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Some Peculiarities of the «Own/Strange» in Selkup Culture // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2004. Issue 1 (38). P. 74-78

The article considers peculiarities of objectivation of one of universal concepts – the concept «Own/Strange» in Selkup culture in comparison with Indo-European and, particularly, Russian culture.

Relativization Strategies in Eastern Khanty. // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2006. Issue 4 (55). P. 147-152

The paper outlines the relativization strategies employed by Eastern Khanty, an endangered underdescribed Finno-Ugric language spoken in Western Siberia. The notion of subordination employed here is confined mainly to morphosyntactic criteria such as clausal embedding and the use of non-finite verb-forms. The approach involves a synchronic analysis of structural patterns and functional-semantic features of relative clauses in the general functional theoretical framework. These syntactic constructions are also considered diachronically revealing the paratactic character of the Khanty complex sentences. The analysis is based on the Khanty narrative corpus, reference-grammars and dictionaries. The paper includes the analysis of morphosyntactic structures coding relative relations and other cases having different morphosyntactic manifestations, but the same underlying cognitive structure.

The Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Application of German Advertising Texts in Teaching Practice // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2006. Issue 9 (60). P. 99-104

The article addresses the usage of authentic advertising German texts and methods of applying them in teaching of German.

VERBALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT “EARTH” IN THE SELKUP AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2011. Issue 9 (111). P. 134-138

In this article the peculiarities of verbalization of the concept “Earth” in the Selkup and Russian languages are observed, key lexemes objectifying the studied concept are analyzed, common and characteristic conceptual features are distinguished.

Keywords: the concept “Earth”, conceptual feature, verbalization, the Selkup language, the Russian language

“SACRED PLACES” IN THE WORLDVIEW OF THE SELKUPS // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2012. Issue 10 (125). P. 85-88

The paper considers the analysis of the territory names that carry special status for performing the function of the world connection for Selkups. Sacred places are classifi ed in the article and a fragment of the worldview is consi dered on the basis of linguistic data.

Keywords: the Selkup language, worldview, ethnolinguistics, sacred places

ETHNOCULTURAL FEATURES OF WIND CATEGORIZATION IN THE WORLDVIEW OF SELKUPS // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2013. Issue 3 (131). P. 68-71

The article involves analysis of wind categorization based on the dialect material of the Selkup language. The paper considers the role of wind in the worldview of Selkup ethnic group, relevant wind characteristics, classification of the kinds of wind, atmospheric phenomena connected with the wind.

Keywords: the Selkup language, language worldview, categorization, conceptual feature, wind

ETHNOCULTURAL FEATURES OF SKY CATEGORIZATION IN THE WORLDVIEW OF THE SELKUPS // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2013. Issue 10 (138). P. 114-118

The article involves analysis of sky categorization based on the dialect material of the Selkup language. The paper considers the role of the sky in the worldview of the Selkup ethnic group, relevant sky, sun and rainbow characteristics.

Keywords: the Selkup language, language worldview, categorization, conceptual feature, sky, sun, rainbow

ETHNOCULTURAL FEATURES OF SKY CATEGORIZATION IN THE WORLDVIEW OF SELKUPS // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2014. Issue 4 (145). P. 67-71

The article involves analysis of water categorization based on the dialect material of the Selkup language. The paper considers the role of the water in the worldview of Selkup ethnic group, relevant water characteristics.

Keywords: the Selkup language, language worldview, categorization, conceptual feature, water

OBJECTIVIZATION OF FOREST IN THE WORLDVIEW OF SELKUPS // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2014. Issue 10 (151). P. 76-80

The article involves analysis of forest categorization based on the dialect material of the Selkup language. The paper considers the role of the forest in the worldview of Selkup ethnic groupand relevant forest characteristics. Everyday and mythopoetic perception of forest by the representatives of Selkup peoples is represented on the basis of folklore analysis and native literature. The role and function of trees in the Selkup culture and language are examined and observed in the article. On the basis of linguistic material analysis and results of association experiment trees having the most cultural value for the Selkup peoples are defined and described.

Keywords: the Selkup language, language worldview, objectivization, water

OBJECTIFICATION OF UNDERSTAN DING OF “LOWER WORLD” IN THE SELKUP LANGAUGE IN COMPARISON WITH THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2015. Issue 4 (157). P. 56-61

Conception of the Universe in the world of view of Selkup and Russian ethnic group is observed and considered. Horizontal and vertical worlds of view are studied and analyzed. Analysis of linguistic, ethnographic and culturological materials is performed for objectification study of visions of “Lower world” both in the Selkup and Russian languages. Issues and themes on localization of “Lower world” are observed and considered by emphasizing of inconsistency in its understanding and perception, connection of “Lower world” with the nether world was examined and cleared up, common and difference in the “Lower world” understanding in the Russian and Selkup culture is determined and revealed.

Keywords: the Selkup language, the Russian language, worldview, structure of the Universe, “Lower world”

OBJECTIVIZATION OF NATURAL PHENOMENA IN THE SELKUP AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES IN COMPARATIVE ASPECT // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2015. Issue 10 (163). P. 69-73

The general and distinctive characteristics of wind and atmospheric precipitation in linguistic worldview of representatives of the Selkup and Russian ethnic groups are revealed and described. Morphoepic and pragmatic concepts of wind are interconnected in the linguistic worldviews of both ethnoses. The most relevant characteristics of wind are its force and direction in the linguistic worldviews of both ethnoses. In the dialects of the Selkup and Russian languages intensity and duration of atmospheric precipitation are marked. Folk works and compatibility of the lexemes denoting wind indicate personification and sacralization of wind in both cultures. In nominations of wind its negative or positive influence on economic activity of people is also reflected. The number of general characteristics of rain, objectivized in dialects of the Selkup and Russian languages, includes intensity of this atmospheric precipitation.

Keywords: linguistic worldview, nomination of wind, nomination of rain, a dialect, Selkup language, Russian language, comparison

TRANSFORMATION APPLICATION IN TRANSLATION OF SCIENTIFIC MEDICAL TEXTS FROM ENGLISH TO RUSSIAN // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2016. Issue 2 (167). P. 87-91

The article shows the transformation application in translation of scientific medical texts from English to Russian as the achieving equivalence method. The materials of research were 20 scientific medical Ophthalmology’s articles. The size in pages was 205. The research articles translations were made by professional translators and were published on the http://miroft.org.ua (special site for ophthalmology’s experts). The statistical analysis was made with using of special program for statistical analysis and graphics OriginPro 8.6. The article’s results have showed that the main translation transformation in ophthalmology’s article translations is lexical transformation. The least used transformation is mixed transformation (lexical and grammatical transformation). The characteristic feature of ophthalmology demands using the grammatical replacement, concretization, generalization and method tracing transformations more often than other transformations.

Keywords: translation, scientific text, equivalence, translation transformations, English, Russian

ROLE OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES IN THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS OF PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2016. Issue 4 (169). P. 70-75

The problem of the usage of project methods in the educational process of bachelors’ professional training in the pedagogical university is reviewed in the article. Particular attention is drawn to the interrelation between classroom and extracurricular work for the formation of professional competencies through project methods, since the right combination of extracurricular work with classroom provides greater flexibility and mobility of the entire system of educational activities in the pedagogical university. Effectiveness of this technique in future teachers’ professional training is empirically proven. The usage of this methodology is a demonstration of a highly qualified university teacher, his professionalism.

Keywords: federal state educational standard, higher professional education, project methods, competence, foreign language, pedagogical university

FIGURE OF FIRE IN THE WORLDVIEW OF SELKUPS // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2016. Issue 6 (171). P. 54-57

Sacral and ordinary components of fire in the linguistic worldview of Selkups are specified and described. In mythoepic perception fire connects the Upper, Middle and Lower worlds. Important status of fire is represented by big amount of restrictions and rules which violation is followed by negative consequences not only for one person but for the whole generation. In Selkup lexical unit tǖ ‘fire’ relates to animate nouns, and fire itself is perceived by Selkup as a living organism. As any other living organisms, fire is born, lives and dies. As a moment of birth of fire shall be considered a moment of its kindling – innä cotyqo ‘to kindle’. To support its life fire needs a feed – wood (tǖj apsot). The process of burning is to be considered as a continuous repast of fire: tǖ awēšpįgu ‘to burn’, literally tǖ ‘fire’, awēšpįgu ‘to eat’. Life cycle is finished by “death” of fire – extinction: illä qapteǯegu ‘to extinct’. Fire is given with vivific power and ability to wake the dead. In folk literature and Selkup mythology fire is personified with the figure of Lady of fire (tǖn amba).

Keywords: Selkup language, language worldview, fire, figure, personification, connection of worlds

METEOROLOGICAL VOCABULARY OF THE SELKUP AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES IN THE COMPARATIVE ASPECT // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2016. Issue 10 (175). P. 94-97

The meteorological vocabulary of the Russian and Selkup dialects reflects practical aspects of the spiritual and applicative learning of the world around by these ethnoses. The atmospheric phenomena and atmospheric precipitation are named differently in the dialects depending on a way and duration of their fall, the size of drops/flakes, force and direction, presence or absence of other atmospheric phenomena. A large number of names are received by those atmospheric phenomena or weather conditions which negatively influence economic activity: long incessant rain; snow with the wind, blizzard; cold weather. The considerable part of the Russian meteorological vocabulary consists of the names of long incessant rain while the Selkup language is characterized by a large number of the names of snow and cold weather.

Keywords: meteorological vocabulary, the Selkup language, the Russian language, dialect, comparison

SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF THE USE OF NATIONAL TRADITIONS IN EDUCATIONAL PROCESS // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2016. Issue 11 (176). P. 120-123

The social and economic transformations occurring in the modern society inevitably cause the change of educational policy of the Russian Federation. The modern educational system has to reflect not only the interests of the state, but also the interests of the separate ethnoses and ethnic groups living on the territory of Russia. One of the possible ways of implementation of the new educational doctrine of the general education is the use of national traditions in educational process. The national pedagogy is a reliable basis for improvement of quality of teaching and educational process as it reflects ideals and views of the nation, concepts of a person, family, children, and upbringing of younger generation. The sayings, proverbs, fairy tales, legends, and songs handed down from generation to generation reflect the riches of pedagogical culture of various ethnoses and ethnic groups. The national pedagogy represents a set of pedagogical data and educational experience which has remained in narratives, customs, and ceremonies. The modern educational system has to realize the principle ‘from perception of the culture of your own nation through the native language to the culture of the neighboring people’, then to inclusion to the world culture. The leading idea of ethnopedagogy is the achievement of the harmonious development of the personality due to the natural and biological, social and spiritual potential of this or that ethnos. The attitude to the world with the moral responsibility before the world and itself was created in the national pedagogy.

Keywords: national pedagogy, ethnocultural component, national traditions, educational process

OBJECTIVATION OF WAYS OF WORLDLY SPACE STRUCTURING IN THE SELKUP AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2017. Issue 3 (180). P. 47-50

Each ethnos has its own ideas of the world and the system of worldly space structuring that allows orienting in space. The idea of the three-part structure of the world including the Upper, Middle and Lower Worlds is common for many nations as well as the idea of existence of vertical and horizontal projections of the universe. In mythology the Upper World is connected with the highest gods. It is located over people. The Middle World is the place inhabited by people and animals. The Lower World is associated with the world of evil spirits and the dead. It is located under the ground or water. Ethnographic and linguistic material demonstrates coexistence of vertical and horizontal world projections in the Selkup worldview and presence of only the vertical world projection in the Russian one. The Middle World being according to the ancient beliefs the world for people and animals is the most significantly objectivized both in the Selkup and the Russian languages. The analysis of linguistic and ethnographic material allowed revealing essential differences in the Selkup and Russian ways of worldly space structuring. The circular type of space structuring is typical for the Russian ethnos as the representative of the farming culture. There is the house and householding buildings on the fenced territory in the center of the Russian worldly space, the next concentric circle includes the settlement, the second concentric circle consists of the fields and pastures having an important economic value, the third concentric circle includes forest grounds, the fourth is represented by the distant spaces. People feel the most familiar with the next and the second concentric circles and less familiar with the third and fourth concentric circles. The representatives of the Selkup ethnos orient in surrounding space relying on focal points by specification of their arrangement relative to each other. The focal points are a river, a forest and a house.

Keywords: space, Selkup, Russian, mental map, focal point, comparison

VERBS OF INDEPENDENT MOVEMENT ON A FIRM SURFACE IN THE SELKUP LANGUAGE // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2017. Issue 6 (183). P. 96-99

The verbs denoting independent movement on a firm surface in the Taz, central and southern dialects of the Selkup language are considered. In the dialects of the Selkup language the lexico-semantic group of verbs of motion is represented by a significant amount of the verbs describing various ways of the movement, its nature, general orientation against the speaker, conditions in which this movement occurs, etc. There is a relatively little number of polysemantic verbs among the verbs of movement in the dialects of the Selkup language and the number of meanings of verbs is insignificant as well. Most Selkup verbs of motion (60 %) are monosemantic, about 60 % of meanings do not repeat, i.e. they are peculiar to one verb of motion. In the Selkup lexico-semantic group of verbs of motion the synonymic relations are poorly developed in comparison with Russian in spite of the fact that among the verbs of motion in the Selkup language the synonymy is more developed than in other lexico-semantic groups of the studied language. The verb qənqo is the central element of the lexico-semantic group of verbs of motion in the Taz dialect of the Selkup language. The semantics of this verb does not include the description of conditions in which the movement occurs, its direction, way and mode. The verbs čāǯįgu and kwangu are the central elements of the lexico-semantic group of verbs of motion in the southern and central dialects of the Selkup language. Description of the general direction of the movement (making nearer or farther) and orientation in space is the most essential thing for the Selkup verbs of motion. There are several specifics of the lexico-semantic group of verbs of motion in the dialects of the Selkup language: existence of the space-oriented verbs; the verbs denoting movements in space made by means of certain devices / vehicles; almost full incompatibility of the verbs of motion with the abstract nouns and nouns denoting objects, incapable of the independent movement. The movement and the ability to the movement is a marker of animateness, on the basis of this marker representatives of the Selkup ethnos differentiate animated and inanimate, i.e. alive and dead. Everything that moves is animated.

Keywords: verbs of motion, verbs of movement, movement direction, the Selkup language

VERBS OF DIRECTED AND UNDIRECTED MOVEMENT IN THE SELKUP LANGUAGE // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2017. Issue 10 (187). P. 122-126

Verbs of movement in the Selkup dialects denote different ways of movement, its nature, general orientation of the movement against the speaker, environment in which this movement occurs, and a number of additional components. Most Selkup verbs of movement are monosemantic, about 60% of meanings does not repeat, i. e. they are peculiar to one verb of movement. In the analyzed group of verbs of movement the synonymic relations are poorly developed in comparison with Russian in spite of the fact that among the Selkup verbs of movement the synonymy is more developed than in other lexico-semantic groups of the studied language. Selkup verbs of movement are divided into two groups: verbs of undirected movement and verbs of directed movement. Lexico-semantic group of verbs of undirected movement has the core which is formed by the most frequent polysemantic verbs kwangu, čāǯįgu and qənqo, and also periphery which is formed by the verbs of undirected movement including such lexico-semantic components as ‘environment in which the movement occurs’, ‘way of the movement’, ‘speed of the movement’, «figurative characteristic of the movement» in their meanings. The orientation sign of verbs of directed movement receives a specification. It is lexically expressed in specification of the direction by serial postpositions; grammatically it is specified by the formants coinciding with suffixes of the inflectional system. The group of verbs of directed movement includes verbs of absolute direction and verbs of relative direction. Verbs of absolute direction include verbs of vector movement in vertical direction and verbs of vector movement in horizontal direction. The Selkup verbs of movement are characterized by denoting the general movement direction (approach or removal) and orientation in space.

Keywords: Selkup language, verbs of directed movement, verbs of undirected movement

SOMATIC VOCABULARY OF THE SELKUP LANGUAGE: MORPHOSYNTACTIC ANALYSIS // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2018. Issue 5 (194). P. 43-46

The article represents the morphosyntactic analysis of somonims of the Selkup language. The undertaken research corresponds to the relevant problems of modern linguistics consisting in the need of documentation and description of the languages which are under the threat of disappearance. In spite of the fact that the Selkup language has been an object of researches for many years and it has been studied in different aspects, the morphosyntactic structure of somatic vocabulary of the Selkup language has not been exposed to the system analysis yet. Somatic vocabulary of the Selkup language is represented by several types of morphosyntactic structures: simple words; compound words with coordinative and subordinative types of linking of stems; phrases. Simple somonims are frequently used in possessive form of the third person singular. It is attached possession. Simple somonims can rarely add other suffixes. In somatic vocabulary only one case of shifting of the simple somonim to another part of speech has been revealed. The components of compound words and phrases are mostly nouns and adjectives. The subordination is expressed either by the possessive form of the third person singular or by the genitive case. The second component can be represented by any other part of speech.

Keywords: the Selkup language, somatic vocabulary, morphosyntax, simple words, compound words, phrases

STRUCTURE OF A SIMPLE SENTENCE: TRADITIONAL AND MODERN APPROACHES // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2018. Issue 8 (197). P. 56-61

The main traditional and modern approaches to the research of a simple sentence structure are considered. In traditional linguistics the simple sentence is studied from positions of the logical, psychological, structural and functional approaches. The logical approach having come from Aristotle’s works operates with terms of logic: a subject, a predicate which are considered as components of a thought structure. The psychological approach goes back to works of neogrammarians. In the psychological approach a sentence is considered as linguistic expression of combination of psychological concepts in perception of a speaker and as the instrument of generation of these concepts and their binding in perception of a listener. The structural and functional approach includes the theory of actual division of the sentence, the theory of communicative dynamism and the theory of informative structure of a sentence. The actual division means division of the sentence into the starting point (basis) of a statement and the core of a statement. According to the adherents of the second theory, there is communicative dynamism in each element of the sentence and the degree of communicative dynamism is directly connected with the status of this element in the theme and rheme structure of a sentence. According to the third theory, informative structure of a statement and thematic structure are different, though they are interconnected by the levels of communicative and semantic structure of a statement. The researches on syntax in cognitive and functional aspects as well as study of the sentence structure from positions of generative grammar are widely spread in modern linguistics.

Keywords: simple sentence, structure, communicative division of a sentence actual division of a sentence, informatiove structure of a sentence, argument structure

SENTENCE STRUCTURE IN A FOLKLORE TEXT (ON THE MATERIAL OF SELKUP FOUR-LINE RACY FOLK RHYMES) // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2020. Issue 2 (208). P. 111-116

Introduction. The syntax of the Selkup language has long remained a “white spot” on the linguistic map of the Samoyed linguistics. Phonology, morphology and vocabulary of Selkup dialects have repeatedly been the subject of scientific researches by representatives of various scientific linguistic schools. Much fewer scientific works are devoted to research of the syntactic features of the Selkup language, and most of this small number are based on material from the Northern dialects, while the Central and Southern dialects of the Selkup language have long remained out of the view of linguists. These factors make the study relevant. Material and methods. The material of the study are 30 four-line racy folk rhymes in the Narym dialect of the Selkup language. The main methods of the research are popular scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and specific scientific (linguistic) methods: comparative, descriptive, method of immediate constituent analysis. Results and discussions. A brief overview of the syntax studies of different dialects of the Selkup language is presented, structural analysis of the texts of the four-line racy folk rhymes of the Narym Selkups is carried out, word order is analyzed, repetition as one of the main folklore techniques is considered. In terms of structure, 60.9 % of the sentences analyzed are two-part sentences, 39.1 % are one-part sentences. The most frequent word order in two-part sentences is SVO (16.66 %), in the second place is SOV (7 %), in the third - OSV (4.7 %); there are very few sentences with word order OVS (2.38 %). The most frequent repetitions revealed in the study are concentrating repetitions. Conclusion. A four-line racy folk rhyme as a special folklore genre borrowed from the Russians became widespread among the Narym Selkups. This genre is expected to have rhyme and influences the structural and syntactic organization of the sentence. Repetitions serve the function of structural organization of the text of a fourline racy folk rhyme, highlighting the most significant content components, and are less involved in its syntactic organization.

Keywords: the Selkup language, a four-line racy folk rhyme, word order, repetition

TRANSLATION QUALITY EVALUATION: THE PROBLEM OF FINDING EFFECTIVE STANDARDS, CRITERIA AND PARAMETERS // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2022. Issue 1 (219). P. 54-64

Introduction. Translation being one of the oldest types of activities is getting particular importance in the modern global world. Translators face the need to accelerate the translation speed, since the development of science, industry, trade, and other spheres of modern society depends on the speed and quality of translation of large amounts of information into different languages. It is becoming increasingly difficult to ensure the quality of translation under such conditions. The very concept of translation quality, although it has been the object of research for many years, is still not clearly defined, while there are different approaches to evaluating the quality of translation in general and specifically there is no single concept of the quality of written translations and a single generally accepted classification of translation errors. This means that such evaluations are not unified and their use may be doubtful. Aim and objectives. The aim of the article is to compare the main approaches to translation quality evaluation as well as existing standards, criteria and parameters for translation quality evaluation. Research methods. The research has used general scientific (methods of logic: analysis, synthesis, generalization); specific scientific (linguistic) methods: descriptive, comparative. Results and discussion. Translation theorists offer several approaches to evaluating the translation quality, which can be reduced to two large groups: quantitative and non-quantitative approaches. To regulate the quality of translations, different states have developed their own regulatory documents and standards. These documents differ significantly from each other: some documents contain requirements for the translation performed (European Translation Quality Standard), others list the types of translation and specify their difference from each other (Russian National Standards), others do not contain exact criteria for quality translation, but provide a list of provisions that need to be taken into account before translating, and also describe in detail the structure of the translation project (American Quality Standard). Conclusion. Organizations engaged in translation in practice use a wide range of national and international translation quality standards, quality evaluation scales, as well as modern tools to quantify the translation quality, i.e. special computer programs to evaluate the quality of translations. The criteria to evaluate the quality of such tools are translation errors, the classifications and typologies of which are presented in a huge number. The absence of a single standard of quality and the periodic inventions of new tools for evaluation of the translation quality are caused by the variety of criteria imposed on the quality of different texts (differ both in theme and function or style). Despite the obvious failure to cover the full range of possible criteria for the qualitative translation of the entire variety of texts, a quantitative evaluation of the formal component of the quality of translated texts is being implemented everywhere.

Keywords: evaluation of translation quality, written translation, quality standards, quality criteria, quality parameters

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MODERN QA TOOLS FOR WRITTEN TRANSLATION // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2022. Issue 4 (222). P. 51-61

Introduction. Special tools for assessing the quality of written translation – QA-tools (in English Quality Assessment) find common types of errors in the target text according to pre-programmed formal signs. The initial condition for these tools is the availability of the source and target texts. The program compares the corresponding sections of texts (paragraphs, sentences or segments) and marks all sections with suspected errors, forming a special report. The goal is to compare QA modules integrated into automated translation programs and independent QA tools. Material and methods. Methods used in the research on QA modules integrated into automated translation programs and independent QA tools include general scientific methods (logic methods: analysis, synthesis, generalization); specific scientific (linguistic) methods: descriptive, comparative. Results and discussion. The advantage of QA modules integrated into the automated translation programs such as SDL Trados, SmartCAT, Déjà Vu, MemoQ and Wordfast is the ability to monitor the quality of translation without using additional software and time resources. The translator is already familiar with the interface of the program in which he works, and can edit the text in it immediately after checking. QA modules integrated into automated translation programs can be used to assess written translations of different themes, however, the functions of the SDL Trados program are the most optimal for working with stylistically colored texts. The main advantage of independent QA tools for assessing the quality of translations such as Xbench, QA Distiller, Verifika, ErrorSpy and Linguistic Toolbox is the absence of the need to install complex and resource-consuming CAT programs for proofreaders, editors and managers of translation projects. Conclusion. QA tools have their advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages of modern QA-tools are: optimization of routine quality checks of the target text at different stages of its readiness; the ability to customize individual quality criteria for each project; reduction of the total duration of the translation project; ensuring uniformity of the target text, minimizing errors, etc. The disadvantages of QA tools are: the need to spend additional resources (additional time and hard disk space in case of installation on a user’s computer); the high cost of programs and a limited set of functions in case of using free or demo versions; the need to study the interface and configure the program for different projects; detection of a large number of potential errors, not all of which are real errors.

Keywords: translation, quality assessment, specialized quality assessment tools

Confrontational strategies and tactics as a means of representing speech aggression in political communication (based on Olaf Scholz’s speech) // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2024. Issue 4 (234). P. 84-92

Nowadays, political communication uses a whole range of confrontational speech strategies and tactics aimed at discrediting opponents in an information war, as well as imposing their point of view and forming a certain public opinion regarding discredited objects. A confrontational strategy provides the speaker with the opportunity to express a negative attitude towards his opponent, hostility and willingness to enter into conflict to achieve his own goals, ignoring the goals and interests of the other side. A confrontational strategy involves retreat and even violation of moral and ethical norms. Confrontational speech strategies include strategies of submission and persuasion, discrediting. Each of the strategies is implemented using different speech tactics. In order to effectively counter the threats of negative information impact, it is necessary to identify the speech strategies and tactics used by the German Federal Chancellor Olaf Scholz, which determines the relevance of the study. The purpose of the research is to study the confrontational strategies and tactics in O. Scholz’s speech, affecting a mass audience and aimed at discrediting both the image of Russia itself and Russian foreign policy. The source of the research material was Olaf Scholz’s keynote speech, which he delivered to the German Federal Government on February 27, 2022. This speech was the FGR reaction to the beginning of a special military operation by the Russian Federation. Descriptive and comparative methods along with contextual analysis techniques, as well as definitional, semantic analysis were used to achieve this goal. The article analyzes two confrontational strategies used by Olaf Scholz: discrediting, submission and persuasion. The discrediting strategy is used more often than the strategy of submission and persuasion. The following discrediting tactics have been identified: accusation, negative forecasting and polarization. The strategy of submission and persuasion is objectified with the help of threats and orders. Confrontational tactics act both autonomously (in isolation) and in combination with each other (combined).

Keywords: speech aggression, confrontational speech strategy, discrediting strategy, strategy of submission and persuasion, speech tactics, political communication, the German language, Olaf Scholz