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| 1 | The article describes a discursive Internet space, reveals communicative, structural, cognitive features of the sites of three sports schools for children and youth. The study draws attention to the leading strategies and tactics of information transmission, means of influence on the addressee, orientation to different age groups. The authors found the following: sites are polytext polycode spaces; their contents represent sport schools as stages in training, sports development of the child, gradual moving to sports teams; the communicative organization of sites is complex, combines the following strategies - information, self-presentation, maintaining contacts with parents, children, coaches, teamworkers; influence through conviction, creation of motivation for sports and training in a particular school, emotion; cognitive compositions of sites do not coincide; the level of institutionality is different. The axiological component of sites includes only the implementation of positive assessment. Cognitive composition of sites is not the same. The concepts of “success”, “sport”, “hockey”, “team”, “friendship”, “opportunities”, “man” are updated in the space of the first site. The cognitive composition of the second site includes the actualized concepts of “achievement”, “pride”, “chosenness”, “modernity”, “uniqueness”, “top”. The concept “team-family” is common for both sites. The type of content, the structure of the interface, the way of communication, the official-business nature of speech interaction, refer the third site to institutional discourse. The concepts of “efficiency”, “professional activity”, “leisure”, “development”, “age requirements” are updated in its content, informational strategies prevail over advertising and influencing. Texts of official-business speech genres are present only in its content. Keywords: discourse, discourse analysis, site, site content, polycode text, polymodal text, concept, communicative strategies | 1638 | ||||
| 2 | Introduction. The article offers a genre aspect of the study of regional media texts on the social group of the Russian society nominated “elderly people”. The aim of the study is to identify the lexical, pragmatic, stylistic originality of the texts of regional network media about an elderly person. Material and methods. The analysis methods used: semantic analysis of words and utterances, stylistic analysis of the utterance and text, communicative and pragmatic analysis. Research material: 86 texts posted on the websites of regional news agencies “Omsk Here” (43 texts) and “Super Omsk” (43 texts) in the period from July 11, 2017 to April 8, 2018. The selection of empirical material was carried out according to the criterion of the presence in them of the combination of “elderly person” and the token “pensioner”. The working hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the content of regional online media about an elderly person will be dominated by informational and analytical genres, as well as negative topics. Results and discussion. The results of the study confirmed the working hypothesis. A thematic, stylistic, pragmatic analysis of the texts of regional network media with the subject area “elderly people” revealed genre monotony and diffuseness (dominance of the genre notes with and without an analytical component), combining different genre features (information note, monitoring, interview, review); the shift of genre forms towards information structures; prevalence of official business style; lack of imaginative means of expression; weak individualization of the style (uniformity of the lexical composition; strengthening the negative effect of the effect of the type through the use of strategies of informing and emotionally evaluative type). The study also showed the dominance of the informational genre group, in particular the notes, in which the author’s desire to present an objective, supported by concrete facts view of an elderly person is realized. The genres of a note, a subject interview, a commentary on a regional media discourse about older people are “tied” to topics of health and criminal accidents, for which a syncretic functional style is used, combining the features of official business and journalistic styles. Conclusion. The combination of the two styles allows journalists to be as short, informative and accurate as possible (features of an official business style), but at the same time with a fair amount of emotion, clear and simple (features of a journalistic style) convey information to the general reader about an elderly person. Keywords: regional media discourse, speech influence, media text, elderly person | 1374 | ||||
| 3 | Introduction. The article analyzes the features of the structure and semantic content of the virtual portals of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, the All-Russian public organization “Union of Pensioners of Russia”, the portal of the regional social center as a kind of institutional virtual resource that provides typical communication between the state and people of different ages – primarily the elderly. The purpose of the article is to describe the discursive, communicative, structural features of the official portals of state and public organizations, addressed to the elderly population of the country and region, to identify ways of organizing communication, the nature of communication with the addressee. Material and methods. The general research methodology is based on studies of linguists, psychologists, psycholinguists in the field of speech, psychological, cognitive characteristics of elderly people, as well as cognitivediscursive approaches to communication between official structures and public organizations with different layers of the population in a virtual environment. We used structural (content) analysis of the site, communicative analysis of the individual components of the sites, pragma-style analysis of fragments of texts contained in the content of the site, genre analysis of statements and fragments of texts. Results and discussion. Portals have a different volume of hypertext, multimodal, polycode structural components against the background of typical forms and contents typical for virtual objects. The virtual space of the RF PF portal has the features of a marketing platform that contains sections oriented to feedback from the addressee and their implementation – a citizen’s personal account, counseling center, and pension calculator; The content of the portal of the joint venture of the Russian Federation combines marketing, informative, effective and interactive features. The degree of combination of institutional, official, business, advertising, ritual, everyday discourses is also different, depending on the nature of the subject, function and copyright holder of the virtual object. The largest volume of official and official-business discursive component, the smallest amount of visual means is distinguished by the RF PF portal, the portal of the Union of Pensioners of the Russian Federation equally combines officialbusiness, legal, journalistic and everyday types of discourse, designed also using static and dynamic infographic components; the portal of the regional social center contains components of legal, official-business, educational journalistic types of discourse (the latter is represented by the numbers of the regional periodical). Conclusion. The structure, content of website, type of communication of the portals indicate the presence of incompatible types of recipient. The addressee of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation’s portal is a gender, professional, socially undefined person of retirement, pre-retirement age, interested in conceptually limited information; it’s mobile in a cognitive sense, easily transitioning from an ordinary conceptualization of reality to specialized, able to quickly adapt a large amount of legal information, orientated in a virtual environment, changing style and communicative registers. The addressee of the portal of the Union of Pensioners of the Russian Federation is a gender, socially undefined pensioner, active in relation to public and state life in Russia, having broad interests, involved in physical education and sports, and volunteer movement. The addressee of the portal of the Public Institution “Public Center for Social Policy of the Sherbakul Region” is a gender-undefined, socially unprotected (including pensioner), a geographically limited member of society, active in relation to the public life of the Omsk region, having broad interests, involved in physical education and sports not giving up under any circumstances. Common is the command of computer skills, the ability to navigate in a virtual environment or the awareness of the need to learn computer literacy. Common is the availability of computer skills, the ability to navigate in a virtual environment or the awareness of the need to acquire computer literacy. Keywords: discourse, discourse analysis, site, site content, multicode text, polymodal text, concept, communication strategies | 1496 | ||||
| 4 | Introduction. Written speech of students is a type of speech activity that takes place under conditions of external motivation. Essays on free topics have varying degrees of “attachment” to age-related needs, the life of schoolchildren, imply the implementation of speech-thinking mechanisms, which are aimed at updating a certain part of the authors’ conceptual systems, the level of their speech competence, strategies for the formation of actual meanings, etc. Consideration of the texts of essays in the aspect of the manifestation of textual categories in them, highlighted by different theorists of the text, is also relevant. The purpose of the article is to evaluate the structure and content of the texts of essays-reasoning of schoolchildren on free topics in terms of the manifestation in them of ways of implementing communicative and cognitive models as types of speech actions inherent in written speech activity, as well as ways of expressing text categories. The material for this study is the texts of essays – discussions on various topics written by students of grades 7–9 of schools in Omsk from 2015 to 2021. The research methodology covered two stages. The first stage consisted in determining the average volume of texts, the largest and smallest essay, speech strategies and tactics, the type of communication, methods of updating cognitive structures, selecting words, distributing subject attributes, highlighting predicates, etc. At the second stage, the formal semantic organization was assessed, representation of categories of text. Results and discussion in the field of text volume showed compliance with the level of age-related development of language ability, the tendency for the implementation of unprepared written speech in texts of a small volume and simple structure, the dependence of the size of texts on the quality of the topic, their concreteness / abstractness, proximity to the consciousness of schoolchildren; complication of the structure and increase in volume by the 9th grade. In the field of content, the interdependence of the size of the texts, the quality of the informational, semantic and structural organization was revealed; concentration of semantic development around the basic concept represented in the title; the determination of the choice of a semantic strategy by the problematic formulation of the topic, the level of abstractness of the dominant concept, its correspondence to the age development of the writers. In the field of communicative and cognitive organization, it was established that there is a set of communicative and cognitive models as methods of speech actions associated with the formation of the subjective beginning of written speech, the development of framework and non-framework means of expressing one’s own and someone else’s I, associated with the genre of reasoning and stereotypes of educational discourse. Conclusion. The analyzed texts of reasoning essays of students of Omsk schools do not differ in the significance of the volume and complexity of the structure, which is associated with the nature of the presentation of the topic, the conditions for the generation of a speech work (in a lesson situation), the actualization of value concepts (honor, conscience, happiness), the level of age development of language ability and speech competence of writers. The analysis of text categories showed their different representation and significance for writers. Keywords: text, essay by schoolchildren, categories of text, communicative, structural, semantic, cognitive organization of the text, content-factual informational content, content-conceptual informational value | 1301 | ||||
| 5 | Non-homogeneous (polycode, polymodal, multimodal) texts have long become part of modern communication (both media and official business). The requirement for mandatory communication of official authorities, public and party organizations with the population in a virtual environment has given rise to official portals of regional governments, ministries at various levels, and city administrations. These virtual objects are institutional because they have a discursive orientation, specific means of information transfer and communication design. The communicative-activity approach is applicable to the texts contained on the official portals of the city administration (in this article we are talking about the virtual portal of the Administration of Omsk Omsk. rf, located at: https://www.admomsk.ru/web/guest/main). The purpose of the article is to evaluate the ways of transmitting information, organizing communication with different age and social groups of the addressee in terms of the manifestation in them of visual, verbal, multimodal regulators that implement communicative and cognitive models of the virtual institutional environment. Material for this study: texts posted on the virtual portal of the administration of the city of Omsk (Omsk. rf.). The research methodology includes two stages: 1. Evaluation of visual, verbal, multimodal regulators, their communicative orientation in terms of expressing communicative and cognitive models of the virtual institutional discursive environment; 2. Identification of texts aimed at certain social and age groups of addressees, establishing their informational, semantic, communicative, cognitive composition as an environment for forming the image of the addressee and addressee. The main results of the analysis of the form and content of the portal showed the following. The portal structure includes a typical navigation frame with a fairly simple system of linear vertical and horizontal links. The content level is represented by interconnected verbal and visual components. Their different ratio in different parts of the content, the quality and quantity of inhomogeneous units is due to the goals of the section (transmission of information / impact on the emotive, aesthetic sphere of the addressee), the relevance of the information contained for the addresser and addressee. The communicative and cognitive levels form verbal and visual communicative and cognitive models that convey a predominantly regional formation, affecting the emotional sphere of an addressee that is indefinite in social, gender, age terms - a city resident, establishing an interactive connection with the latter. The communicative-activity approach to a non-homogeneous text of an institutional type - the official portal of the Administration of the city of Omsk, showed a variety of means of communication (visual and verbal), one-sidedness of communication, typical for virtual objects of this level. The method of designating a collective addresser is indicated in the name of the portal through an indication of ownership (portal of the Administration of Omsk), corresponds to the legal norms of institutional discourse. The category of the addresser is specified at the factual level in the part of the portal “Administration” with the help of the Mayor’s personal page, description of the Mayor’s office, legal grounds for activity, etc. The addresser’s communication is focused on a regionally limited collective addressee - residents of Omsk (Omsk). Less often, the addressee is limited by territory, age, social group. The category of the addressee in the texts of the portal is expressed by indirect means - the names of age social, gender and other groups and their representatives in the headings of the content and within the texts that fill it. Special appeals to an indefinite addressee are single, associated with current events in the city, weather, etc. The structure of the horizontal-vertical links of the portal’s navigation frame, the “duplication” of the content components in the header and footer parts direct the addressee’s attention to the hyperlinks he needs, ensuring comfort and utility of perception. But the titles of these hyperlinks do not reveal the impactful (emotive, expressive, aesthetic) strategies that are found in a number of pieces of content. They are implemented using a variety of static and dynamic infographics, they are found only after opening a hyperlink. The leading means of polycode, polymodal, multimodal implementation of the informing strategy are the thematic, logical, plot-compositional levels of the content of the portal as a whole, texts in its parts. The nominations of hyperlinks and the leads of the texts contained in them, together with the photographs accompanying the links, perform the functions of attracting the reader’s attention and informing. The portal contains a multifaceted system of regulators due to the multimodal nature of this virtual object. The system includes: explicit visual (horizontal) regulators that attract and localize the attention of the addressee with the help of color, size, location in the space of the portal interface, creating contrast, meaning a certain topic, problem, information or supplementing it; visual vertical regulators associated with calls for specific actions; visual hidden regulators (photos, infographics - photo report, photo report, photo story, photo tour, performing the functions of influencing the emotional and aesthetic spheres of the recipient’s perception; diagrams, graphs, drawings, tables, performing the functions of concentrating a large amount of information, illustrating, simplifying perception), the existence of which is found only after opening hyperlinks; explicit verbal horizontal and vertical regulators that nominate sections of content, hyperlinks, etc., conveying mainly information and through it by lexical, stylistic (a combination of neutral, special and colloquial vocabulary), digital, graphic (font, underlining, color highlighting) means that implement “anchoring” the attention of the addressee; polymodal regulations (video about the professional activities of employees of the City Administration, the mayor, city utilities). Keywords: non-homogeneous texts, polycode text, multimodal text, communicative, structural, semantic, cognitive organization of the text, communicative-activity approach, regulative, institutional discourse | 1250 | ||||
| 6 | The concept of discursive practice as a method of socially oriented speech activity is effective for describing the processes of creation and results (speech works, texts) of an individual linguistic personality who carries out his professional activities in communications of various types, genres, targeted orientation, etc. Certain texts of such a personality can be considered a kind of discursive practice (on the basis of social orientation, implementation of a set of speech genres, manifestations of the subjective principle, expressiveness/non-expression of address focus, thematic and semantic organization, cognitive dominant, etc.). The purpose of the article is to identify discursive parameters related to the thematic, cognitive, communicative embodiment of the linguistic personality of the author (philologist), methods of transmitting information, organizing communication with the addressee in artistic and journalistic speech activity of an autobiographical orientation. Analysis of the text of the memoir type “Autobiography” (written by Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Krasnoyarsk philologist V. Ya. Bulokhov) revealed ways of realizing the author’s linguistic personality at the structural, thematic, communicative cognitive levels of the organization of artistic and journalistic discourse, as well as features of discursive practice through the use of social regulations and personal type. Regulators draw the addressee’s attention to the connection of the reported information with the social context of a “broad” or “narrow” type, the interaction of chronotopes “there and then”, “here and now”, “while the prognostic now”. The use of analysis of the thematic and structural organization of the text, identification of modes of communication, their alternation, features of updating the cognitive composition using means of transmitting information at the semantic, pragmatic levels made it possible to establish leading speech strategies that mark the autobiographical discursive practice of a linguistic personality, whose speech activity is characterized by lexical, syntactic, communicative, pragma-style variability, diversity of spatio-temporal and egocentric deictic components of discursive practices of text-forming means. Keywords: discourse, text, discursive practice, communicative, structural, semantic, cognitive organization of the text, regulative, artistic and journalistic discourse | 1032 | ||||