Ethical and legal aspects of using artificial intelligence in teaching foreign languages
DOI: 10.23951/1609-624X-2026-2-84-95
Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming an integral part of the educational environment, significantly transforming the process of learning foreign languages. Its implementation allows for an individualized approach to each student and makes educational programs more adaptive to the needs of students. The use of AI allows for the automation of the knowledge testing process, providing instant and objective feedback, and developing personalized tasks, which contributes to more effective assimilation of the material. At the same time, the active implementation of AI is accompanied by the emergence of new ethical and legal challenges. Among them are copyright issues related to the creation and use of generated content, the risks of violating academic integrity, since AI can be used to complete tasks without the participation of the student, as well as issues of personal data protection, given the processing of large volumes of information. The problem of digital inequality is of particular importance, since access to modern technologies and digital resources remains uneven. In Russian legislation, AI is not recognized as a subject of copyright, which creates uncertainty in regulating the use of its products. International organizations such as UNESCO emphasize the importance of forming an ethical culture, developing digital literacy, and maintaining human control over the educational process. Successful integration of AI into educational practice requires a comprehensive approach that includes improving the regulatory framework, developing new ethical standards, and increasing the digital competence of all participants in the educational process. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the comprehensive analysis of the legal and ethical aspects of using AI in language education, and the practical significance lies in proposing specific measures to improve the regulatory framework, form ethical standards, and increase the digital competence of participants in the educational process. In the future, it is necessary to conduct research aimed at assessing the effectiveness of regulations for the use of AI in educational institutions, studying the impact of ethical standards on teaching and academic integrity, as well as monitoring changes in the motivation and cognitive development of students in the context of the active use of AI.
Keywords: artificial intelligence in education, AI and legal norms, ethics of AI application in education, foreign language teaching
References:
1. Pashchuk E.O. Problemnye voprosy priznaniya avtorskoho prava na proizvedeniya neyroseti: pravovoy aspekt [Problematic issues of recognition of copyright on neural network works: legal aspect]. Voprosy rossiyskoy yustitsii – Issues of Russian Justice, 2023, no. 24, pp. 213–219 (in Russian). EDN: RLLMJI
2. Hutson J. Rethinking Plagiarism in the Era of Generative AI. Journal of Intelligent Communication, 2024, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 20-31. doi: 10.54963/jic.v4i1.220
3. Morkhat P.M. Pravosub’’yektnost’ iskusstvennogo intellekta v sfere prava intellektual’noy sobstvennosti: grazhdanskopravovyye problemy. Avtoref. dis. dokt. yurid. nauk [Legal capacity of artificial intelligence in the field of intellectual property law: civil law problems. Avtoref. diss. doct. of juridical sci.]. Moscow, RGAIS Publ., 2019. 435 p. (in Russian).
4. Fedoruk E.O. Kontseptual’nye osnovy yuridicheskoy otvetstvennosti v sfere primeneniya iskusstvennogo intellekta [Conceptual foundations of legal responsibility in the field of artificial intelligence application]. Yuridicheskaya nauka – Legal Science, 2024, no. 7, pp. 50–54. doi: 10.24412/2220-5500-2024-7-50-54 (in Russian).
5. Khasanova V.N. Avtorsvo produkta, sozdannogo iskusstvennym intellektom: pravovoy aspekt [Authorship of product created by artificial intelligence: legal aspect]. Mediasreda – Media Environment, 2023, no. 2, pp. 71–74. doi: 10.47475/2070-0717-2023-02-71-74 (in Russian).
6. Vasileva A.S. K voprosu o nalichii avtorsikh prav u iskusstvennogo intellekta [On the question of the existence of copyright in artificial intelligence]. Zhurnal Suda po intellektual’nym pravam – Journal of the Intellectual Rights Court, 2022, issue 4 (38), pp. 107–116 (in Russian).
7. Gurova M.E. Pravo intellektual’noy sobstvennosti: avtorskoye pravo na trudy II [Intellectual property law: copyright on works of artificial intelligence]. Skif. Voprosy studencheskoy nauki – Skif. Issues of Student Science, 2021, no. 6 (58), pp. 231–234 (in Russian). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pravo-intellektualnoy-sobstvennosti-avtorskoe-pravo-na-trudy-iskusstvennogo-intellekta (accessed 04 June 2025).
8. Grazhdanskiy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii (chast’ chetvyortaya, st. 1274) ot 18.12.2006 № 230-FZ (red. ot 22.07.2024) [Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part Four, Art. 1274) dated 18.12.2006 No. 230-FZ (edited 22.07.2024)]. 23 p. (in Russian).
9. Rasporyazheniye Pravitel’stva RF ot 19 avgusta 2020 g. № 2120-r “Ob utverzhdenii Kontseptsii razvitiya regulirovaniya otnosheniy v sfere tekhnologiy II i robototekhniki na period do 2024 g.” [Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated August 19, 2020 No. 2120-r “On approval of the Concept of Development of Regulation of Relations in the field of AI and Robotics Technologies until 2024”]. Garant.ru. 6 p. (in Russian). URL: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/74391284/ (accessed 04 June 2025).
10. Guidance for generative AI in education and research. Paris: UNESCO, 2023. URL: https://doi.org/10.54675/EWZM9535 44 p.
11. Ivanov V.V., Nesterov A.Yu., Yanchenko I.P. Eticheskiye i pravovyye aspekty primeneniya tekhnologiy generativnogo iskusstvennogo intellekta pri podgotovke kvalifikatsionnykh i nauchnykh rabot [Ethical and legal aspects of applying generative artificial intelligence technologies in preparation of qualification and scientific works]. Vestnik Samarskogo universiteta. Seriya: Istoriya, pedagogika, filologiya – Bulletin of Samara University. History, Pedagogy, Philology, 2024, no. 4, pp. 23–32 (in Russian). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/eticheskie-i-pravovye-aspekty-primeneniya-tehnologiy-generativnogo-iskusstvennogo-intellekta-pri-podgotovke-kvalifikatsionnyh-i (accessed 04 June 2025).
12. Yarovoy A.V., Bystrov D.S. Zashchita prav na rezultaty intellektual’noy deyatel’nosti, sozdavayemyye tekhnologiey iskusstvennogo intellekta [Protection of rights to the results of intellectual activity created by artificial intelligence technology]. Iskusstvo pravovedeniya – Art of Jurisprudence, 2022, no. 2 (2), pp. 25–34 (in Russian).
13. Titova S.V., Chikrizova K.V. Razrabotka i ispol’zovaniye obuchayushchikh materialov na baze II v vuzakh: pravovyye aspekty [Development and use of educational materials based on AI in universities: legal aspects]. Vyssheye obrazovaniye v Rossii – Higher Education in Russia, 2025, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 91–111. doi: 10.31992/0869-3617-2025-34-6-91-111 (in Russian).
14. Rol’gayzer A.A. Perspektivy ispol’zovaniya iskusstvennogo intellekta v praktike prepodavaniya inostrannogo yazyka [Prospects for using artificial intelligence in foreign language teaching]. Aktual’nyye voprosy lingvodidaktiki i metodiki prepodavaniya inostrannykh yazykov – Current Issues of Linguodidactics and Methods of Foreign Language Teaching, 2022, pp. 243–248 (in Russian).
15. Tursynbek A.Zh. Etika i iskusstvennyy intellekt v obrazovanii [Ethics and artificial intelligence in education]. Vestnik nauki – Bulletin of Science, 2024, no. 3 (72), pp. 292–295 (in Russian). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/etika-i-iskusstvennyy-intellekt-v-obrazovanii (accessed 04 June 2025).
16. AI competency framework for teachers. Paris: UNESCO, 2023. 46 p. URL: https://doi.org/10.54675/ZJTE2084
17. Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Paris: UNESCO, 2022. 42 p. URL: https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/recommendation-ethics-artificial-intelligence (accessed 04 June 2025).
18. Ivakhnenko E.N., Nikol’skiy V.S. ChatGPT v vysshem obrazovanii i nauke: ugroza ili tsennyy resurs? [ChatGPT in higher education and science: threat or valuable resource?]. Vyssheye obrazovaniye v Rossii – Higher Education in Russia, 2023, no. 4, pp. 9–22. URL: https://doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2023-32-4-9-22 (in Russian).
19. Konstantinova L.V., Vorozhikhin V.V., Petrov A.M., Titova E.S., Shtykhno D.A. Generativnyy iskusstvennyy intellekt v obrazovanii: diskussii i prognozy [Generative artificial intelligence in education: discussions and forecasts]. Otkrytoye obrazovaniye – Open Education, 2023, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 36–48. URL: https://doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2023-2-36-48 (in Russian).
20. Sysoev P.V. Etika i II-plagiat v akademicheskoy srede: ponimaniye studentami voprosov soblyudeniya avtorskoy etiki i problemy plagiata v protsesse vzaimodeystviya s generativnym iskusstvennym intellektom [Problematic issues of recognition of copyright on neural network works: legal aspect]. Vyssheye obrazovaniye v Rossii – Higher Education in Russia, 2023, no. 24, pp. 213–219 (in Russian). EDN: RLLMJI (in Russian).
21. Schwab K., Davis N. Tekhnologii chetvertoy promyshlennoy revolyutsii [The Fourth Industrial Revolution Technologies]. Moscow, Bombora Publ., 2022. 320 p.(in Russian).
22. GOST RF R71567 “II v obrazovanii” [GOST RF R71567 “AI in Education”]. 2025 (in Russian). URL: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1309958832 (accessed 04 June 2025).
23. Kubrak V.S. Ogranicheniya sfery deystviya iskluchitel’nykh prav primenitel’no k rezul’tatam, sozdannym s pomoshch’yu tekhnologiy iskusstvennogo intellekta [Limitations of the scope of exclusive rights applicable to results created using artificial intelligence technologies]. Legal Bulletin, 2022, no. 3, pp. 121–129 (in Russian). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ogranicheniya-sfery-deystviya-isklyuchitelnyh-prav-primenitelno-k-rezultatam-sozdannym-s-pomoschyu-tehnologiy-iskusstvennogo (accessed 04 Jne 2025).
24. Kondrakhina N.G., Petrova O.N. Ispol’zovaniye vozmozhnostey iskusstvennogo intellekta dlya prepodavaniya inostrannykh yazykov: novaya real’nost’ [Using artificial intelligence capabilities for teaching foreign languages: new reality]. MNKO, 2024, no. 1 (104), pp. 360–363 (in Russian). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ispolzovanie-vozmozhnostey-iskusstvennogo-intellekta-dlya-prepodavaniya-inostrannyh-yazykov-novaya-realnost (accessed 29 June 2025).
25. Sysoev P.V., Filatov E.M. Chat-boty v obuchenii inostrannomu yazyku: preimushchestva i spornye voprosy [Chatbots in foreign language learning: advantages and controversial issues]. Vestnik Tambovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Gumanitarnye nauki – Bulletin of Tambov State University. Series: Humanities, 2023, no. 1, pp. 66–72. URL: https://doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2023-28-1-66-72 (in Russian).
26. Potemkina T.V., Avdeeva Yu.A., Ivanova U.Yu. Vzaimodeystviye s iskusstvennym intellektom kak potentsial programmy obucheniya inostrannomu yazyku v aspiranture [Interaction with artificial intelligence as a potential of foreign language teaching program in postgraduate studies]. Vyssheye obrazovaniye v Rossii – Higher Education in Russia, 2024, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 67–85. URL: https://doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2024-33-5-67-85 (in Russian).
27. Kuryan S.M., Petrushkevich M.A. Eticheskiye printsipy primeneniya tekhnologiy iskusstvennogo intellekta v obrazovatel’nom protsesse [Ethical principles of artificial intelligence technologies application in educational process]. MNKO, 2025, no. 2 (111), pp. 411–414 (in Russian). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/eticheskie-printsipy-primeneniya-tehnologiy-iskusstvennogo-intellekta-v-obrazovatelnom-protsesse (accessed 04 June 2025).
28. Titova S.V., Kharlamenko I.V. Struktura professional’noy kompetentsii pedagoga inostrannykh yazykov v oblasti ispol’zovaniya iskusstvennogo intellekta [Structure of professional competence of a foreign language teacher in the field of artificial intelligence usage]. Yazyk i kul’tura – Language and Culture, 2025, no. 69, pp. 220–246. doi: 10.17223/19996195/69/11 (in Russian).
( 485.04 kB ) 
( 443.16 kB )
Issue: 2, 2026
Series of issue: Issue 2
Rubric: THEORY AND METHODS OF TEACHING AND EDUCATION
Pages: 84 — 95
Downloads: 74