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# | Article | Downloads | |||||
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5801 | The problem of pedagogical goal-setting under the situation of drastic sociocultural changes which require the reformation of educational system is analyzed. Two approaches to the definition of educational goals “education for life” and “education for a human” are scrutinized. The question concerning the role of extra-curricular activities in the system of school education is put by the example of teaching speech and acting techniques in the upper school. The course goals are defined: to surmount the dialectal peculiarities and to improve the speech up to the standard pronunciation; to develop listening and communicative skills in general. The drama element in voice and speech exercises is brought in in order to awaken positive emotions, enthusiasm and to remove muscle spasms. A short performance at the end of the year watched by teachers, parents and students contributes to the development of students’ motivation. This is a form of creativity, self-expression and self-realization, this is that conscious activity which we want our children to learn. Keywords: pedagogical goal-setting, additional education, elocution, language | 834 | |||||
5802 | The article is devoted to the A. Chekhov’s works’ titles analysis as the unified system, and to the discovery of the correlations of the poetic particularity with the peculiarities of his artistic world. The analysis is made in two different aspects, both in the isolated context of the author’s works and also from the point of view of inclusion of Chekhov’s art in the continuous literary process. The author attempts to compare the regularities in the choice of the titles related to the artistic works of the wrighter’s closest contemporaries – I. S. Turgenev, I. A. Bunin, who as well as Chekhov composed flash fiction. Keywords: Chekhov, name, heading, title, poetics | 834 | |||||
5803 | The basis of the article is formulation of the results of an experimental study which involves the development of models of tolerance formation of future social workers in terms of their professional training at the University. In the work clarified and analyzed the main structural components of the model, stages and pedagogical conditions of its implementation. In developing the model is the underlying didactic principles of formation of tolerance. Development and implementation of the model is achieved through the following educational approaches that contribute to the effectiveness of the training of future social pedagogues with a high level of tolerance. Keywords: model of tolerance formation, professional preparation of social teachers, stages of formation of tolerance, levels of tolerance, factors of formation of tolerance, diagnostics of development of tolerance, evaluation criteria of levels of development of t | 834 | |||||
5804 | S. V. Bakhrushin’s works continue attracting the attention of researchers of Siberian history. Until recently his review on Z. Ya. Boyarshinova’s thesis about the Tomsk district has been quoted, only with a positive assessment of the work. But alongside with this the review also noted a number of comments and omissions that still remain littleknown. It becomes clear in the result of the analysis of revealed two variants of the printed review. Consequently, according to their content it is possible to judge about the scientist’s approaches in the work during the writing of the review, the focus of his creative thought while making his adjustments, objective assessment of Tomsk researcher’s manuscript. Keywords: S. V. Bakhrushin, Z. Ya. Boyarshinova, review, history of Siberia, Tomsk district, bibliography, archive | 834 | |||||
5805 | The object of the study is the scientific and pedagogic ground for developing the translation competence of technical students under the professional retraining program «Translator in the Sphere of Professional Communication». The focus on stylistic figures shows how the competence-oriented approach can be applied in translation teaching. The work aims at formulating theoretical and practical principles of a competence-oriented methodology in translation teaching. The competence-oriented approach to translation teaching proves to be rational. The communicative functional translation model is the scientific basis of the complex pedagogic technology under consideration. This target technology is pragmatic and involves such pedagogic technologies as communicative training, problem-based learning, development of critical thinking, information and communications technologies, pedagogic games, individualization of education, training in cooperation, modular technology. Stylistic figures represent one of the typical translation difficulties and form a separate training module. Covering this module required formulating the aim, objectives and developmental stages, as well as the list of principal figures of speech. Some illustrative examples given prove the dependence of the translation strategy on the type of the source text. Keywords: competence-oriented methodology in translation teaching, communicative functional translation model, stylistic figures, case-studies, translation strategy, translation transformations | 834 | |||||
5806 | For the first time the attention is paid to the little-known review (obozrenie) “Odyssey” (1928) by Nikolay Erdman and his co-author Vladimir Mass. This text is travesting performance of the adventures of Odysseus, the main hero of Homer’s epic poem of the same name. The review includes three monologues of the assistant director (pomoshnikrezhissera). These monologues are not directly related to the plot of modern Odysseus’s adventures. Based on the works by Y. M. Lotman the article examines these monologues as a particular case of text within a text / theater within a theater. The article reveals peculiarity of comicality in the speeches of the assistant director, nature and functions of this character which unite him not only with chorus of Ancient Greek drama, but also with performers of Russian farce (balagan). Keywords: N. Erdman, V. Mass, “Odyssey”, review, text within a text, transformation, famous plot, convention, action, chorus, farce (balagan), comicality | 834 | |||||
5807 | Anthropocentric approach is currently very relevant in studying of language and culture. According to this approach the person appears to be the central reference point in measurement and description of objects of the surrounding reality. The question of spatial orientation is not quite studied at the moment in the Selkup culture which owing to its originality is of special interest for consideration. The article is devoted to studying of the above-stated question through the “prism” of a human body. Having carried out the linguistic analysis of names of parts of a human body it has been revealed that a human being is considered to be a focal point in view of the Selkups both in plane (horizontal) division of space and in vertical. Somonims are used by representatives of the Selkup ethnos to describe positions of parts of objects in space. Thus, somatic vocabulary is revealed to denote upper, lower, front, back, side and inner parts of objects. Moreover, some of them changed their grammatical category into postpositions and are currently used to describe the movements against parts of objects having certain position in space, i.e. the movements against the upper, lower, front, back and side parts of objects and the movement oriented inside. Keywords: the Selkup language, space, perception of space, somatic vocabulary, somonim, names of parts of body | 834 | |||||
5808 | The article describes the natural time in the idiolect of the Siberian old-timer as one of the forms of physical time. It presents the results of studying the properties of physical time: length and sequence. The article contains a description of two time models: linear and cyclic. Natural time represents a cyclic time model based on the change of natural phenomena. The article proves that natural time has high significance for the bearer of traditional culture, since it organizes various aspects of peasant life. It describes the annual cycle, which consists of 4 seasons. Annual cycle regulates the everyday life and work activity, a certain place in it is assigned for each type of work. Weather conditions also play an organizing role in the life of a rural resident working on the land, because the success of peasant work depends on the weather. Peasant works, their relevance / irrelevance necessarily correlate with the folk’s calendar, which regulates the life of peasants during the year and reflects the observations of the people over natural changes and weather phenomena. The article shows the influence of the daily cycle on the daily routine of the informant. Agricultural labor depends on the solar cycle: the work traditionally began with the sunrise and ended at sunset. The article also notes the axiological aspect: the dialect language personality negatively assesses the violation of established norms, leading to a change in folk culture. Keywords: idiolect, dialect language personality, time, folk speech culture, natural time, physical time, weather, annual cycle, daily cycle, folk calendar | 834 | |||||
5809 | The article below attempts to define, organize and structure genre varieties of operating instruction. Technical instruction and user manual have been already described in traditional linguistic research. The current study has revealed that genre varieties of operating instruction include new ones that have appeared recently. These are MissingManual, ForDummies, and TheCompleteIdiot’sGuide. The appearance of new genre varieties is due to the rapid development of technical progress. The current research shows that the new genre varieties of operating instruction fall into subclasses. It has been established that the main differences between Missing Manual, For Dummies and The Complete Idiot’s Guide include the way of presenting information in the text, thematic scope and functional stylistics status of the above mentioned texts. The Complete Idiot’s Guide and For Dummies are characterized by emotiveness, the use of resources of expressiveness such as metaphor, allusion, antonomasia and other stylistics devices. The Missing Manual has a specialized field, while For Dummies and The Complete Idiot’s Guide tend to be multidisciplinary texts. Unlike technical, or operating, instructions belonging to scientific style, Missing Manual, For Dummies and The Complete Idiot’s Guide are hybrid mixed genres that combine elements of scientific, advertising and colloquial styles. Keywords: operating instruction, Missing Manual, For Dummies, The Complete Idiot’s Guide, genre variety, subclass | 834 | |||||
5810 | The article deals with a theoretical and methodological way of pedagogical meanings and values of the category of “the virtuous life” in a collection of essays under the title “The philosophy of the common deed” of N. F. Fedorov. Keywords: the category of “the virtuous life”, ethical and pedagogical understanding of a virtuous life | 833 | |||||
5811 | The article consideres the image of a woman in german political press of the peacetime. Certain gender stereotypesare established, namely cultural and socially constructed ideas, opinions about the qualities, attributes and norms of behavior in female political poster and advertisements – creolized texts where considerable information about the gender factor, along with verbal means is transmitted by iconic means. Keywords: functions of stereotypes, gender stereotypes, political communication, creolized text | 833 | |||||
5812 | Based on archival materials the article presents the data on the number and proportion of evacuees among the whole population of West Siberia, the proportion of children among the evacuees in West Siberia and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic as a whole. In reliance of the data we made the conclusion that for West Siberia the proportion of children in relation to adults among the arrived evacuees was bigger than that for the whole country, which indicates that the load on the social sphere of the region and its society at all was high. The analysis of the evacuees’ settlement based on the types of inhabited localities indicates that the main part of them settled in urban localities. Their migration activity was of the highest level. The analysis of the composition of population, which was evacuated to the West Siberia, enables to conclude that women constituted the majority of the population. What concerns the social structure of the arrived population a significant portion of it consisted of workers, engineers and technicians, employees. Diverse ethnic composition was characteristic of the evacuees. A little more than a half of the arrived population consisted able-bodied people. Considering the difficulties and results of employment we came to a conclusion that in this respect a set of West Siberian regions came close to the whole country level, and Novosibirsk and Kemerovo regions exceeded the general country level significantly. The article emphasizes that the evacuees as social group was diverse. Within the group there could be distinguished several strata different in their social position. Keywords: the Great Patriotic War, evacuation, accounting and reference work, job placement, age and gender, social, ethnic composition | 833 | |||||
5813 | Тhe article shows the possibility of organizing the process of continuous education of specialists in the conditions of the municipal area, the principles, main directions, objectives and content of the municipal educational development service. Considered by the scientific and theoretical foundations of this new tool of improvement of qualification and retraining, providing multi-dimensional and optimal movement of adult personality in the educational space. Such educational services may be implemented by the municipal resource centre, which acts as the organizer and coordinator of continuing education for adults, covering practice-oriented advanced training and retraining of specialists of a wide range of professions. The most effective municipal resource center is the one, created on the basis of innovative educational organization. Keywords: continuing education, training, vocational-oriented education, municipal educational service | 833 | |||||
5814 | This paper examines the issues of forming a qualitative assessment of educational activities in the system of additional professional education of civil servants. The main principles for assessing the quality of educational activity are revealed. The article states that the scientific understanding of estimating the quality of educational services in the sphere of the additional professional training does not yet meet the real needs in practice. The results of the study, which determines the need for additional professional education for civil servants in management, are presented. The relationship between the need for additional training and personal attitude to the school has been established. The productivity and effectiveness of the organizational and educational conditions required for the effective implementation and developing the quality assessment model for educational activities in the system of additional professional education for state civil employees are determined. The structural and functional model for the quality assessment of educational services with the participation of consumers is suggested. According to this model selfexamination, introspection and external expertise (reflection, research, design of the educational environment) become the leading methods of the assessment. Thus, the position of the teacher changes. The teacher becomes an expert both in relation to his activity and in relation to the activity of the student, who is also placed in the position of an expert regarding his pedagogical activity and achievements in working with students. Keywords: quality of educational activity, quality assessment, educational needs, consumers, professional competencies, additional professional education, professional retraining, state civil service, motivation | 833 | |||||
5815 | The article describes an experience of the co-operative international educational and scientific activities, fulfilled during the course of the scientific event – VIII international scientific forum «New Forms of International Scientific and Educational Activities». The analysis of the encouraging aspects of the international education over the past ten years is performed. It is shown that the intensive development of the Internet technologies creates favorable conditions for the international distance cooperation for researchers, teachers studying in the education system; student international scientific and educational organizations make it possible to make a significant contribution to the development of the present and future prospects of the global scientific and educational space. It is stressed that the effectiveness of joint scientific and educational activities is influenced by a number of factors, including: a scientifically based organization of a united multi-cultural educational space based on the principles of a psychological-didactic approach to training and education of people from different cultures and with different world views; organization of scientifically grounded conditions for effective practical inter-ethnic interaction, education and professional self-realization. Based on many years of experience working at the international Eurasian adaptation and educational center, the author emphasizes that among the various forms of improving educational work with simultaneous involvement of scientific initiative and creative activity of students, a broad-spectrum interaction system – «International Youth Scientific Forum» is the most effective. Through the example of the VIII International Youth Scientific Forum «New Forms of International Scientific and Educational Activities», once again it is shown that educational system representatives have willingness and ability to organize highly professional inter-groups that can effectively interact in the global polyethnical and polycultural educational space. Keywords: scientific and educational activity, joint activity, scientific forum, multi-cultural educational space, inter-group | 833 | |||||
5816 | In this article, I focus on the complicated variant of Collective moral responsibility, which is presented as the idea of vicarious responsibility. Using the idea of Collective Responsibility today has a lot of controversial statements. The main point, which is fixed in philosophical objections, is the principle of personality and autonomy. The idea of Collective responsibility eliminates personal responsibility, so we have the situation when nobody takes responsibility. However, today social changes, when to define real person action is impossible due to many reasons, researches have to investigate other types of responsibility, for instance collective. Collective agents such as nation, corporations, social institutes, human being need moral state, just because their actions have extensive impact and moreover the consequences of their actions have long term effects. The theoretical and practical gap is the source of the paradoxical situation. On the one hand, the paradigm of individual responsibility cannot be used for collectives, and on the other hand, the group’s activity avoids moral estimations. In this article, it seems that the idea of vicarious responsibility has a chance to connect individual and collective measurement of responsibility because it can be characterized as the space where individual and collective exist simultaneously. Vicarious responsibility deals with moral senses such as blame, shame, repentance which a personality has when other members of group have done. It is thought that the reason for this kind of experience becomes a moment of identification of the individual with the group on the basis of national, religious, professional or other interests. First fundamental question of collective responsibility and collective guilt was presented in the works of Karl Jaspers and Hannah Arendt. Philosophers have formulated the question of responsibility and guilt for the crimes of the nation's human scale, actually identifying the subject of the blame to the people. The German people were presented as a subject of collective moral responsibility. Later on, the idea of vicarious moral feelings was working out through the question: “When and under what conditions vicarious responsibility is?” Keywords: blame, collective moral responsibility, group’s liability, deed, political responsibility | 832 | |||||
5817 | The search for effective forms of the final state certification testing is an important task of professional educational organizations. At the heart of modern professional education lies the competence model of bachelor. Competence as an integrative education requires the relationship of academic disciplines in the process of training of bachelors, and during final testing. Final state certification of bachelors of majors teacher education, profile “Music” includes a state exam and graduation. State exam becomes an interdisciplinary challenge. The Department of music and music education of the Institute of arts offers one of the possible forms of the State interdisciplinary tests for bachelors of this profile. It allows to check the level of development of professional, first of all, special competencies that characterize the quality of preparation of graduates for specific professional activities. Keywords: state interdisciplinary examination, special competence, training disciplines | 832 | |||||
5818 | The image of Arkhangelsk given by I. Kazakov in his work “Northern Diary” is analyzed from the perspective of N. Antsiferov’s study of urban texts. The narrator is looking for a spirit of Arkhangelsk and it corresponds to Antsiferov’s classification of parts of any city: anatomy, physiology and spirit. Classical analysis of chronotope is used as well. Perception of the city by the author-narrator is regarded according to the soviet idea of building of a new society on the one hand and traditional mythopoetics of Russian Literature on the other hand. As well as interaction of production sketch of the Soviet Literature and the unique artistic point of view of Yuriy Kazakov is analyzaed. Keywords: urban text, supertext, soviet literature | 832 | |||||
5819 | The article contains the attempt to explain almost total absence of women among the great philosophers on the basis of the Marxist theory of activity and pedagogical ideas of Ewald Il’yenkov. The author shows that the ability of the philosophical perception of the world is formed in the children’s games by certain toys. The content of the boys’ game is changing historically, as it is linked to the progress in technology and weaponry, and the girls’ games are historically unchanged, as they are related to the imitation of family life and child care. The ever-changing play of boys they contribute to the formation of creative and comprehensive perception of the world, while the routine games of girls form their reproductive and rigid mindset that excludes philosophy. Keywords: women, philosophy, praxis, interiorization, way of thinking, children’s game activities, children’s toys | 832 | |||||
5820 | The paper develops an approach to the assessment of knowledge of students in virtual educational system. For such systems there is an urgent need in finding automated approaches to the assessment of the level of acquired knowledge by students, monitoring of the level of knowledge and their possible management. The mathematical dependence includes three components: interim, assessment, and the level of forgetting. Discusses the mathematical formalism of knowledge assessment. It is shown that for successful learning students need to consider these three components and to predict the learning process, which allows to take into account the individual characteristics of the student. Keywords: software system, training technology, virtual learning | 832 | |||||
5821 | The article deals with the problems of learning the English terminology of language didactics. The knowledge of terminology refers to one of the most complicated aspects of language didactics. The future teacher of a foreign language must also possess methodical terminology in a foreign language. It is known that this terminology (unlike the Russian language) is more polysemous, heterogeneous, dynamic, “lax”. This article suggests the use of educational methodical tasks as an effective basis for learning the English terminology of language didactics. It also states possible types of these tasks, including some author’s examples (search of synonymous expressions of classroom vocabulary, grouping of terms, search of false (incorrect) translation of classroom vocabulary, explanation of abbreviations, and choice of Russian equivalents of the terms in English). Keywords: terminological task, language didactics, a term of language didactics, English terminology of language didactics, learning terminology of language didactics | 832 | |||||
5822 | The present article shows a lesson plan of an extra-curricular lesson for kindergarten children which was distinguished in the category „Teaching materials” in the International Competition for Teachers of Russian as a Foreign Language organised by Tomsk State Pedagogical University and the Polish-Russian Institute in Wroclaw (Poland). The main theme of the lesson is based on the topic: “Understanding Masha. Speaking humorously, nicely and interestingly about the Russian language and culture.” The lesson is to be organised as a non-obligatory workshop. The lesson plan contains objectives and tasks characteristic of a workshop, of which the most important ones consist in popularising the Russian language and culture, encouraging children to adopt an open attitude towards cultural otherness as well as making them understand and show tolerance towards another culture. The lesson plan enumerates and describes teaching and learning methods to be used during classes. Special attention is paid to the selection process of rhymes and songs for children to learn. It is proposed to choose texts which contain words similar to those in the native tongue. Repeating such words is fun for children and it gives them a sense of achievement. The lesson plan determines also the psychological and pedagogical aspects of the workshop. During the classes children do not only learn Russian words and find out about their geographical neighbour’s culture, but they also learn: working in groups (depending on the age colouring matrioshkas, making greeting cards with a picture of matrioshka, doing a puzzle with a picture of balalaika or samowar), learning behavioural patterns and values through play. This kind of extra-curricular classes constitutes a really absorbing way of popularizing the Russian language among children, but it also provides good practice for students (future teachers) who take part in preparing the event and can engage in organising a really interesting undertaking. Keywords: extra-curricular classes, teaching materials, popularising the Russian language | 832 | |||||
5823 | The article presents one of the marginal genres of engineering discourse, the Missing Manual, in the aspect of its metaphorical organization. The results of the analysis have shown that a set of metaphors can be identified in the Missing Manual, namely: the anthropomorphic metaphors that are connected with the anthropocentric paradigm; time and space metaphors that are identified on the basis of semantic features as the humans and everything that surrounds them cannot exist outside of temporal and spatial coordinates; conceptual metaphors that are considered as theoretical constructs that differ in degree of abstraction. The special attention in the article is devoted to the anthropomorphic metaphors which represent various devices as possessing physical and mental abilities, personal attributes, parts of the body, etc. By the example of the Missing Manual it has been demonstrated that the necessity and importance of metaphors in the given text-type depend on two factors: pragmatic goal and functional stylistic status of the Missing Manual. The authors conclude that metaphors in the discussed genre perform two core functions, i.e. the function of gaining consumers’ affection and the function of exerting control over the formation of consumers’ notion of some devices which can have an impact on their decision-making. Keywords: engineering discourse, Missing Manual genre, functions of metaphors, anthropomorphic metaphor, metaphorical model | 832 | |||||
5824 | Introduction. The aim of the article is to identify and describe the main characteristics and variants of the linguistic and cultural transfer of nominations of social diseases. Material and methods. The study material includes nominations related to the sphere of social diseases in the amount of 700 units selected by targeted sampling from bilingual and multilingual medical dictionaries, dictionaries of foreign words, scientific and popular scientific literature and texts of social advertising. For the semantic and etymological analysis of nominations that have undergone linguistic and cultural transfer, the study used the method of comparative typology, to determine the value of the nomination of socially significant diseases the study used the method of historical interpretation. Results and discussion. In this study, linguistic and cultural transfer is considered as transferring or borrowing units of one linguistic culture to another. The transfer may affect not only similar linguistic cultures that have historically conditioned connections, but also cultures belonging to completely different types, which is quite characteristic of the sphere of social diseases. At the same time, units of one linguistic culture undergo a process of not only borrowing, but also penetrating into the host culture, go through all the stages of adaptation in it. Thus, there are 3 main characteristics of the linguistic and cultural transfer of social diseases: the extensiveness of the process of the linguistic and cultural transfer reflecting the quantitative increase in the number of loanwords in the linguistic culture; the intensity of the process of linguistic and cultural transfer, in which there is a qualitative borrowing of units of another linguistic culture; the prevalence of linguistic and cultural transfer, when loanwords are transferred in several linguistic cultures. Conclusion. The main variants of the linguistic and cultural transfer are the transition of lexical units from everyday vocabulary into terminology, eponimization, polysemy and synonymy of nominations in the sphere of social diseases. In addition, the problem of the disorder of nominations in the field of social diseases in different linguistic cultures is quite acute, which can lead to disruptions in the exchange of information at the international level and difficulties in translation. Keywords: linguistic and cultural transfer, nomination, social diseases, polysemy, eponymization, synonymy | 832 | |||||
5825 | Introduction. In the history of Russian literature for children, the period of 1940s is distinguished by the thorough attention to the image and motif of time by major writers. It becomes, on the one hand, the universal motive and reflects “the style of epoch” (Yuri Mineralov), on the other hand, great writers – Arkady Gaidar, Samuil Marshak, Evgeny Schwarz – present their artistic understanding of the time phenomenon in their individual styles, motives, images, techniques. The “inner form” (Aleksandr Potebnya) of an artistic work, that image of the “image of time” is interesting as a phenomenon. As a result of the comparative analysis, general and peculiar stylistic features, which represent the image of time in individual styles of the specified writers, were revealed. It was important to take works that are close in time of writing and analyse them in a synchronic perspective: all selected works are written in the range of 1941–43. As a result of the comparative analysis, the general ideology of the era reflected in the individual styles of these authors was manifested, that determines the relevance of the presented work. The aim of the study is to compare the plots and systems of images in the context of images and associative traditions of literature for children in 1940es. The novelty of the work lies in the convincing identification of stylistic dominants of the image and motif of time in these works at the level of plot, system of images, a particular technique – a sudden change in the age of the characters. Material and methods. The methodology of the study is based on the works on “inner form” by Aleksandr Potebnya and works on style by Pavel Sakulin, Yury Mineralov. In the definition of biographical time, we follow Valentin Halizev, in determining the motive we follow the work of “Historical poetics” by Aleksandr Veselovsky. Research methods: comparative-typological, historical. The theoretical significance of the work realises in the use of research materials in “Literature for Children”, “Introduction to literary studies” academic courses. The practical significance of the work is implemented in material for seminars for the study of A. P. Gaidar, Marshak and E. L. Schwartz works, and also for “Theoretical basis of the readers’ activities” practical classes on course. Results and discussion. The results of the study lead to the identification of typological convergence of the image and motive of time in the literature for children of the 1940s. However, one can trace the typological variation in individual styles of A. P. Gaidar, S. Ya. Marshak, and E. L. Schwartz. The Gaidar’s image of an old man is an integral part of his customary system of images, and it also plays a key role in the revealing of the image of time. In the works we have reviewed, Gaidar emphasizes the exceptional importance of transferring not just life, but life-building experience from the old to the young. It can be stated that the transfer of such experience motif is the leitmotif in the works of Gaidar (See Timur and His Team and The Hot Rock). On the contrary, the old men in The Tale of Lost Time, a story about Schwartz, are endowed with destructive evil magic power that can only resist the team of schoolchildren living in reality and, what is most important, catching up with their time. In the dramatic tale The Twelve Months by S. Marshak, the Princess’s individualistic attempt to control and speed up time is exposed not only negatively, but at the same time it looks pointedly senseless and absurd. Conclusion. In the reviewed works the motif and image of time are disclosed in the combination of art and didactics, what is considered traditional feature for literature for children. The stylistic convergence of the works by E. Schwartz and A. Gaidar is embodied in the plot-forming role of biographical time. The key stages, such as childhood and senility, reflect the symbolic plan of the beginning and the end of life. The change of epochs and generations, the transfer of social experience, major events in the life of society and individuals reveal the inextricable link between historical, social and creative levels. Keywords: image and motif of time, style dominants, inner form, individual style, style of the epoch, biographical time, plot, literature for children | 832 | |||||
5826 | Introduction. The object of this research is the pragmatic functions of such discourse elements as pragmatic markers that are used in English gastronomic discourse, namely, in a TV and Internet cooking show. Material and methods. The material for this research is the cooking show videos of popular British chef Jamie Oliver, published on his official YouTube channel in 2018–2019. The methods of the research are discourse analysis, analysis of pragmatic markers and the method of linguistic description. Results and discussion. The introduction observes the concepts of “discourse” and “gastronomic discourse”, the features of the gastronomic discourse, its genre diversity, pragmatic potential of the TV and Internet cooking show. Various studies of linguists on the correlation of the terms “pragmatic marker” and “discourse marker” are reviewed. As the methodological basis of the research we chose Fraser’s classification of pragmatic markers. The classification of pragmatic markers revealed from the videos, its quantitative and qualitative analysis resulted in the establishment of pragmatic functions that different types of pragmatic markers perform in the discourse of the cooking show. Conclusion. It was concluded that: 1) the gastronomic discourse cooking show genre influences the formation of the gastronomic preferences of the audience; 2) pragmatic markers are necessary to indicate the speaker’s attitude to the utterance, as well as to facilitate the process of pragmatic conclusions; 3) due to pragmatic markers, the arsenal of language means involved in creating the required pragmatic effect of the cooking show is increased; 4) pragmatic markers of the discourse of the cooking show help keep the viewer’s attention and create the illusion of direct communication with the audience. Keywords: pragmatic markers, discourse markers, gastronomic discourse, cooking show | 832 | |||||
5827 | A holographic duality between gravitation and field theories with a Lifshitz scaling symmetry has recently aroused much attention. We consider Lifshitz-like backgrounds in the context of their applications to the anisotropic quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions. We construct shock waves geometries for Lifshitz-like metrics1. For the geometry of two colliding Lifshitz domain walls the areas of trapped surfaces are calculated. According to the holographic approach, the multiplicity of particles produced in heavy-ion collisions can be estimated by the area of the trapped surface. We show that in the 5-dimensional case the dependence of multiplicity on the energy of colliding ions can fit the experimental data observed at RHIC and LHC. Keywords: Lifshitz-like metrics, shock waves, trapped surface, holography, quark-gluon plasma | 831 | |||||
5828 | The paper considers specific features of image and status of English king Edward the Confessor’s wife Edith based on “Vita Ædwardi Regis” that was written in the middle 60-s of the XI c. on the orders of Edward’s widow. Edith’s status as the queen at her husband’s court as reflected in the “Vita…” well fitted in the overall trend of late Anglo-Saxon rulers’ wives strengthening influence on state affairs. However, the key factor in Edith’s “career” and in her image interpretation by the “Vita…” was her kinship with the powerful Godwin’s clan, the English king had to reckon with. By representing herself in the “Vita…” as the ideal wife, queen, sister and daughter of the powerful Godwin family members Edith attempted at strengthening her position at the royal court after the death of king Edward, her husband. Keywords: woman in the early Middle Ages, Anglo-Saxons, the queen’s status, Edith of Wessex, “The Life of king Edward” | 831 | |||||
5829 | The article deals with the modelling of pilot falling from a height of 6 000 meters in water. It is shown that the use of computer algebra system (CAS) Maxima qualitatively improves the consideration of the topic “Freefall considering environmental resistance”, traditionally studied in the discipline “Computer simulation”. Maxima has found the general solution of the nonlinear differential equation and found a partial solution with zero initial conditions – the Cauchy problem. CAS Maxima has found the analytical expression for the rate of fall and height fallen down as the functions of time. CAS Maxima has obtained the asymptotic behavior of the rate of fall in the time and has calculated the rate limit of fall. CAS Maxima calculated numerically intermediate values of fall speed and height fallen down for the 15 time values in the range of 1–15 in increments of 1. These values are compared with analogical values calculated by numerical method in book, with the standard deviation for rate is equal 2 %. CAS Maxima has plot graphics the rate of fall versus the time. Keywords: model, computer modeling, computer algebra Maxima, integrated programming language, cycle operator, differential equation, initial conditions, Cauchy problem, free-fall, force of gravity, force of resistance, Archimedes force, Stokes’ law, drag coefficien | 831 | |||||
5830 | Theory and practice of determining the objectives and conditions of scientific research in pedagogy is defined in the system of pedagogical possibilities of modeling to define, clarify, verify, compare, optimize and solve highlighted contradictions predetermined in the system of scientific-pedagogical apparatus, detailing the quality and methods of traditional and innovative solutions to the research problems. The system of preparation of future teachers in the University uses the resources of pedagogical modeling for qualitative studying of pedagogical disciplines and inclusion of the student-teacher in the system of scientific-pedagogical and scientific-research work. The facilitation of opportunities of development and self-development of future teachers is carried out in the structure of technology of the system-teaching modeling and building of self-dependent living activity culture of the individual. Keywords: pedagogical modeling, scientific research in pedagogy, modeling of the conceptual apparatus of modern pedagogy, teaching methodology, technology of system-pedagogical modeling, self-dependent living activity culture of the individual | 831 | |||||
5831 | The article offers a brief description of one of the most significant concepts for the English culture – “hobby”. The research of the content of the modern concept “hobby” in the English lingua-culture is based on the study of the English Dictionaries. The study also reveals the features of the formation of “hobby” as a lexical unit of the English language. At the present time English hobby is considered to be one of the types of “serious leisure” and the English concept “hobby” is getting a feature of usefulness and importance, and represents a certain model of life as pleasure, being engaged in not just a favourite routine, but necessary and useful. Keywords: concept, lingua-cultural concept, English lingua-culture, leisure, serious leisure, hobby | 831 | |||||
5832 | Intellectual, emotional-psychological and behavioral-communicative components of the legal culture have been analyzed and a contradiction between the need to form these components since the school age and the lack of appropriate social and educational programs in the education system have been determined. The conclusions are drawn that additional education has certain peculiarities in comparison with other types of formal education and it is determined that it is the system of additional education of children that is the space providing effective formation of schoolchildren as subjects of life activity and contributing to the successful implementation of programs aimed at shaping the legal culture of schoolchildren. The relationship between the high level of legal culture, civil legal relations and their manifestation in the tourist activity is defined. The contradiction between the requirement for a high level of legal culture among participants of legal relations in the sphere of tourist activity and the lack of the system of work aimed at satisfying this requirement and the contradiction between the need to form the components of a legal culture, starting from school age, and the lack of appropriate social and educational programs in the educational system. The main provisions of the supplementary education program “Legal foundations of tourist activities” developed by the Center for Children and Youth Tourism of the TSPU are described. Keywords: legal culture, intellectual, emotional-psychological and behavioral-communicative components of legal culture, formation of legal culture, legal relations, tourist activity, tourism, additional education | 831 | |||||
5833 | Introduction. The amateurish text is a notable phenomenon of modern mass (not elitist) speech culture. Factors that ensure the promotion of this type of text in the media include the priority of the hedonistic function to the detriment of the cognitive, as well as the interest of society in the public figure, which the media institute provides an opportunity to speak on issues not related to education and profession. The aim of the article is to study the perception of an amateurish text (its content and form) by different groups of recipients. The research issues are aimed at identifying the heterogeneity of mass speech culture by comparing the estimated positions of different recipients of the same text. Material and methods. As an example of amateurish text, the text of the chief editor of a glossy magazine is used, which emphasizes distance from specialists in the field of knowledge (philology) that he discusses. Based on the semantic- stylistic method, speech material obtained in a psycholinguistic experiment, that is, secondary reaction texts, is analyzed. Recipients are divided into three groups: non-specialists from 18 to 44 years old; non-specialists from 50 to 62 years old; students studying in the direction of “Philology”. Results and discussion. It is established that the text broadcasts relatively reliable information (scientific and semiscientific knowledge, a linguistic myth), contains factual errors. An experimental study of evaluative reactions to the text shows that the information transmitted by the text is uncritically accepted by a significant part of the recipients. Non-specialists regard the amateur as a social type depending on age: young participants in the experiment are more loyal to him than senior group recipients. Students who have mastered the problem under discussion in theory and practice speak out sharply negatively about amateur judgments. Assessment of the speech features of the text correlate with the assessment of content. The younger group approves of the humor, accessibility, “ease” with which the information is presented; the senior group notes in the text speech aggression, violation of ethical standards. Philologists in their assessments of the author’s speech style are closer to the older group, that is, more conservative than their peers. Conclusion. Evaluative reactions to one of the varieties of modern mass culture – the amateurish text – allow us to talk about the heterogeneity of this culture, namely the existence of an older and younger communicative norm. The positions of the younger norm in mass speech culture are stronger. This conclusion is based on the fact that the speech features of the source text, which received approval from the younger group recipients, and disapproval of the senior recipients, are considered in modern style as the most striking features of the press as a whole. Keywords: mass speech culture, amateur text, text perception, text assessment, junior communicative norm, senior communicative norm | 831 | |||||
5834 | The article considers the influence of re-evacuation to the state the region's cadres' potential, the change of the regional demographical development conditions. The article highlights the impact of evacuees to the forming of the regional cadres’ potential of the region, the change of its demographical development conditions. The author accentuates the impact of evacuees in the creation of the arsenal of Victory. The paper defines the consequences of the cadres re-evacuation for the main sectors of industry, building, agriculture, transport, science, education and health care. The article accentuates the difficulties, negative consequences of re-evacuation, the shortage of cadres related to it and the measures taken to overcome it. The article underlines that re-evacuation had shown the urgency of the cadres problem in general and especially that of the highly qualified ones, which was characteristic of the West Siberia in the pre-war years and which was solved only for a short period of time merely by means of evacuation and arrival of the great number of specialists to the region. So the success of the country’s transition to peaceful conditions of national economy rehabilitation depended greatly on the timeliness of solving the human resources question. The article emphasizes the influence of re-evacuation on the dynamics of the population number and composition. The author concludes that the decline of the West Siberian population in the war and re-evacuation conditions indicated the weakening of the power of human potential in the region. Keywords: the Great Patriotic War, re-evacuation, bodies of authority, migration processes, demographic processes | 830 | |||||
5835 | The article describes the main cognitive features of the mental scenario “Mockery” in the Russian language picture of the world in comparison with English. The author summarizes the results of researchers on the problem of modeling the scenario “Mockery”. There are basic components of mental scenario “Mockery” in both language pictures of the world: subject, predicate, object, causator, intention of action, estimated and emotional components, the basis of the evaluation and the relationship between subject and object. The author describes the mental scenario “Mockery” in correlation with other elements of cognitive space “Laughter”: ridicule, derision, joke, smile, banter etc. There are two types of mockery in the English and Russian language pictures of the world. The differences between them are described in the article. Keywords: language map of the world, mental structure, concept, concept-image, concept-scenario, lexeme, the definition analysis | 830 | |||||
5836 | The article points to analysis of regulative potential of media texts in the genre of the article and interview of two informational and media language personalities: a writer and editor-in-chief of “Literaturnaya gazeta” Y. Polyakov and a journalist and editor-in-chief of “Nezavisimaya gazeta” K. Remchukov. The comparative study in their discursive practices of media texts of different genres allowed to define some typical (constant) and variable signs defining regulative potential and communicative effect of reviewed articles and interviews. Defines the dependence of regulative potential of the reviewed media texts on the author’s means of regulativity and some extra linguistic factors including genre specificity of the textual activity. Reveales some typical and individual peculiarities of language personalities, which expose regulative potential of media texts in the genre of article and interview subject to reader’s comments. Keywords: informational and media language personality, media discourse, regulative means, regulative potential of media text, article, interview | 830 | |||||
5837 | The presented scientific work is aimed to show how effective is the use of interactive applications, including ActivInspire in Math lessons in schools of a special type, in this case schools in the colony. This article discusses key characteristics of interactive applications using the example of ActivInspire software. The study of the possibilities of interactive applications is based on the example of one of the most important topics of “Equation”. In addition to the technical features of interactive applications, the psychological aspects of the personality of prisoners in school are also studied and analyzed in detail. On the basis of this analysis, the importance and urgency of using interactive applications in the middle general school in the colony was proved. The described in detail experiment that was conducted in the municipal state educational institution of the evening shift school in Tomsk, clearly shows the growth in the quality of the acquired knowledge on a specific topic “Equations” in the Mathematics class in eighth grades. The conclusion of the article presents and analyzes in detail the experimental results obtained, conclusions about the importance of using interactive applications, including ActivInspire at the lessons of Mathematics in the secondary general school of the penitentiary type. Keywords: ActivInspire, computer technologies, equations, education, schools of penitentiary type | 830 | |||||
5838 | Introduction. The article deals with a question of the discursive status of forensic medical examination texts, the existence of a separate sub-discourse of the forensic medical examination, which is at the intersection of medical and legal discourses, and its place in the typology of institutional discourses. The need to distinguish the discourse of forensic medical examination as a separate subtype of discourse, the description of its model and the study of it as a multidiscourse phenomenon is due to the peculiarities of the interaction of the two institutional discourses with a high level of formalization and ritualization. The aim of the article is to determine the status of the forensic medical examination (SME) as an area of social, professional and textual activity, its place in the typology of institutional discourses. Material and methods. The model of describing the institutional discourse of V. I. Karasik was chosen as the main methodological dominant. This is due to the fact that the studied area belongs to the sphere of institutional interaction, and the fact that this model allows one to identify own discursive parameters at the stage of initial analysis. This theory of discourse analysis makes it possible to define categories such as “participants of communication”, “conditions of communication”, “organization” and “methods of communication”. The material for the study was the full texts of 10 opinions of forensic doctors with a total volume of more than 100 pages, taken at a professional forum of forensic doctors of Russia in the section “Consultation Center”. Results and discussion. Communicators in the field of forensic medicine have a different status than participants in medical or legal discourse. The main type of communication is the type “doctor-forensic scientist – the examined”. Communication places are medical and legal organizations, as well as scientific organizations and events. The goals of the forensic doctor as a participant in the communication “forensic doctor – the examined” go back to legal discourse, while the strategy used is medical. The nuclear genre of discourse is the opinion of the medical examiner, which applies to both legal and medical discourse, and also contains a large number of discursive formulas, stable and specific. Conclusion. The main parameters of communications in the field of forensic examination correspond to the models proposed by V.I. Karasik, however, is not reduced to either legal or medical discourse. Based on the results of this study, a forensic medical examination may qualify for the status of a specific interdiscourse area. Keywords: discursive status, medical discourse, legal discourse, forensic-medical examination | 830 | |||||
5839 | The article presents the experience of organizing children's activities in their residence within the project “City Summer”. It shows the conceptual, organizational and methodological features of the implementation of professional probations for students – future social teachers – involved in the project in order to pass the summer psychological and pedagogical practice. Substantiates the data of empirical research, reflecting the results of using of probations as a means of professional training of future social teachers for leisure, recreation and summer holidays for children and teenagers. Denotes the perspectives of research in the context of the development of scientific and pedagogical knowledge related to social and pedagogical aspects of summer holidays for children in their residence. Keywords: professional probation, training of future social teachers, organizing summer holidays for children, summer psychological and pedagogical practice | 829 | |||||
5840 | The general and distinctive characteristics of wind and atmospheric precipitation in linguistic worldview of representatives of the Selkup and Russian ethnic groups are revealed and described. Morphoepic and pragmatic concepts of wind are interconnected in the linguistic worldviews of both ethnoses. The most relevant characteristics of wind are its force and direction in the linguistic worldviews of both ethnoses. In the dialects of the Selkup and Russian languages intensity and duration of atmospheric precipitation are marked. Folk works and compatibility of the lexemes denoting wind indicate personification and sacralization of wind in both cultures. In nominations of wind its negative or positive influence on economic activity of people is also reflected. The number of general characteristics of rain, objectivized in dialects of the Selkup and Russian languages, includes intensity of this atmospheric precipitation. Keywords: linguistic worldview, nomination of wind, nomination of rain, a dialect, Selkup language, Russian language, comparison | 829 | |||||
5841 | In the context of the phenomenon of “educational potential of institutions of General education” outlines the key requirements for the results (personal, meta-subject, subject) and the quality of education, the methods of inclusion in the educational process at the level of curricular and extracurricular activities of the elements of comparative historical linguistics, experience enriching educational environment in a particular educational institution. Identifies the potential use of material on the history of language to achieve the procedural requirements of the new standard of basic General education, gaves the characteristics of the educational-methodical complex of the authors T. A. Ladyzhenskaya, etc. from the point of view of the inclusion material and assignments on the history of the Russian language. Describes the framework of the course for extracurricular activities on the Russian language, based on the history of the emergence and development of dictionaries and the formation of skills of work with them. Keywords: educational potential of the FSES of the second generation, comparative-historical linguistics, educational-methodical complex | 829 | |||||
5842 | The article considers the influence of many associated factors which are of scientific and practical interest and represented in the form of the concept of the multilevel assessment of the potential of interaction between labour market and the market for vocational education services in the reproduction process of a primary labor resource (a young specialist). The analysis, systematization and constant monitoring of the results of the methodological approach to the potential assessment of interaction between labour market and education market allow the government to get the right information at the macro- and meso-levels for adjustment and planning of criteria of the reproduction process of young specialists as a specific category of the workforce. It is substantiated that this approach allows the state and its subjects to obtain the necessary information at the macro- and meso-levels to adjust and plan the parameters of the reproduction process of young specialists as a specific category of the labor force and serves as an instrument for managing the interaction of the subjects of the regional markets for vocational education and labor services. Thus, it is shown that effective training of young specialists is implemented to a greater extent in the regions with a favorable demographic structure of the employed population, whose potential is used more rationally in terms of minimizing the costs of unemployment, on the one hand, and the use of incentives for productive labor, aimed at advancing growth of labour productivity over the wage growth with further improvement in the implementation of its reproductive and stimulating functions, on the other hand. In conclusion, the article points out that effective training of labor resources is relevant not only for industry but also for the region in particular, as the economic space of the Russian Federation as a whole is characterized by considerable differentiation in the socio-economic development of the regions. Keywords: methodological approach, potential assessment, professional education, full employment, market services, reproduction, young professionals, primary labor resource, effective training, continuing education | 829 | |||||
5843 | Within the new direction of social history, the subject field of which is the study of the social processes that accompanied the global conflicts of the 20th century, forms an objective idea about the attitude of the French-Canadian population on the problem of Canada‘s participation in the collective defense of the British Empire during the First World War. The paper examines the views of various groups of French-Canadian society (provincial government of Quebec, Roman Catholic Church’s representatives, French Canadian nationalists, provincial press of different social and political orientation) on the question of sending French-Canadian battalions to Europe. The chronology of the described events includes the first five months of the First World War (August – December 1914). As a result of the research, it estimates the level of imperial loyalty of the population of Quebec on the question of Canada‘s participation in the imperial wars. It studies the objective and subjective factors of the passivity of voluntary recruitment in Quebec (lack of military experience of the French-Canadian population, insufficient number of provincial police forces, traditionalism of the the rural population, anti-militarism propaganda of French-Canadian pacifists and nationalists, imperial policy of Department of Militia in Federal Government). It determines the role of the social movement for the creation of separate French-Canadian battalions in the process of activating recruitment and sending volunteers to the front. Keywords: First World War, Canada, Quebec, French Canada, volunteers | 829 | |||||
5844 | Inroduction. The Anthropology of Dostoevsky is a complex polyaspect subject, the study of which is possible with the use of cross-disciplinary approach of various branches of humanitarian knowledge: literary criticism, linguistics, philosophy, theology, psychology, psychoanalysis, anthropology. The aim of this work is to analyze the current trends of development of modern science about Dostoevsky and systematization of the international experience of studying of his creative anthropology. Material and methods. The research material is the speeches, theses and summaries of reports of participants of the international symposium “Anthropology of Dostoevsky. Man as a problem and a subject of reflection in Dostoevsky’s world”. The research methods are analytical and descriptive, expert estimation, expert analysis. Results and discussion. Expert opinions of scientists from 16 countries of the world who presented their reports at the international symposium, allowed to consider three leading problematic and thematic directions systemically: the anthropology of Dostoevsky in the light of philosophical anthropology and the European culture of the XX century; a problem of the person in the novel The Idiot. In connection with 150-year anniversary of the novel The Idiot the special attention was devoted to discussion of features of its screen version within a round table “The Idiot of Dostoevsky and The Idiot of A. Kurosawa”. Conclusion. The value of the reports presented within the problematic and thematic directions of a symposium consisted in the researchers’ ability to keep the unique spirit of creativity of Dostoyevsky, his deep understanding of the person presented in various forms of literary writing, philosophical ideas and truly psychological interpretations. Keywords: F. M. Dostoevsky, anthropology, man, personality, values, spirituality, freedom, eschatology, historiosophy, existential consciousness, religion, Orthodoxy, people, Bulgarian Dostoevsky society, A. Kurosawa | 829 | |||||
5845 | The article examines the qualitative changes that happen in a man in the information society. It analyzes the connection between the above-mentioned changes and the problems that the system of education has to solve. The article questions whether it is necessary to review the main principles of Classical Pedagogy under the conditions of new sociocultural situation. Keywords: sociocultural situation, self-determination, knowledge-information, knowledge-persuasion | 828 | |||||
5846 | The results of experimental check of pedagogical technologies effectiveness which are used during methodical training of geography teacher under conditions of additional professional education at a university have been introduced. The evaluation criteria of modern pedagogical technologies practicability and effectiveness of their application at higher education institutions have been described. Technologies, application of which ensures successful formation of various components of methodical competence and methodical thinking of geography teacher have been established. The comparative analysis of the experiment results and expert evaluations of the effective application of pedagogical technologies during methodical training of geography teacher has been performed. In scope of approbation of creatively oriented system of teacher methodical training at South Federal University, the optimal aggregate of pedagogical technologies for mastering of “Methods of Geography Teaching” course main topics, has been outlined. The ideas about the factors which prevent introduction of modern pedagogical technologies into teacher training at universities have been achieved thanks to questionnaire of teachers of various higher education institutions. Keywords: geography teacher methodical training, pedagogical technologies effectiveness, experiment, expert opinion method | 828 | |||||
5847 | Advertising influence is seen as manifestation of discourse social power, which is realized in different linguistically encoded forms of mental control over the target audience. It is analyzed in terms of representational structures – text worlds (mental representations) created in advertising discourse to establish relations between participants of communication. PRODUCER, PRODUCT and ADDRESSEE are the core elements in the structure of text worlds created in separate communicative acts. Text world is considered a generic term encompassing the notion of basic text world and sub-worlds, which are either participant-accessible or character-accessible. Sub-worlds projected in British advertising discourse are stated to differ depending upon the pragmatic perspective. The former have the effect of providing greater significance to the rational element of promoting the product, while the latter focus on entertaining aspects of advertising often associated with fiction. Keywords: representational structures, discourse, text world, initial text world, sub-worlds, advertising influence | 828 | |||||
5848 | There is the problem of diagnostics of readiness of future mathematics teachers for professional activity in connection with the transition of higher education to the new standards based on the competence, personality-oriented and activity approaches to teaching. The concept of “readiness for professional activity” is associated with the concept of “professional competence”. The analysis of works on the diagnosis of professional competence from the point of view of psychodidactics allows us to identify certain requirements for the diagnosis of readiness of future mathematics teachers for professional activity: diagnostics should be carried out in the form of monitoring, thereby, its developmental function is realized; monitoring involves the use of the means of pedagogical support in case of educational difficulties of the diagnosed, thereby realizing the teaching function of the diagnostics; it should include the means of self-diagnosis, thereby the educational function of diagnostics is being realized. The designing of diagnostic materials for this monitoring was carried out using the example of diagnosing the readiness of future mathematics teachers to learn to solve text problems – one of the important components of mathematical training. Educational texts were developed in accordance with the structure of the problem-solving process, based on the requirements for diagnostics. Texts allow future mathematics teachers to estimate their readiness in the following areas of professional activity: the analysis of learners’ difficulties in solving problems; methodical work at the stage of the task condition analysis; use of various methods for solving text problems; additional work on the task; designing tasks aimed at learning problem-solving; comparison, recognition and construction of teaching texts; the use of historical and methodical experience in problem solving. Keywords: diagnostics of readiness of future teachers for professional activity, monitoring, educational texts, training in solving text problems | 828 | |||||
5849 | Toponymic nickname – is a new name based on the associations with reality phenomena. Wide use of secondary nominations is a characteristic feature of the toponymic system of the USA. Each state, apart from its official name, has a number of nicknames, which can be official and unofficial. This article is devoted to the linguocultural analysis of toponymic nicknames of the US States, motivational characteristics of which are relief and water resource peculiarities. This group of American nicknames is clearly restricted in the English language and presents an interesting material for the linguistic analysis. This article regards different classifications of the analyzed units as well as their motivational and quantitative analyses. Secondary nominations of the US States reflect the peculiarities of the flat, hilly and mountainous relief. The last one prevails over the flat and hilly relief. Water resources (among which the most productive motivation is rivers) occur more often than the objects of the area relief. One more particular feature of the units under the investigation is the fact that they are presented by the nominations with absolute or full motivating, since the facts, events and geographical names, put in the basis of the secondary nominations, are always evident. Keywords: secondary nomination, toponymic nickname, toponym, relief, water resources, the US States | 827 | |||||
5850 | The author talks about the language difficulties that international students face while studying in Russian universities. These difficulties are related with the scientific style of speech and writing. Students do not understand scientific texts in Russian, make errors in the written work. The author suggests that the cause for this is a perception of the rules of the scientific style as formal, not related to successful communications, and proposes to pay more attention to the semantics and pragmatics of scientific language means. Objectivity – one of the basic requirements for scientific writing – can be represented as a main pragmatic attitude. The author offers a description of several linguistic phenomena that used for making the text more objective and shows how the description of the pragmatics of these words and structures helps to explain their use. Keywords: methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language, scientific style, pragmatics, objectivity, language means | 827 |