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| 1 | The conceptual positions of "understanding sociology" are considered in a context of author's representations about behavior and activity. The central abstraction of M. Veber’s sociology is "an aim-rational action " as maximum accessible to understanding. In the article it shows that the ideal form of the aim-rational action is the subject activity (or simply activity). Unlike the last one the social behavior is determined by motivation refracted in statement of the purpose, the adequate means of it can not be available in social sphere. In this connection the interpretation (understanding) of behavior cannot be exhausted by the aim-rational action. The concepts "behavior" and "activity" are submitted by the author as the forms of activity, the rational and non-rational components of human social action are formed in the context Keywords: «understanding sociology» by M. Veber, target-rational action, subject activity, social behavior, interpretation (understanding) of behavior, notion «behavior», notion «activity» | 1848 | ||||
| 2 | The article considers forms of adaptive behaviour that are fundamental for the sociogenesis, that is, for the evolutionary process, during which cognitive abilities have been formed. The decisive role in this process belongs to the artifi cial phylogenetic human activity, which gave the start sociogenesis and appearance of cultural forms of social behaviour. The synthesis of these forms of activity is the result of the development of symbolic and evolutionarily new human mental abilities. Keywords: adaptation, activity, behaviour, sociogenesis | 1468 | ||||