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| 1 | In the article the science is considered a sociocultural system and a social institution, the directions of reciprocal influences of science and culture are set. The science is represented as a complex system, which exists as a cultural field. For this reason the author gives definition of culture, it implies an over-natural system and mixes material and moral artifacts. The science and scientific knowledge focus on understanding, research, explanation and modification of outward things. The author analyzes the sociocultural factors, which determine the formation of scientific knowledge, such as values, traditions, rules and regulations established by society; considers the change of outlook with the change of historical periods; gives examples of some scientific activity modifications. In the last decades the science becomes more than only the scope. It is also the ideology, the way of knowledge systematization. This process increases the level of mutual influence of science and culture. Consequently the science is a unique social institution, which sets trends to develop the main component of culture. Keywords: science, culture, sociocultural factors, tendencies of progress | 1339 | ||||