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SEMANTIC-STYLISTIC AND FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF CONTEXTUAL SYNONYMS AS EXAMPLES OF ALTERNATE NOMINATION // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2018. Issue 2 (191). P. 41-47

The theory of nomination still has many open questions to be thoroughly studied and gaps to be filled. Contextual synonymy is one of those fields that need closer look at the processes and mechanisms of creating new naming units or adding new meanings to the existing ones. This article represents the results of the research on the phenomenon of contextual synonymy in its semantic, stylistic and functional aspects. Contextual synonyms are viewed as examples of alternate nomination. The distinction is made between language synonyms and contextual ones. Their comparative occurrence within football subdiscourse is studied. As follows from the results of the analysis of more than 200 articles and running commentaries there is a variety of regularly used clichés which are based on specific recurrent semantic schemes. Typical patterns for creating contextual synonyms as examples of secondary nomination of football teams and players are derived from above mentioned semantic schemes. To prove their existence the author provides a considerable amount of examples. Alongside with the cliché variants there are many occasional cases of creating contextual synonyms that are unique in their nature. It is observed which part of speech is exposed to stronger contextual multiplication, particularly noun or verb groups. Further on the author analyses specific aspects of using contextual synonyms and determines their functions in the text.

Keywords: contextual synonymy, language synonyms, contextual synonyms, contextual synonymic row, semantic schemes

CONTEXTUAL SYNONYMY IN CONCEPTUALIZATION AND LANGUAGE ACTUALIZATION PROCESSES (STUDY OF FOOTBALL NOMINATIONS) // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2019. Issue 4 (201). P. 57-65

Introduction. In this article on the example of football discourse texts, we look at the role of contextual synonymy in processes of conceptualization and language actualization. We analyze plurality of nominations at the intersection of theory of nomination, cognitive linguistics, discourse analysis, semantics and lexicology. The purpose of the study is to identify the role of contextual synonyms (CC) in the actualization and conceptualization of football concepts, with the COP being the main source of diversity in football nominations. Material and methods. Context in its broad meaning as a situation of communication, as well as in its narrow understanding as immediate surroundings of a word, largely determines the choice of lexical units and their semantics. Therefore, it makes it impossible to study plurality of nominations outside of context without overlooking or misrepresenting some significant information. That is why in this article we use the method of contextual-semantic analysis of nominations. Results and discussion. Language nominations show the way the author of an utterance conceptualizes a certain notion. These lexical variants in their turn, being «voiced» to the recipient, cause certain changes in the structure of recipient’s concepts, enriching them with new ideas, associations and connotations. Contextual synonyms serve as the main source of plurality of nominations, hence play an important part in language actualization of concepts and conceptualization itself. Applying contextual-semantic analysis to football nominations we discovered the following contextual synonyms of popular football concepts: to score (a goal) – to head (in/home), to fire, to net, to complete, to turn (home), to force, to slot, to slam, to smash, to shoot, to finish); a goal – home, the bottom corner, the net, the side netting, target; a goal (as a score/point) – an opener, the equalizer, the winner, a brace, a second, a finish, a stunner, a triumph, a free-kick, an effort; football/ball – danger, diamond, fruit. The variety of lexical actualizations is an indication of semantic richness of conceptualized units, and their importance to communicants. Culture and language specific features of football concepts represent the prospects of further research.

Keywords: contextual synonymy, contextual synonyms, nomination, invariant, concept, contextual-semantic analysis, conceptualization, language actualization

SEMANTIC NOMINATION SCHEMES OF FOOTBALL TEAMS AND PLAYERS (COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONTEXTUAL SYNONYMS IN RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH) // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2020. Issue 2 (208). P. 21-28

Introduction. In this article we study the secondary nominations of football teams and players in English and Russian, which are created by contextual synonyms (CS) and follow specific semantic schemes identified by us in the result of the research on football texts. The purpose of this research is to study semantic nomination schemes in English and Russian in order to establish similarities and differences in the processes of nomination and reference in the researched languages. Material and methods. The object of this study is football discourse. We looked at football coverages, articles, reports, interviews and live-text commentaries. We did not distinguish between different genres of football texts since our main focus and research subject was contextual synonymy that creates plurality of nominations. The main research methods are contextual-semantic analysis of nominations, discourse analysis, descriptive, comparative and contrastive methods. Results and discussion. We identified the schemes of secondary nomination of football teams and players that reoccur in football discourse “travelling” from one text to another. This can be indicative of relative versatility of these schemes for multiple football discourse texts. We compared the English semantic schemes with the Russian ones, identified by us in our previous research. We discovered 14 equivalent schemes common for both languages. In addition, we looked at schemes that differ in certain ways in the researched languages, or are missing at all in one of them. Conclusion. In both English and Russian, there are multiple contextually synonymous nominations of football teams and players, which follow similar semantic schemes. However, each of the languages under study shows its specific nature when it comes to forming some nominations due to structural and systemic differences of the languages. The knowledge of these schemes, especially their differences proves useful in teaching and practice of translation and interpretation, and also in journalists’ and commentators’ praxis.

Keywords: contextual synonymy, contextual synonyms, nomination, semantic nomination schemes, contextualsemantic analysis of nominations