. Keywords: creativity, art, V. Ivanov, A. Blok, russian symbolism, russian aesthetics of the beginning of 20th century | 906 | |||||
| 4975 | In this article the position of the woman in the environment of the ruling elite in France and Germany in the first half of the 17th century is considered based on the available data in modern historiography. It’s focused on the questions of specificity existence of the ruling elite, as political representation, institute of regents, female court and others. Keywords: France, Germany, the first half of the 17th century, the female ruling elite | 906 | |||||
| 4976 | The Institute of Applied Informatics of Tomsk State Pedagogical University has created and tested a hardwaresoftware complex for conducting educational activities for distant training. Keywords: distance education, information technology, open-source software | 906 | |||||
| 4977 | The article describes the process of teaching students aimed at the foreign communicative competence development by means of the problem-solving tasks system. The stages and the results of the experiment research are presented in detail. The effectiveness of the tested system of problem-solving tasks in the process of the students’ foreign communicative competence development is experimentally proved. Keywords: foreign communicative competence, problem-solving task, experiment, results, effectiveness | 906 | |||||
| 4978 | The article is devoted to the investigation of the problem of psychological availability of the teacher to the constructive pedagogical communication, which is free of acting and tampering. The authors examined the components of psychological availability to the confrontation of tampering in the communication with teenagers (operative, motivational, cognitive and emotionally-determined) and described empirical discovered characteristics of their development and appearance in the teacher of modern school. Keywords: psychological availability, operative component, motivation component, motivational component, cognitive component, emotionally-determined component, tampering influence | 906 | |||||
| 4979 | The author examines main directions of economic analyses of conditions for forming and development of regional clusters. He also investigates preliminary appraisal of concrete region reflecting industrial and innovational potential of the territory and creating opportunities for forming and developing regional clusters. Keywords: cluster, competitiveness, gross regional product, investments, innovational activity | 906 | |||||
| 4980 | In the article the problem of identity is represented as a complex concept, combined with mental health. Individuality is seen as a complex concept, combined with the mental health as a manifestation of individuality, the image of I. Ascertaining experiment was conducted to identify the level of development of gender identity, the selflevel and the level of internality of boys – teenagers and girls – teenagers. There was presented the analysis of the research level of internality of teenagers and their self-attitude, their impact on gender identity. There was identified the correlation between gender identity and the self-attitude and gender identity and the level of internality of boys and girls – teenagers. It is proved that the gender experience of psychological research can be extremely useful, opening up new scientific and practical research prospects. It determines social and psychological criteria problems at the present stage in the relationship with mental health. The scientific novelty is presented in consideration of the formation of gender identity in relation to the mental health of adolescents. The hypothesis of our study presented in this article is as follows: the level of internality and the level of selfattitude the level of gender identity. Thus, there was revealed the relationship between gender identity, self-attitude and gender identity and the level of internality separately for teenage boys and for teanage girls, then the results were compared with each other. Keywords: mental health, adolescent gender identity, micro-social-environmental factors, self-esteem, socialization of adolescents | 906 | |||||
| 4981 | This article analyses the russian emigre poet Nicolay Otsup’s poems. In his emigre works death becomes the main motif. The 1930th Otsup’s works reflect the spiritual crisis of emigration, the hard search for God and His essence. Otsup borrows a lot from G. Ivanov and G. Adamovich, and at the same time his poems are deeply individual. Poet’s existential sufferings have religious connotations and thus lack the last feeling of despair. The 1930th works contain incipiency to religious notion, that is characteristic of his 1940th–50th years’ works. The poets’s route from “the philosophy of tragedy” to “philosophy of hope” explains his postwar fate and Otsup’s creative works, poet explains the sufferings, on the verge of the disaster he finds love of life. Keywords: Russian emigre Literature, lyrics of N. Otsup, motif of death and existentialism | 906 | |||||
| 4982 | The article deals with the specifics of psychosocial, cognitive and physical development of children of primary school age in relation to mental health. The main objectives of the proposed study are to establish a clear picture of the modern younger schoolchild in ontogeny in the system of theoretical concepts and empirical knowledge; the formation of a holistic approach to mental health, a special way of thinking, defined by the guiding principles of domestic and foreign psychology, modern understanding of the basic categories of developmental psychology on the segment of primary school age. Presented psychodiagnostic study of younger schoolchildren of their mental development based on the biopsychosocial approach. The result of which the data leads to the conclusion that the process of adaptation of first-graders to school depends on the characteristics of emotional and volitional and personal spheres, that is the basis of mental health. Keywords: primary school age, mental health, adaptation, ontogenesis | 906 | |||||
| 4983 | The present article dwells on the possibilities of the extension of the precedent phenomena vocabulary by means of the use of word formation resources. The article presents four ways of word formation on the base of precedent names: deonymic stem composition, deonymic conversion, deonymic overlapping and deonymic derivation. A particular attention is paid to the phenomenon of deonymic derivation – a way of formation of the appellatives on the base of precedent names by means of affixation. The result of deonymic derivation is a formation of new lexical items, which possess the precedent status. Among them several word classes can be distinguished specifically nouns, adjectives and verbs. Each of these classes retains the set of qualities and peculiarities rooted in precedent names. Typical suffixes used in the formation of new nouns are e.g. (er)ei, isierung and ung. In the sphere of adjectives following suffixes can be used: ig, isch, weise. New verbs can be formed with the suffixes en, eln, (is)ieren and so on. Deonymic derivation is a very creative word formation method. The new precedent deonymic constructs are as a rule resources of the expressive language and therefore they are often used in media discourse and in the speech of politicians. They keep the shades of meaning and semes rooted in the original precedent names and subsequently form a new group of precedent phenomena. Keywords: cognitive linguistics, precedence, theory of precedence, precedent name, word formation, deonymic derivation | 906 | |||||
| 4984 | The article examines the issue of reception and comprehension of Italian nature in the journey diaries and letters of S. P. Shevyrev, the author belonging to the group of the Lubomudry. Italy was an important part of Shevyrev’s life and creativity, therefore it became a particular imagological phenomenon in his texts. As a significant component of the image of Italy, nature expresses some features of the country in general and interacts with other aspects of its image: historical, aesthetical (for example, Italian literature and pictorial art), social ones. From the point of view of the Russian traveler, the national character of the Italians (their sincere belief in God, sense of beauty, carelessness) depends on the soft climate and picturesque landscapes. Texts created by Vergil, Petrarch, Tasso, Ariosto reflect Italian nature, and images of these authors are tied with it in Shevyrev’s creativity. Nature was highly important for the intensive development of Italy in the Roman Empire and the Renaissance epochs, which is obvious in Shevyrev’s diaries and letters. Besides, Italian nature (images of the Vesuvius, the island Ischia, the sea, etc.) is associated with ontological senses and remains the ideal of beauty and harmony. In Shevyrev’s diaries and letters, traditional romantic interpretation of Italy as of a cultural myth, an earthly paradise coexists with individual comprehension and philosophical accents. These features correspond to the specificity of the cultural dialogue between Russia and Italy in the creativity of the Lubomudry. Keywords: the Lubomudry, Russian romanticism, Italian text, landscape | 906 | |||||
| 4985 | Pichurin L. F. . // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1997. Issue 2 (2). P. 10-11 . | 905 | |||||
| 4986 | Filimonov M. V. . // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 6 (9). P. 68-69 . | 905 | |||||
| 4987 | Osipova O. A. . // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 4 (13). P. 42-49 . | 905 | |||||
| 4988 | The paper reveals a number of potentialities whose realization will help to avoid the students’ typical mistakes which cannot be avoided while they mechanically transfer the properties of numerical fields on the fields of nonzero characteristics | 905 | |||||
| 4989 | The concrete educational problems are offered for using at lessons of mathematics in natural-mathematical senior forms of secondary schools, that will ensure a possibility of inter subject integration intensification. The necessity and possibility of instruction in mathematic operation not foresaw by modern educational standards – vector product – are substantiated | 905 | |||||
| 4990 | The present paper describes the experience of applications of informational and computer technologies used in professional training of students majoring in Teaching Physics as well as teaching methods used to form skills necessary for work with modern physical lab and demonstrational equipment. Keywords: physics, information technology | 905 | |||||
| 4991 | The present article is about the social role of man in the modern world, and regularities of Russian development. Keywords: globalization, personality, anthropogenic culture, national character, new value system, picture of the world, spirituality, systematical crisis, developing system | 905 | |||||
| 4992 | The article is dedicated to the use of the modern technologies in the practice of the professional and methodical training of pedagogic personnel in geographical education. The results of the effectiveness degree expertise of pedagogical technologies, directed on the formation of the basic components of methodical competence and methodical thinking of the geography teacher, forming the basis of his methodical system and providing the readiness for pedagogic activity, are under analysis. Keywords: methodical preparation of teachers of geography, assessment of the efficiency of pedagogical technologies, analysis of expert assessments | 905 | |||||
| 4993 | Energy metabolism was studied in poisoned rat liver tissue after application of sapropel lipid extracts and its fractions. Total extract and its polar fractions affected distinctly the energy metabolism and ultrastructure of hepatocytes. The restoring influence of sapropel lipids appears to occur due to hoth their chemical composition and adaptogenic effect on intracellular reparation. Keywords: liver, sapropel, lipids, ultrastructure of hepatocytes | 905 | |||||
| 4994 | The article is devoted to studying of similar and distinctive features of a genre of a sonnet in creativity of the European masters of poetry (mainly in U.Shekspir’s creativity) and the Azerbaijanian poets (on an example of creativity of Adil Babayev). It is here too spoken about history of occurrence and sonnet development in the countries of Europe and in Azerbaijan, basic principles and rules that are necessary for observing to the poets addressing to this genre of poetry irrespective of language and places of creation are specified. Besides, convincing arguments in favor of preservation of national color and traditional poetic means are resulted at use of the form of a sonnet in various national literatures. Keywords: a sonnet, European, Azerbaijanian, similar and distinctive features | 905 | |||||
| 4995 | Russian society is in need of the people that quickly adapt to the changing world, are capable for continuous selfeducation and self-improvement. Therefore, the quality of subjectivity becomes the leitmotif of the educational process at the university. The fullest development of this quality can be the result of reflexive cognitive activity. The article offeres an idea of level representation of cognitive educational activity of the student: operational activity - cognitive activity – reflexive activity – individual activity. It is based on the transition of the subject from one mode of interaction with the text of the cultural reality to another. Reflection is the basis, the means and the result of cognitive activity of the student. One important feature of the construction of the educational process with regard to the level structure is a non-technological approach to it. Educational practice is the practice of creative interaction with the student, which gives rise to his own mechanisms of interaction with the culture of the text. Educational practices let you organize the interaction with the student taking into account his subjective capabilities. Keywords: personality, educational event, reflection, subject, subjectivity, cognitive activity | 905 | |||||
| 4996 | The availability of historical sources is the basis that significantly increases the objectivity of the study. Such historical documents are significant when studying political parties within the framework of modern Russian history, in order to avoid excessive politicization of judgments. Studying of history of creation and functioning of «parties in power» is directly connected with involvement in scientific turnover of regulations, data of archival funds, periodicals, propaganda materials and others. It allows to expand the range of information on this problem, creates conditions for carrying out the system analysis of activities of data of the organizations in the specific region. Analyzing conditions of the source base of work, it is necessary to state that insufficient representation in archival funds of the documents which are handed over by political parties and the politized movements became the main problem of the use of sources. Nevertheless, it would be desirable to note that this lack was met by the complex use of other groups of sources, at the same time the basis of source base owing to specifics of an object and an object of research was constituted by periodicals materials. In general the provided source base is sufficient for the solution of effective objectives and tasks both in quantitative sense, and in high-quality representativeness of the provided materials. Keywords: party in power, historical sources, documents of political parties, periodicals, memoirs literature, reference media | 905 | |||||
| 4997 | The article discusses social entrepreneurship as a new phenomenon in the field of studies of educational activities. Theoretical appeal to the capabilities of the network approach to the development of socio-entrepreneurial competence as an educational outcome is urgent. The author proves the point of view that the forms of educational support of young people during the process of entering social and entrepreneurial activities become forms that accompany formation of the community in the social network. These forms provide both preparation of a person for this type of activity and formation of social entrepreneurship as a special value that unites and determines forms of the community members’ life. The article considers possibilities of the project approach and anthropological content of the network model of education for establishing subjects of social entrepreneurship, and youth communities as subjects of development of social and entrepreneurial activity of the region. Discusses the possibility of the project approach and the anthropological content of the network model of education for the development of the subjects of social entrepreneurship, youth communities as subjects of development of socio-entrepreneurial activities in the region. The practical value of the research is in identification of the stages of development of socio-entrepreneurial competences of young people as well as in the study of social networks as a unique condition for formation and existence of a community network of young people, which solves the tasks aimed to implement local social and business communities. These stages underlay the program of educational support aimed to develop social and entrepreneurial competence of young people. Keywords: education, network approach, social entrepreneurship, competence | 905 | |||||
| 4998 | Based on the letters and memoirs of N. V. Shelgunov, V. O. Kovalevsky, N. G. Chernyshevsky and modern critical works, the phenomenon of emergence of marriage of convenience in Russia is considered. Untypical family models with a new attitude towards women are being investigated. The gender approach reveals a gradual change in the public consciousness of the role of women in the family and society. The article analyzes historical preconditions for the emergence of such a cultural phenomenon as marriage of convenience. The real implementation of the theory of “reasonable egoism”, proclaimed by N. G. Chernyshevsky in the novel “What Is to Be Done?”, is being studied. On the examples of family life of M. A. Obrucheva – P. I. Bokov, L. P. Mikhaelis – N. V. Shelgunov, S. V. Kovalevskaya – V. O. Kovalevsky and others, the fate of the participants of the love experiment can be traced. In the opinion of N. G. Chernyshevsky and his followers, a woman in marriage should not only obtain equal with a man rights, but also freedom. She can control her feelings. At the same time, men are liberators, by means of marriage helping a woman to avoid domestic despotism or giving an opportunity to get an education. In Russia the model of behavior of a noble man was conditioned by his desire to take responsibility for a woman, deprived of the civil rights by the society. N. G. Chernyshevsky showed what a decent person in Russia should do, without going beyond the framework of “reasonable egoism”. That is, in the conditions of social injustice, a man had to make up and give a woman what she did not receive from the society. The model of the noble altruistic behavior of a man firmly entered the consciousness and was developed by the part of the youth who shared the ideas of radicalism. Keywords: N. G. Chernyshevsky, the novel “What Is to Be Done?”, marriage of convenience, the Shelgunov family, memories, Sophia and Vladimir Kovalevsky, gender studies | 905 | |||||
| 4999 | The article discusses one of the most urgent applied problems of language teaching: the creation of didactic materials of a new generation based on information and communication technologies (ICT) and the Internet. First of all, we consider the already existing experience in using ICT and the Internet in education in the USA and Western Europe, where the process to introduce digital technologies in education started much earlier than in Russia. The review of experience of introducing this kind of training materials into practice provides grounds for asserting that the use of ICT and Internet technologies in developing teaching materials creates new opportunities and also new (not yet fully studied) difficulties. It is shown that the means of presenting information (and, therefore, its format) impacts the nature of information processing, assimilation and retention: digital texts are much less fully and accurately comprehended by readers than texts in the traditional format (printed on paper). This is due to the psycho-physiological and psychological mechanisms of perception and comprehension of text information given on paper and on the monitor screen. Further, processing a digital text causes the reading activity itself to be transformed. Now the complete set of reading skills, needed for in-depth processing of information, independent text analysis, is not required. Finally, the norms of organization of texts posted on the Web are changing. “Traditional” texts (including classical scientific, literary texts), constructed according to other models, cannot be fully perceived and comprehended from the monitor screen. The above-mentioned difficulties in a number of cases (for example, when teaching extensive and intensive reading) become a serious obstacle to the realization of teaching objectives. Understanding the emerging problems allows us to formulate new methodological challenges a teacher faces when preparing e-learning courses on extensive and intensive reading for foreign students, and also to suggest some practical steps aimed at solving these problems. Keywords: electronic educational resource, information and communication technologies, Internet technologies, reading teaching, extensive and intensive reading | 905 | |||||
| 5000 | Introduction. The importance of the poetics of intertextuality in the novels of the modernist writer Lena Eltang has been repeatedly emphasized by critics and researchers. The appeal to the intertext increases the semantic density of the narrative, serves to convey the specifics of the consciousness of Eltang characters that exist in parallel in the realities of social relations and culture/texts. Material and methods. Intertextual and motivational analysis based on the works of I. Smirnov, M. Gasparov, B. Gasparov, and I. Paperno was applied. Also, the theoretical basis of the research is the works of folklorists and psychologists devoted to the motivational structure of folklore tales about an orphan girl, the plot of initiation (O. M. Freudenberg, E. N. Eleonskaya, R. Efimkin, etc.). The research material is Lena Eltang’s novel “Stone maples”. The purpose of the work is to identify the semantics and functions of the fairy-tale intertext in Lena Eltang’s modernist novel “Stone maples”. Results and discussion. The analysis of the novel allowed us to establish the correspondence of the plot logic of the novel to the motivational structure of the magic and literary fairy tale illustrating the stages of initiation. But, firstly, unlike a fairy tale, the Eltang novel is a prose of a “stream of consciousness”, focused on the disclosure of the inner world of a person. Secondly, the complex subject organization of the novel text, compared to the fairy tale, allowed Eltang to build allusions to fairy tales of different subtypes (about female and male initiation) in the storylines of different characters. The main character of the novel Sasha Sonley is building an association of his life with a fairy tale. In its storyline, it is important not only to match the archetypal plot, but also to try to change it. Despite individual efforts, the fate of the central heroine is built in accordance with a fabulous invariant about an orphan girl (in which the author’s, supra-personal will is manifested): mother’s death, loss of father’s protection; con frontation to stepmother; rivalry with stepsister; victory of the stepdaughter thanks to a magical means (maternal amulet), which also contributes to the search for the groom. The function of the mother’s talisman in the novel is performed by Travnik – “secret notebook”, which combines the diary and the set of recipes for traditional medicine. It is perceived as a channel of communication with the deceased mother, plays a key role in finding the intended. Conclusion. Despite efforts to “rewrite” the fairy-tale narrative, Sasha is forced to go through the entire archetypal plot of initiation before rebirth, restoration of harmony. In the spirit of modernism, based equally on the achievement of psychoanalysis and cultural archaic model, the plot of initiation of the heroes of the fable is built in accordance with a folk tale, but this outwardly-event outline corresponds to the inner story is psychologically complex living of its late maturity, separation from feelings of guilt towards parents and resentment toward them, parting with the past for the future. Keywords: modernism, literature of Russian emigration, intertext, fairy-tale images and motifs, initiation, Lena Eltang | 905 | |||||