HISTORY OF THE RISE AND DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTS’ VOLUNTARY LABOR BANDS AS A FORM OF VOLUNTEER ACTIVITY OF THE YOUTH ON THE TERRITORY OF THE KURSK GUBERNIA DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR
DOI: 10.23951/1609-624X-2018-5-123-128
The history of volunteer activity of students in the years of the First World War is presented on the basis of office documents of educational institutions of the Kursk province, concentrated in the State Archives of the Kursk region. The need to study them is caused not only by the scientific, but also by the practical need for a deeper consideration of the volunteer activity of young people in pre-revolutionary Russia. Documentary materials are valuable sources, greatly expanding and refining our understanding of the formation of a volunteer movement of young people in a difficult time for the country. The article reflects the issues related to the examination of the essence, content and types of volunteer activity of the youth in the war years. Presents the data on the history of the formation of the first labor squads of pupils – in 1915–1916 on the territory of the Kursk province to help families of peasants drafted into the army, analyzes the features of the volunteer movement of the youth at the initial stages of formation of voluntary student groups, reveals the difficulties encountered by the organizers of the squads. It was the labor squads that became one of the most widespread forms of organizing amateur volunteer initiative youth associations that cared for distressed citizens, solving the problem of labor shortage in villages throughout the country, which increased after the recruitment of older men. The need to study them is caused not only by scientific, but also by the practical necessity for a deeper consideration of the volunteer movement of the youth in pre-revolutionary Russia.
Keywords: sources, youth volunteer movement, labor squads of students, labor aid, agricultural work, educational institutions, the First World War, Kursk province
References:
1. Trudovyye druzhiny i ikh ustroystvo. Sbornik spravochnykh svedeniy, sostavlennyy Komissiyey po vneshkol’nomu sel’skokhozyaystvennomu obrazovaniyu, sostoyashchey pri Departamente zemledeliya [Workers’ detachments and their organization. A compilation of background information compiled by the Commission on Extracurricular Agricultural Education, which is part of the Department of Agriculture]. Petrograd, Tipografi ya V. F. Kirshbauma Publ., 1916 (in Russian).
2. Bukalova S. V. Trudovyye druzhiny uchashchikhsya kak forma realizatsii molodezhnoy politiki v gody Pervoy mirovoy voyny [Workers’ druzhina students as a form of implementation of youth policy during the First World War]. Vestnik gosudarstvennogo i munitsipal’nogo upravleniya – Bulletin of State and Municipal Administration, 2015, no. 2 (17), pp. 141–146 (in Russian).
3. Gordienko O. N. Organizatsiya trudovykh druzhin uchashchikhsya v pomoshch soldatskim sem’yam na territorii Altayskogo okruga v period Pervoy mirovoy voyny [The organization of labor druzhin pupils to help soldiers’ families in the Altai Territory during the First World War]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta – TSPU Bulletin, 2008, vol. 3 (77), pp. 83–85 (in Russian).
4. Dolidovich O. M. Uchashchiyesya Barnaula v praktike blagotvoritel’noy raboty v gody Pervoy mirovoy voyny [Students of Barnaul in the practice of charitable work during the First World War]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Tomsk State University Journal, 2016, no. 409, pp. 47–54 (in Russian).
5. Karpova V. V. Povsednevnaya zhizn’ uchastnikov trudovykh uchenicheskikh druzhin v Rossii (1915–1916) [Everyday life of participants of working pupils in Russia (1915–1916)]. Vestnik Leningradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. A. S. Pushkina – Vestnik of Pushkin Leningrad State University, 2015, no. 2, pp. 48–55 (in Russian).
6. Karpova V. V. K voprosu o rentabel’nosti deyatel’nosti otryadov studencheskoy rabochey sily v gody Pervoy mirovoy voyny (1915–16) [To the question of the profi tability of the activities of student labor squads during the First World War (1915–16)]. Material’nyy faktor i predprinimatel’stvo v povsednevnoy zhizni naseleniya Rossii: istoriya i sovremennost’: sb. materialov mezhdunarodnoy nauch. konf. [Material Factor and Entrepreneurship in the Everyday Life of the Population of Russia: History and Modernity: collection of materials of the international. sci. сonf. Under general ed. of prof. V. N. Skvortsov]. Saint Petersburg, Leningrad State University Publ., 2016, pp. 370–377 (in Russian).
7. Polishchuk E. N. Molodezhnoye dvizheniye Rossii v dorevolyutsionnyy period [The youth movement of Russia in the pre-revolutionary period. Ed. S. A. Komarov, E. N. Polishchuk]. Saint Petersburg, Law Institute Publ., 2011. 180 p. (in Russian).
8. Tarasova N. V. Pedagogicheskiy opyt dobrovol’cheskoy deyatel’nosti shkol’nikov v Rossii vtoroy poloviny XIX – nachala XX v. [Pedagogical experience of voluntary activity of schoolchildren in Russia in the second half of XIX – early XX century]. Otechestvennaya i zarubezhnaya pedagogika, 2014, no. 3 (18), pp. 142–154 (in Russian).
9. Sulimov V. S. Dvizheniye trudovykh druzhin uchashchikhsya shkol Zapadnoy Sibiri v 1915 g. (na primere Barnaula) [Movement of labor druzhin pupils of schools in Western Siberia in 1915 (on the example of Barnaul)]. Sibirskiy pedagogicheskiy zhurnal – Siberian Pedagogical Journal, 2011, no. 2, pp. 190–195 (in Russian).
10. Kratkiy otchet o trudovykh druzhinakh uchashcheysya molodezhi, ustroyennykh Komissiyey v 1916 g. [Brief report on the labor squads of young students organized by the Commission in 1916]. Petrograd, Tipografi ya Petrogradskogo gradonachal’stva Publ., 1917 (in Russian).
11. Fond Kurskoy muzhskoy gimnazii [Fund of the Kursk male gymnasium]. Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Kurskoy oblasti [State Archives of the Kursk Region]. F. 185. Op. 1. D. 496 (in Russian).
( 458.82 kB ) 
( 452.57 kB )
Issue: 5, 2018
Series of issue: Issue 5
Rubric: RUSSIAN HISTORY
Pages: 123 — 128
Downloads: 1481