| # | Article | Downloads | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4801 | Zhukova E.A. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 1 (4). P. 51-52 . | 1854 | |||||
| 4802 | Chumakova L.P. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 3 (6). P. 11-14 . | 1854 | |||||
| 4803 | Tolstykh V.L. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 3 (6). P. 19-21 . | 1854 | |||||
| 4804 | The paper gives material about Director of the Tomsk Teacher's Institute Mitrofan Alexeevich Vodyannikov in 1906-1907. He was an honored teacher of the West Siberian educational region, and a leader of teacher's seminary. The basic teaching staff of the Institute has been formed under the guidance of M.A. Vodyannikov as a Director of higher school. | 1854 | |||||
| 4805 | The researcher focuses on the cnaracteristic of the entrepreneurship evolution as the most significant phenomenon in the economic and social life. The article draws the reader's attention on the historiography as well as determines perspectives in the study of entrepreneurship with the accent on peculiarities in Russia and Siberia | 1854 | |||||
| 4806 | The author considers several possible ways of study and formation of students’ motivation within conditions of real academic process from the position of NLP. Using the knowledge for directing a motivation in the planning of academic activity allows to achieve the academic objectives more efficiently in the groups consisting of representatives of various types (motivation “To”; motivation “From”). | 1854 | |||||
| 4807 | The article considers the conditions of functioning of the Narym Selkups language in 1920–1930. The paper is based on the materials of State Archive of Tomsk Region. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the factors influencing the linguistic situation and its development. These factors are of social, economic, ideological and cultural character, they were formed during the process of settling the system of Soviet values. The complex of the factors changed the linguistic situation in the Narym region and caused the continuous degradation of the ethnical and cultural identity of the Narym Selkups. | 1854 | |||||
| 4808 | The article deals with existing approaches to understanding and construction of pedagogical theories. The role of the subjective factor in their grounds is shown in the article. The author’s position in the projection of pedagogical theories is revealed, it is based on a system-synergetic methodology. Keywords: pedagogical theory, functions of pedagogical theory, the facts as the basis of construction of pedagogical theory, categorical apparatus and the logical structure of pedagogical theory, systematic and synergetic approach. | 1854 | |||||
| 4809 | The article is devoted to simulation of education settings learning. On the basis of historical and pedagogical analysis the authors suggest a model of the educational setting for the formation of the social competence of future teachers in rural schools. Keywords: modelling, educational environment, social competence, village school | 1854 | |||||
| 4810 | The article deals with the historical and theoretical problem of understanding and the birth development phenomenon of the department of general pedagogy and psychology – the titular department of the university. Keywords: education, history formation, higher education, department | 1854 | |||||
| 4811 | We consider models of massless p-ranks antisymmetric tensor fields (p-forms) in arbitrary D-dimensional curved space-time (p d D). Quantization of these models has been performed. We evaluate the effective actions of these models. The result is presented in terms of d`Alembertians acting on p-forms. Keywords: quantum fields in curved space-time, antisymmetric tensor fields, p-forms, gauge field theories, effective action | 1854 | |||||
| 4812 | We investigate to derive off-shell invariant twisted super Yang-Mills for N=2 in 2-dimensions and N=4 in 4-dimensions with a central charge by super connection ansatz formalism. We find off-shell invariant N=2 algebra with and without an extra constraint in 2-dimensions. On the other hand in 4-dimensions we find off-shell invariant N=4 twisted SUSY algebra including one central charge always with a constraint. Keywords: superspace, supersymmetry, Yang-Mills, quantization | 1854 | |||||
| 4813 | Statement of the problem regarding pedagogical activity development during student training is given herein. The federal state educational standards for higher professional education are analyzed for this purpose; as well as objectsubject area of PhD researches, and views of lecturers from pedagogical institutions on student training for pedagogical activity. Objectives, content and results of pedagogical training are pointed out as a criterion for analysis. Problem analysis also includes preliminary statement of the problem based on phenomenological analysis of the practice. The problem lies in that the pedagogical training is not considered from the perspective of pedagogical activity development. It is regarded from the position of readiness. The conducted analysis allowed defining the problem of research which consists in necessity for pedagogical activity development during student training. Keywords: student training, pedagogical activity, development and problem | 1854 | |||||
| 4814 | The article presents a methodology of working with post-modernist text, while teaching Russian as a foreign language. During the analysis, it is necessary to take into account specific characteristics such as the ‘out of the text’ information, implicitness and multiple meanings, deconstruction, and irony. The proposed methodology includes three steps: working with the cultural and historic context before taking up the text, interpreting the meaning of the fiction text and language based exercises, with special attention paid to them. The post-modernist text is considered an original fiction text and at the same time as didactic material. The case study of the short story by V. Pelevin illustrates basic characteristics of the post-modernist text and presents examples of language based exercises which can be used in audience speaking another language. Keywords: post-modernist text, philological analysis, interpretation, Russian as a foreign language | 1854 | |||||
| 4815 | The article presents the interim results of the study, the purpose of which is to study the possibilities of using new information and communication technologies in the areas of training implemented in higher educational institutions specializing in training specia lists in the humanitarian field. The relevance of the subject is considered taking into account the need to improve the teaching of the discipl ine “Informatics” using intersubject communications between the fields “Informatics” and “Culturology”. Scientific novelty and significance of the operation. Intermediate results of the conducted researche are carried out, some cultural features of the teaching discipline “Informatics” are analyzed. Some cultural features of teaching discipline “Informatics» to the first year students of the direction of training “Economics” are discussed. With the use of the service https://www.visualworld.ru/ the key terms that characterize the structure of the subject areas “Culturology” and “Informatics” are highlighted. The tasks aimed at forming the information culture of students, developed by the teachers and indicated by the author, taking into account the pragmatic, semantic and syntactic aspects of information, are considered. It is advisable to offer the students the assignments aimed at researching expositions of museums of a corresponding orientation for independent implementation. Using materials, developed by the teachers of department of informatics and mathematics, we have developed some information resources for training in the discipline “Informatics”. The statistics of the fulfillment of the tasks by the students consists in the fact that the students have mastered the autumn semester in the 2017/2018 academic year. Keywords: cultural science, information, interdisciplinary communications, teaching of the discipline “Informatics” | 1854 | |||||
| 4816 | Filimonov M.V. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 4 (13). P. 64-66 . | 1853 | |||||
| 4817 | The present article analyses motives of K. Vaginov's prose connected with «Mermaid» plots and images in Russian literature (in works by L. Mey, A. Maikcv, A. Blok, 1. Annensky. N. Gumilev, V. Khodassevich, V Khiebnikov, N. Zabofotsky, A. Grin etc.). Female characters of K. Vaginov try to realize themselves as sirens who destroy people. However, they, as a rule, do not succeed in doing that. On the opposite, they are suffering creatures whowa not only « collects» variants of different mermaids from works of literature, but aiso renovates plots about them. | 1853 | |||||
| 4818 | . | 1853 | |||||
| 4819 | The article gives characteristics of natural resour¬ces' peculiarities as elements of ecological systems, their similarities and distinctions from industrial means of production. It also underlines unique characteristics of nature and benefits to which production technolo¬gies should be adjusted. | 1853 | |||||
| 4820 | The article determines the contents of the educa¬tional complex, presents main theoretical approaches to the definition of its functions. It also considers cha¬racteristics of the educational complex in Russian eco¬nomy and emphasizes economic interests of the edu¬cational complex of subjects, their attitude to the ne¬cessity of performing the reforms in the educational system. | 1853 | |||||
| 4821 | - | 1853 | |||||
| 4822 | In the article we consider questions which arise in organization of level preprofile training of schoolchildren. This training is necessary for providing children with self-determination process which helps them find their own trajectories of education. Three levels of trial are described here: trial actions, profile trial and profession trial. We define the concept of «profile trial», study organisational and pedagogical requirements for implementing profile trial of schoolchildren in the process of secondary school and higher school interaction. Keywords: levels of preprofile training, trial actions, profile trial, profession trial; meaning of trial: trialexperience, trial-experiment, trial-test; secondary school-higher school, educational field. | 1853 | |||||
| 4823 | This article analyzes the social and educational work in the penal system with negative-minded part of the convicts, practical measures of educational work to overcome the negative symptoms among prisoners, the typology of negativeminded leaders of the convicts. Keywords: social and educational work, educational work, the subculture of convicts, the leaders of the negative- minded convicts | 1853 | |||||
| 4824 | The article examines the determined research layer concerning to the investigation of the invariant models in advertising discourse. The authors deal with the main steps of linguistic means usage of narrative constructions; analyse the choice of the narrative fi eld border lines. Also there are main characteristic of basic narrative constructions types, based on the interpreting praxis of the person existence experience in the social interaction system. Keywords: advertising discourse, narrative construction, communicator, addresser, advertising article, invariant model of communicative interaction | 1853 | |||||
| 4825 | The article reviews the issue of developing the contents of a Business English course for technical learners. The author reveals the problem of the didactic potential and the adequate planning of the curriculum for the purpose of the successful integration of a prospective graduate into the business environment. Keywords: business English, communicative competence, cross-cultural competence, background knowledge, cognitive skills, organizational skills, curriculum planning | 1853 | |||||
| 4826 | The article gives results of the experiment, aiming at comprehensive study of students’ perception features of journalistic texts in regional editions and revealing linguistic means that influence on the reader. Keywords: newspaper style, journalistic texts, analytical genres, text regularitivity, regularitivity lexical means | 1853 | |||||
| 4827 | This article deals with the problem of the necessary reforms for noncompetitive markets with a high degree of state involvement. Factual material is based on the study of the gas industry. The paper applies the methods of the new institutional economics in the analysis of the current position of the gas industry, as well as the method of modeling the process of the industry reform. The article examines the relationship of the gas industry with the external economic, political, social and technological environment. Keywords: institute, natural monopoly gas market liberalization, the national interest, stranded costs, institutional trap | 1853 | |||||
| 4828 | Discusses the development of ideas about gender and sexual education of children of preschool age in our country during the beginning of the 80’s to late 90-ies of XX century. This period is characterized by the weakening of the state power and reduction of ideological and social control. This has led to active penetration of foreign scientists’ ideas in the domestic pedagogical theory. The interest of the Soviet researchers to gender issues has increased. The education reform contributed to the implementation of preschool educational institutions alternative programs that have created positive conditions for the development and implementation of systems of sexual education of children of preschool age. Keywords: moral-sexual education, children of preschool age, gender, sex-role socialization, parents, family | 1853 | |||||
| 4829 | Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. Lomonosov, Arkhangelsk The article traces the limiting impact of zinc and copper in the soil-plant system, gives the scientific rationale and develops a regional system of environmental regulation of the content of heavy metals in soils of Arkhangelsk. Key points of comparison are concentrations of heavy metals in the soil, leading to a decrease in their accumulation (translocation) in plants, excess tissue in their maximum allowable concentrations and maximum allowable level, as well as the effect of the average soil phytotoxicity test applied to test-object (watercress). Critical level of these metals in the plant is achieved with a soil content of mobile forms of zinc at 5.0–13.0 mg / kg, copper – 2.0 mg / kg. This is below the maximum allowable concentration of mobile forms of heavy metals in soils of 1.5–1.8 times. Observes the decrease in the accumulation of zinc aerial parts of plants when the content in the soils of 45–50 mg / kg, copper – 4.2–5.2 mg / kg. There is a significant inverse relationship between phytotoxicity and content in the soils of zinc and copper. However, their concentration in the soil, leading to a moderate degree of phytotoxicity (30 %) accounted for zinc – 30 mg / kg for copper – 2.0 mg / kg, which is 1.3–1.5 times higher than the maximum allowable concentration mobile forms of heavy metals in soils. Based on regression analysis and comparison with regulatory measures adopted in Russia, has developed principles for the valuation of the regional conditions of the North. Set the concentration of total content and the content of mobile forms of zinc and copper, affecting the ecological status of grasses and soil phytotoxicity, picked averaged limiting concentration (total content and mobile forms) of these metals, which are soil polluters of Arkhangelsk. Keywords: urban soils, zinc, copper, ecological condition grasses, soil phytotoxicity, limiting concentration | 1853 | |||||
| 4830 | At the present time an urgent task is to develop innovative means of knowledge control. These means of control would allow to evaluate the subject results (knowledge, skills, attainments) as well as the metasubject results (maturity of universal educational actions). The developing character of control means is of particular importance. The paper deals with the modern methods of knowledge diagnostics which offer the approach to the creation of developmental math tests allowing to evaluate the maturity of universal educational actions. It is expected that according to this technique the software package will be developed. The requirements for this package will be reflected in its specification. Keywords: knowledge control, developmental tests, universal educational actions, metasubject results, software package | 1853 | |||||
| 4831 | The object of research is a language personality of modern Russian singer and poetess Irina Bogushevskaya. In this article we use definition of the term “language personality” and the three-level mоdel of language personality suggested by Yu. N. Karaulov. We performed the study on the material of the six interviews with I. Bogushevskaya, the texts of which are posted on the website of the radio “Mayak”. As the analysis shows, I. Bogushevskaya has a rich lexicon, uses book and conversational units in her speech, a lot of onyms and words of the thematic group “Music” (the names of musical instruments, musical styles and genres, etc.), as well as tropes and stylistic figures. Through the use of various means of language I. Bogushevskaya reaches at least two purposes implied by the subgenre of “star” interview: informs fans about the new facts in her creative life and awakens interest to her personality and creativity. Keywords: language personality, I. A. Bogushevskaya, “star” interview | 1853 | |||||
| 4832 | Introduction. A school graduate enters the changing, complex and uncertain world. In order to navigate the huge flow of information modern students should have fundamental knowledge and soft skills of the 21st century (communication skills, critical and creative thinking, teamwork). Teachers are managers of educational activities. It is necessary for teachers to organize productive and effective activities using different organizing forms. Management teams of schools need to organize methodological support for teachers and to motivate school teams to develop their professional skills. Aim and objectives. The aim of the article is to present intermediate results of the experience of the management team to prepare the team for changes, to introduce educational technologies in the learning process, to motivate teachers for self-development. Material and methods. The author presents the experience of the management team of municipal autonomous educational institution «Ulu-Yulskaya secondary school» Pervomayskiy region Tomskaya oblast. The management team organizes methodological support for teachers who use effective methods of development of soft skills. Also, the author presents the experience of teaching the course «Modern educational technologies as a resource for improving quality of education». The subject of discussion in this article is the model of creating a motivating educational environment focused on the continuous development of teachers of municipal autonomous educational institution «Ulu-Yulskaya secondary school» Pervomayskiy region Tomskaya oblast. Results and discussion. A model of creating a motivating educational environment for the systematic use of educational technologies by teachers. The interim results of the management team’s activities on preparing the team for changes, on introducing educational technologies into the learning process, and on motivating teachers to selfdevelopment are presented. Conclusion. Team forms, new approaches, social contracts, team-building activities, distributive training, systematic methodological support allows creating a motivating environment for the introduction and implementation of educational technologies and makes teachers to self-develop. Keywords: educational activities, team forms, soft skills, educational technologies, model of motivating educational environment, team building activities, social contracts, distributive training | 1853 | |||||
| 4833 | Introduction. The article provides a brief overview of the employment prospects of the technical universities graduates and describes one of the most urgent issues of modern Russian society which is the problem of successful employment of university graduates and optimal realization of their professional and personal potential. The realities of the modern Russian labor market are uncertain, so many university graduates do not have the opportunity to find a job in their specialty, to find a worthy application of the professional knowledge gained at the university. Aim and objectives. The aim of the article is to analyze the problems of motivation in foreign languages learning in the technical university and justify the need to develop certain measures to encourage motivation of students. Material and methods. In pedagogy and psychology, there are different approaches to understanding the essence, nature and structure of motivation. The methods of study and formulated interpretations of the concept “motivation” vary widely. In this article we analyzed pedagogical approaches, according to which motivation, actively involving students of technical higher education institution in the learning process, contributes to the formation of their foreign language competence. Results and discussion. As a result, the problem of creating certain conditions aimed at the increasing of the university graduates’ adaptability at the labor market is raised. This adaptability is based on the obtaining of additional knowledge and competencies. One of the ways to increase the competitiveness of the university graduates at the labor market is foreign language competence which is the complex of knowledge and skills that allows a university graduate to use a foreign language effectively both in professional activities and in social life. Moreover, foreign language competence is regarded today as an integral part of the general professional competence of a technical specialist. In order to obtain the optimal level of foreign language competence the authors recommend using the professional focused foreign language model which takes into account professional and language needs of technical specialists. The successful realization of professionally-focused foreign language education claims for a certain system of motivation, especially at technical universities, whose students have low motivation to study the foreign language due to the technical style of thinking and underestimation of the importance and value of foreign language knowledge in the future professional functioning. That is why the important pedagogical task is to motivate students to consciously perceive and learn a foreign language. Conclusion. Analyzing the general problems of motivation in the educational process, the authors generalize the pedagogical experience of the Faculty of Foreign Languages at the Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI). The article shows that professional development of future engineers, expansion of their socio-cultural, cognitive and informative horizons, are largely associated with the foreign language competence. The authors call for the technical universities teachers to expand the measures aimed at increasing the motivational level of students in the process of learning a foreign language. Keywords: improving of the adaptability of university graduates, foreign language competence, motivation to learn a foreign language, optimal organization of the educational process, the development of cognitive and professional motives, professional focused foreign language training, the educational potential of a foreign language | 1853 | |||||
| 4834 | One of the main contemporary teaching methodologies is popularization of scientific knowledge. The popularization of has own difficulties for social scientists. On the other hand, natural scientists refer to works of social scientists not very often. The authors of the work have come to the conclusion that it is necessary to create a general global methamethod to come over these shortcomings. | 1852 | |||||
| 4835 | The experimental setup for determination solid propetlant burning rate under acceleration is presented. It demonstrates the forming through canal on the model sample, containing of oxide catalyst Ca2Qr Slag shot test demonstrates the presence of metallic cobalt into slag shot after burning of model sample. The physical model of canal forming and evolution is present. | 1852 | |||||
| 4836 | In the article the author offers short history of the legal regulations about jury work formation in France and Russia and research the peculiarities of legal regulations about jury work nowadays (by the criminal procedure codes of France and Russian Federation). | 1852 | |||||
| 4837 | The article is devoted to very important problem of ethical knowledge – methodical explanation of phenomenon of ethics as a universal regulator of relationships in social, natural and spirit world. | 1852 | |||||
| 4838 | The article deals with the issues of students` information culture formation in distance learning, which are regarded to be not only as technical but also as humanitarian ones. The authors define pedagogical principles which may be used as background in modern courses of distance learning in higher institutions | 1852 | |||||
| 4839 | The article rums some aspects of analysis of the methodology of clusters formation and development in modern market economy. The anther examines the main directions of clusters influence on market competition. Keywords: clusters, structure, competition, innovational economy, completion connections, coordination, computability. | 1852 | |||||
| 4840 | In this article, the author proposes the concept of organizing of the service of medical and psychological support at higher school based on specialized medical institution. Complexes of therapeutic and prophylactic, diagnostic and psychotherapeutic interventions. Keywords: state of maladjustment, psychotherapeutic methods, service of medical and psychological support of the educational process at higher school | 1852 | |||||
| 4841 | The article reveals the aim, special features, stages and results of creating portfolio in the process of development of the social-ethical competence of law students. Keywords: portfolio, social-ethical competence, legal education, refl ection | 1852 | |||||
| 4842 | The paper provides the analysis of competitive activity of the box with the positions of sports physiology and proved the possibility of application of the respiratory technologies in order to increase aerobic abilities of sportsmen. Keywords: acyclic sports, aerobic and anaerobic training, boxing, recovery means, respiratory technologies | 1852 | |||||
| 4843 | The paper analyses figurative expressions with the denomination “bread” in the French and Russian languages. Figurative expressions of a language serve as an important source for getting information about national world perception because they reflect the spiritual and material culture in the language. The choice for figurative expressions with the components representing food is explained by the fact that food is one of the most vivid elements of national culture which is connected with the native speakers’ understanding of their national specificity. Although the French and Russian cuisines have distinctive features, four products are archetypically significant for both cultures: bread, butter, milk and honey. Their denominations in both languages are very widely represented in figurative expressions. The image of bread is the most significant one in the French and Russian cultures; figurative expressions with this component in both languages are based on the archetype of bread as the symbol of life, well-being and wealth. We believe that for assessing the potential of a figurative expression of a language it is necessary to combine the linguoculturological analysis with the analysis of discursive realization of a studied linguistic unit in different types of discourse. Thus the French figural expression “avoir du pain sur la planche” was analyzed both linguoculturologically and discursively in three meanings. The results have shown that this expression is widely used in different types of modern discourse only in one of its meanings. The results prove that discursive realization is the key element for studying figurative expressions and it should become the key component for complex investigation of the figurative layer of a language. Keywords: figurative layer of a language, figurative expressions, phraseological fund of a language, food denominations, the French cuisine, the Russian cuisine, linguoculturological analysis, discursive realization analysis, the Russian language, the French langua | 1852 | |||||
| 4844 | Introduction. Terminology contributes to the representation of the world picture because each lexical unit fixes the experience of both a separate nation and the whole mankind. The result of their interaction can be found in the perceptual unity and uniform representation of the world. Verbs, designating special notions, are the verbal representation of pragmatically revised scholary insight, which reflect the pattern of thoughtway, bases of mental activity, professional background, cultural and linguistic competence of specialists. Aim and objectives. The aim of the article is to study verbs, which designate special medical notions, and to show that they are a universal means to represent the world picture of medicine, and as a means which help to reveal the tramline and functioning of scientific thought. Material and methods. The material of the investigation includes one- and multiword verbs and verb phrases which represent various medical processes. Etymological, word-building and definitional analyses are used. Results and discussion. Universality which is characteristic of the world picture of medicine is reflected in the use of Greek and Latin terminological elements in the structure of a verb. National characteristics appear in the use of morphological elements and lexical and semantic principles of word-building. The world pictures of sciences also reflect historical evolution of notions and terms which can be revealed in the processes of terminologization and determinologization of verbs which are used in the language of medicine. The history of the development of special medical verbs demonstrates the interaction of the everyday and scientific world pictures. It is proved by etymology of verbs and polysemy of verbs within the medical discourse and with the verbs functioning in other branches of science. Lexical units which represent various medical processes are a kind of propositional structures which show a definite area of the world picture in its entirety. Thus, they can demonstrate the process as a cognitive script, which demonstrates implicitly the array of actions. It is a kind of metonymical representation of the process which is put into verbs. Conclusion. A verb can be considered as a means to interpret the world picture of this or that field of science. In regards to language of medicine the verbs allow to reveal the pattern and volume of semantic development of a word, to trace the scientific history of medicine in synchrony and diachrony. Keywords: world picture, scientific world picture, verb, terminology, medicine, etymology, word-building, proposition | 1852 | |||||
| 4845 | Kovaleva S.V. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 2 (5). P. 70-81 . | 1851 | |||||
| 4846 | The article dwells upon the problems of the morphemic articulation of the verbal word in Selkup. There are two structural elements in the verbal word: stems and affixes. Byword-building and form-building verbal stems suffer appreciable changes. Among them are: abbreviation of vowels' length in stem, reduplication or weakening of consonant on bound of the first and second syllables, elision of the final vowel and consonant, augment of verbal stem, interchanges of the final vowels of verbal stems. | 1851 | |||||
| 4847 | The article treats the problem of the lingual representation of the category of comparison in English. The attention is focused on the nature of the comparison category and words belonging to different parts of speech which can be used for its representation within the framework of the corresponding functional-semantic field. | 1851 | |||||
| 4848 | The given article offers a model of realization master’s of technological education practice and reflects the main components of its organization | 1851 | |||||
| 4849 | The author of the article attempts to examine the means of the representation of natural gender differences in Khanty language which does not possess gender as a linguistic category. The attention is focused on the terms of kinship and affinity, professions, animals, Russian borrowings and also names for calling groups of people. Keywords: gender, Khanty language, gender differences, people, professions, terms of kinship and affinity, animals, Russian borrowings | 1851 | |||||
| 4850 | The needs of a modern post-industrial society focuses rural ungraded schools on education of competitive person on formation of socially significant qualities, which give the possibility of adaptation and self-realization of rural graduates. The ability of the subject to self-development and self-conscious and active through the assignment of the new social experience becomes a target of the pedagogical process. Keywords: rural ungraded schools, mixed-age teaching, interdisciplinary, integrative, educational content for different age-education, mixed-age class | 1851 | |||||