| # | Article | Downloads | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1951 | The article considers the main resources of technologies of mathematical training of students’ abilities for selfdevelopment; pedagogical conditions of development of the abilities for self-development in the process of mathematical prerequisite are presented. Keywords: self-development, self-management, personality need, problem-solving situation, liberty of choice, competencies | 2070 | |||||
| 1952 | The article covers the problems of teaching physics to schoolchildren and students of technical universities associated with transformations in Russian society and educational system of Russia, and possible ways of their partial solution Keywords: fundamentalization education, systematic approach, training systems | 2070 | |||||
| 1953 | The article is devoted to studying of ecological features and displays of morphological polyalternativeness of ontogenesis of Trientalis europaea L. in the territory of national park «Mari Chodra». As a result of the carried out researches it is found out, that in different ecologо-phiticenotics conditions various combinations of conducting soil factors and light exposure can provide realization of ecological potentialities of the central processing UNIT T.europaea. Most of all displays of morphological polyalternativeness T.europaea it is revealed in a fir grove with different grasses and a birch forest with Pteridiun aduilinum (L.) Kuhn and Calamagrostis arundinace (L.) Roth. High morphological plasticity of this kind promotes vegetative duplication of this kind and increases a structural variety of the central processing UNIT T.europaea, that has allowed to be kept to this ancient kind up to now. Keywords: Trientalis europaea L., ontogenez, coenopopulation, ecological scales, steno-, evrivalency, morphological polyalternativeness | 2070 | |||||
| 1954 | The competence-oriented professional training assumes an orientation to forming of special knowledge, skills and universal abilities of students. Now, they are claimed on a modern labor-market. Key competences are forming in practical and prequalifying trainings. They are revealed at drawing up in a portfolio-process. Sociological opinion poll among students and practice-masters and potential employer for qualitative estimation on projected competences of graduates was carried out. The rating of competences on the basis of the received results is constructed. Keywords: competence-oriented professional training, key competences, practical training, prequalifying training, portfolio-process, universal competences, professional competences, rating of competences | 2070 | |||||
| 1955 | Any research should begin with clear comprehension of a problem and its exact formulation. Research of a complex problem if it is not organized in appropriate way, occurs “trial and error method”. In order to “tests and mistakes” was less, beforehand it is necessary to develop some technique of research for a concrete theme or a problem. An example of search of the solution of a problem is developed the author and the technique of research submitted here. Keywords: system, stability of development, management, processes, inputs, outputs, pedagogical system | 2070 | |||||
| 1956 | The paper is devoted to intersubjective texts as the basis of text centered approach while teaching a foreign language to form lexical skills of professional speaking, the significance of texts as the main teaching element, the necessity of authentic texts as well as their meaning from relative sciences’ point of view dealing with teaching a foreign language. Keywords: intersubjective texts, authentic texts, methodically authentic texts, professional vocabulary, lexical skills, professional speaking. | 2070 | |||||
| 1957 | The article shows the importance of adult education in Germany at present. The main legislative acts regulating this sphere are enumerated. It also gives the chief principles of the state which support the adult education. The author makes up the conclusion about the prospects of the further development of adult education in Germany. Keywords: adult education, main types of adult education, legislative acts on adult education, key qualifi cation | 2070 | |||||
| 1958 | This paper is the result of a theoretical study of the concept of “professional competence of the individual” and “communicative competence of the individual”. It examines the psycho-pedagogical approach to the personality and activities of the university teacher, based on the competence model of education. Keywords: competence, professional competence, communicative competence, pedagogical skills, personality | 2070 | |||||
| 1959 | This article deals with the main aspects of tourism branding and the problem of its creation. Tourism territory branding which described in the article includes the cluster approach. The role and the characteristic of this approach is given here. There is also the general description of difficult moments in formation of Tomsk region brand as tourist destination. Keywords: territory branding, tourism brand, cluster approach, image of destination, errors of destination branding | 2070 | |||||
| 1960 | The article shows the linguistic representation of quantitative side of the strategy of the olfactory perception. Attention is concentrated on two aspects: firstly, intensity of smell, secondly, quantity of smells, which a person can identify. The analysis bases on quantity scales and stereotypes. Such an analysis allows to complete facts about the representations of olfactory information (its quantitative aspect) in human language. Keywords: cognitive strategy, the olfactory perception channel, perceptual mode, quantification, usual gradual scale, situational-modal scale, total-partitive scale, stereotype of quantification, intensity of smell, the number of odors | 2070 | |||||
| 1961 | Author gives an analysis of interactive architecture, including its conceptual foundations, history and current state of development. There is an argument presented that interactive architecture reflects shift from traditioal optics of constructing urban space with its focus on gazing static aesthetic forms to strengthening dynamic and unstable ascpects of the presence, adaptive behavior and integration into the urban ecosystems. Keywords: interactive architecture, digital culture, gaze and presence, city space | 2070 | |||||
| 1962 | The article presents the results of empirical verification of professionally important personal qualities of teachers of technical subjects of military higher educational institutions. Analytical review of scientific publications on the problem of research allowed to come to the preliminary conclusion that effective pedagogical interaction of a technical disciplines’ teacher with the students of military university in the first place contribute to such professionally significant individual psychological qualities and characteristics, as empathy, reflection, communicativeness, social perceptiveness, abstract thinking and spatial imagination. A survey of experts (teachers and students of military higher institution) showed that a teacher of technical disciplines needs to have a certain combination of professionally significant qualities and properties, and, first of all, such as empathy, reflexivity, communicativeness, social perceptiveness, abstract thinking, spatial imagination. The results of the experiment verified the assumption that professionally significant qualities of the teacher of military university can be purposefully developed through the implementation of the specially designed training programs. Keywords: professionally significant qualities of personality development, efficiency of the pedagogical interaction, the participants of the educational process, the teacher of the technical disciplines, military university, military student | 2070 | |||||
| 1963 | Introduction. The paper deals with the speech portrayal of a representative of the eastern branch of Russian emigration in Australia. Australia was one of the countries re-emigrated by Russian emigrants from China, particularly from Harbin, which was the center of Russian eastern emigration in the 1960s. The research was carried out within the framework of linguopersonology, a modern trend in linguistics, which studies the individual speech patterns of a linguistic personality. The purpose of this paper is to analyze both linguistic and sociolinguistic speech characteristics of a representative of the eastern branch of Russian emigration in Australia. Scientific relevance of the research results from the interest of modern anthropocentric linguistics in the linguistic personality phenomenon and in the language of the Russian emigration, which in the twentieth century existed in special linguistic conditions. Materials and research methods. The major method used in the paper is the method of speech portrayal. The research was based on the audio records of the speech of a representative of Russian emigration in Australia. These records are a valuable historical and linguistic source of information about the Russian eastern emigration in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Results and discussion. The speech of a representative of Russian eastern emigration is studied as a set of proper linguistic and sociolinguistic characteristics. His speech patterns are analyzed at different levels of the language system: phonetic, morphological, syntactic and lexical. The speech analysis of the Russian re-emigrant from China to Australia demonstrates a good preservation of the Russian mother tongue at different levels of the language system although throughout his life the linguistic personality existed in a foreign language environment. His speech is not influenced by the Chinese language, which he did not know, though he spent twenty years in China. There is not much interference from the English language except for some borrowings, though he has been living in the English speaking environment for fifty years and is fluent in English. Conclusion. The high level at which the Russian native language is preserved in the speech of Russian re-emigrants from Harbin to Australia is highly dependent on the subjective factors. It is an amazing linguistic phenomenon, demonstrating the preservation of the native Russian language as a means of national and cultural identification and the main attribute of national identity. Keywords: the Russian language, the Russian language of emigration, the eastern branch of Russian emigration, linguopersonology, linguistic personality, speech portrait, linguistic characteristics, interference | 2070 | |||||
| 1964 | The most developed country at present outlives postindustriai stage of developments, in this society a vocational training becomes one of the main factors, defining social status of person. Main functions of social institute of vocational training in this society are economic (preparing a personnel of different level, profile and qualifications in required for ecomomics proportions) and stratificational (shaping and reproduction of social structure of society). | 2069 | |||||
| 1965 | This article is about specific process of time perception (future, present and past) in different social-cultural system. The importance of time is dependent on the different view points of people's origin respectively culture. Nowadays time concept is more important and complex than in the past. Applying post-non-classical methodology and information-synergetic approach we analyze dynamics of utopian ideas depending on perception of time. The main problem is a contradictory role of utopia in Russian culture. This research was supported by grant RFBR № 08-06-00109 Keywords: information-synergetic approach, specificity of time perception in different cultures, socio-cultural systems, dynamics of utopian idea, role of utopia in Russian culture. | 2069 | |||||
| 1966 | The article is devoted to the problem of defining the most important professional and personal characteristics of teachers working at elite schools. On the basis of the analyses of scientific sources and fiction the author comes to the conclusion that the quality of the teacher’s professional activity depends not only on the quantity of his knowledge in this or that subject, but also on the level of development of his emotional sphere and creativity. Keywords: The article is devoted to the problem of defining the most important professional and personal characteristics of teachers working at elite schools. On the basis of the analyses of scientific sources and fiction the author comes to the conclusion that the | 2069 | |||||
| 1967 | The article presents the analysis of the experience of professional self-identification of young people in Germany, its organizational and pedagogical forms. The criteria of prestige of working professions in Germany are allocated in it. Besides, the article deals with the practice of dual system of training students in the sphere of high-technological working professions. It is determined the key problems of social institutions in the organization of vocational guidance and training of qualified young professionals. Keywords: self-identification of young people, vocational guidance, vocational training, the dual system of training, social institutions of vocational guidance | 2069 | |||||
| 1968 | In the work that is devoted to the study of human body semantics the heterogeneity of corporality is considered through the notion of body boundaries. The material for analysis is Eastern-Slavic mythological tradition diversified in folklore, literary texts; language system bearing culturally significant typifications; peculiarities of ceremonial practice. The topic of boundary, which rises from the fundamental perceptions of consciousness about heterogeneity of space, is projected on the microcosm of a human body. In symbolic anatomy it is possible to outline the inner boundaries that structure a body from inside, and external ones that fix the boundaries of structures that go outside. Keywords: traditional culture of the Russians, body, symbolic anatomy, body boundaries, myth, folklore, linguistic consciousness, ritual | 2069 | |||||
| 1969 | The article describes the process of teaching students aimed at the foreign communicative competence development by means of the problem-solving tasks system. The stages and the results of the experiment research are presented in detail. The effectiveness of the tested system of problem-solving tasks in the process of the students’ foreign communicative competence development is experimentally proved. Keywords: foreign communicative competence, problem-solving task, experiment, results, effectiveness | 2069 | |||||
| 1970 | The article is devoted to the communicative-methodological competence of the future holders of the bachelor’s degree concerning the foreign language faculties of the pedagogical universities. The article gives the definition of the communication-methodological competence, studies its structure and the basic foundation of the development during the period of the education in accordance with the State Standard. Keywords: bachelor, Federal State Standard of Professional Education, competence approach, professional competence, communicative-methodological competence | 2069 | |||||
| 1971 | Scientific and theoretical approaches to the problem of studying the features of reproductive and creative activity of children of preschool age with strong speech disorders are concerned. Studied the problem of coherent speech development of preschool children from the point of view of psycholinguistic approach. The methods of studying the peculiarities of connected speech in the process of reading literature works are suggested. The features of receptivereproductive and reconstructive activities of mastering coherent speech of children with strong speech disorders are found. Found the directions for the development of coherent speech of children with speech disorders. Educational work is conducted in the following directions: development of psychophysiological functions, development of linguistic operations, development of reproductive activity, development of creative activity. Keywords: text, strong speech disorder, creative activity, reproductive activity, verbal creativity, connected speech, literature work | 2069 | |||||
| 1972 | Introduction. The study of the costume code of linguistic cultural type is presented. The relevance of this work is due to the lack of basic research studying the costume code in linguistic culture. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the vocabulary of the dialects of the Middle Ob region is considered as the result of objectification of the costume code of cultural in type. The purpose of the analysis of language material is to determine the essence and identify the specifics of the functioning of the costume code in dialect linguistic culture. The following tasks were set: to determine the circle of tokens through which the costume code is verbalized; carry out their classification; define the costume code functions that are represented in these language units. Material and methods. The research material was the dialectic speech of the inhabitants of the Middle Ob region recorded in the Tomsk dialect dictionaries and in the dialect base of the Laboratory for General and Siberian Lexicography of Tomsk State University. In the course of the work, more than a thousand lexical units were identified, objectifying the sphere of traditional Russian clothing. In the course of the work, descriptive, differentiated, distributive methods were used, as well as a semantic analysis of linguistic units, their linguocultural description. The use of the above methods of analysis and processing of the material made it possible to fix the special cultural meanings of the costume code objectified in the dialect language. Conclusion. The vocabulary of the dialects of the Middle Ob, objectifying the costume code, is considered as a set of culturally significant units, in the semantics of which there is a cultural connotation. It is shown how the cultural semantics of the costume item is verbalized, i.e. it is represented in the language code. Keywords: clothing code, cultural code, traditional Russian culture, nomination of cloth, dressing | 2069 | |||||
| 1973 | Introduction. Klava Koka is one of the most popular performers on the modern Russian musical stage, and therefore it is of interest to analyze the motivational content of her work. We have established the key role of the motive of toxicity and abuse in Klava Koka’s songs. It manifests itself in the peculiarities of the interpersonal relations of the characters of the songs, as well as in their values and attitudes. Toxicity refers to the ability of a person or relationship to provoke emotional pain and the complete depletion of the resources of the partner of interaction. Abusive relationships in a broad sense are characterized by the controlling, coercive, threatening, humiliating and violent behavior of one of the partners. Although the perception of love as pain and suffering is a recurrent idea of Western pop music, in Klava Koka’s songs, this attitude to love acquires signs of toxicity and, in some cases, abusiveness. Aim and objectives. The aim of the article is to prove the dominant role of the motive of toxicity and abuse in Klava Koka’s songs. Material and methods. We have analyzed 26 songs written by Klava Koka herself or in co-authorship with the lyricists of the Black Star label. The main research methods are the method of holistic analysis of a work, as well as conceptual analysis. Results and discussion. The motive of toxicity and abuse in Klava Koka’s songs is manifested in the following features of the characters’ relationships and their values: metaphorization of love as pain and suffering, antagonism between partners in relationships, dominance / submission as a pattern of relationships, violence as an important component of relationships, dependence from a partner or from a relationship, intensification of love feelings by one of the partners. The fact that in all the songs that we have considered, the listed features are presented to certain degree, enables us to speak about the dominant role of the motive of toxicity and abuse in Klava Koka’s work. Conclusion. Toxicity and abuse tend to be romanticized in the singer’s lyrics, being presents as an integral part of “genuine” relationships and a manifestation of “true” love. The motive of toxicity and abuse is functioning as the main means of realization of the concepts of “love” and “pain” in Klava Koka’s songs, where the both concepts are linked into a single conceptual pair. Keywords: motive, concept, toxicity, abuse, Klava Koka, Morgenstern | 2069 | |||||
| 1974 | . | 2068 | |||||
| 1975 | Nalivkina N.V. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 1 (4). P. 65-68 . | 2068 | |||||
| 1976 | Increasing efficacy of the educational process is one of the main problems for teachers. All educational methods are directed on its decision. Achievements of science and technology are used in most progressives of them. Com¬puter as an instrument of universal introduction and as an object of increased attention of youth can be used and must be broadly used in the pedagogical practice. Ability of computer to afford information to user in any of exist forms seems author as the most worthy attention. | 2068 | |||||
| 1977 | The paper presents the comparative research of the dynamics of intellectual development of basic school pupils under condition of three educational models: corrective, traditional and enriching model of education. The conclusion about evident influence of educational factor is proved (depending on the model of education), namely enriching model of education, over the intensive growth of convergent, divergent and stylistic properties of pupils’ intellect during all the period of adolescence. | 2068 | |||||
| 1978 | The article deals with examination of regulative principles of fiction and advertising texts. Using the comparative approach the author shows the peculiarities of regulative-strategic construction of fiction and advertising texts as the systems of different codes, the latter manage the interpretative reader’s activity and are focused into the prepotent synthesized codes. They are the following: aesthetic code, which functions in fiction communication, and manipulative-pragmatic code, which dominates in advertising communication. | 2068 | |||||
| 1979 | The role of sign dynamics in managerial processes in communications is considered in the article. The variant of diverse and versatile theories of management ordering is offered on the basis of the communication models classification. It is suggested that the binding processes necessary for any administrative action are the basis for the classification. It is proved that in the given processes mechanisms of sign dynamics play the dominant roles as they serve as information mechanisms of self-organizing communicative processes. All the researches are supported by grant RFBR № 08-06-00109 Keywords: Information-synergetic approach, symbol dynamics, processes of management of communication, classification of communication models, mechanisms of symbol dynamics, information mechanisms of communication self-organization | 2068 | |||||
| 1980 | Modern society has entered the information phase of its development, which includes positive as well as negative effects (information diseases, stresses). A modern specialist should have a high information competence. Libraries actively carry out information and education activity and, therefore, they need specialists of a new type possessing both the library – bibliographic and education technologies. Keywords: library information disciplines, information society, information diseases, information competence, library – bibliographic technologies | 2068 | |||||
| 1981 | This work presents some elements of training of specialists in the system of integrated education “school – institution of higher education – enterprise”, as one of the ways of achievement competitive ability and being in demand graduators in modern production conditions in Russia. Special feature of the integrated system of education in Yurga technological institute (branch) of Tomsk Polytechnic University is a maximum integration of studies, production activity and scientific work starting from senior stage of secondary schools. Keywords: engineering and production practice, integrated system of training, model, extended education, social partnership, integration | 2068 | |||||
| 1982 | The present article is devoted to the problem of training a pedagogic university students to conduct research activity in their prospective professional sphere. The notion of «a student research activity» is defined. Organizing-methodic conditions making for forming and developing research activity of would-be-teachers are exposed. Keywords: research activity, professional-pedagogic competence, creative potential, educational technology, professional training | 2068 | |||||
| 1983 | The article deals with the description of the technique of training pupils to the solving of problems on construction on a plane and in space by a method of geometrical places of points in frameworks of the activity approach by means of allocation of the generalized method of the solving of problems by the given method and its purposeful formation. Keywords: a method of educational activity, stages of formation of a method, a method of geometrical places of points. | 2068 | |||||
| 1984 | The model of satirical genre and general variety is presented through studying the active centre – concentration content of formal signs systems of satirical plays. Keywords: fabula, model, genre, general variety, satirical methods, active centre. | 2068 | |||||
| 1985 | The article is devoted to the scientifi c research of the “project” and the “design”. It describes the stages of transition of these terms from technical range to humanities. Keywords: the project, the designing, needs, purpose, means of realization, the result | 2068 | |||||
| 1986 | The article examines the role of social politics and social partnership in motivation of organization staff. One analyses the problems principles of social politics, instruments and forms of its realization. Keywords: motivation, social politics, staff, social partnership | 2068 | |||||
| 1987 | Based on the archival materials, this article describes the innovative experience by the Tomsk doctor and counsellor V.S. Pirussky in organizing summer children colonies, which are the recreation camps for physically weak teenage city children. The organizational-pedagogical ideas of this scientist are analysed for the possible interest of contemporary social work enthusiasts, teachers, physicians and managers. Keywords: Vladislav Stanislavovich Pirussky, summer children colonies, practices for recreation and upbringing, social pedagogy, history of pedagogy | 2068 | |||||
| 1988 | The article deals with lexicographic material, which allows seeing the features of the concept both in diachrony and in synchrony. There is doubt that dictionaries in Russian and Chinese as lexicographic materials help us to see the semantic and derivational efficiency of the concept and its segments in full. Meanwhile the lexical meanings fixed in the dictionary are what people have in mind when they use the word. Fate is one the most important categories of consciousness, through which a national conceptual picture of the world is built in Russia and in China; therefore comparative analysis of the concept fate in Russian and Chinese is of interest all over the world. In the article we use the comparative analysis method and reveal the similarities and differences in their meanings in Chinese and Russian explanatory dictionaries to disclose different concepts of fate from the root in Chinese and Russian. Through analysis it is concluded that such values as, for example, the will of God, the higher power, fate, lot, stake, fate are characteristic of both languages, while the definitions of order, superstition, development and change are peculiar only to the Chinese language, and the court, the court of God, the verdict – exclusively to the Russian language. Keywords: semantic and derivational productivity, lexical meaning recorded in the dictionary, destiny, national conceptual picture of the world, comparative analysis method | 2068 | |||||
| 1989 | The information synergetic approach reveals the bases for determining limits of communicative area and for constructing the general communicative model. It permits to distinguish methodological principles for investigations in non-linear dynamics of communicative processes. All the researches are supported by grant RFBR №04-06-80192 “Methodology modeling the non-linear dynamics of education system”. | 2067 | |||||
| 1990 | In the article the author follows the return process of Soviet legislation in the international law area to the generally accepted standards and international customs that Bolsheviks refused having come to power. The process was determined by the need to build relations with the world. Soviet diplomatic and consular law from the very beginning resided democratic features both: by the privileges and immunities determination of representatives, its heads and staff and by their rights to free relations with government, with other diplomatic and consular representatives of the state. | 2067 | |||||
| 1991 | In its article analysed the tale "Dragon" E. Shvarts's and "Iron mystery" D. Andreev's as a variants of a conditional drama which is based on mythological plots and which examines the phenomenon of the totalitarian state. Its views the philosophy and psychology of power in respect to character system (the dragon - the philistine - the hero), from a perspective of collision features and a similarity of transparent motives. Keywords: tail, mystery, mythological plot, conditional forms of the drama, satire, philosophy of power | 2067 | |||||
| 1992 | Forms of relations of the Teacher and the Pupil in sociocultural space are considered. The phenomenon of spontaneous narratives as expressions of special dialogical life of the person is described. Keywords: creativity; the person; sense; dialogue; culture; education; narrative | 2067 | |||||
| 1993 | The article presents the issues related to the vocational self-determination of school senior pupils. It considers the problems of vocational self-determination as consistent with the subject’s personal qualities. The case study of senior pupils vocational orientation is presented in terms of «self-conception», which is considered the determining factor of personal self-actualization including the vocational one. Keywords: construction of «self-conception», senior pupils vocational self-determination, temperament | 2067 | |||||
| 1994 | This article is about some aspects of Russian mentality fundamental influence on the forming of understanding of war and peace. This leads to the conclusion that understanding of space and time defines Russian understanding of war and peace. The proof of this conclusion is illustrated with the help of example of Russian people’s attitude towards the Georgian and Iraq wars. Keywords: war, peace, space, time, mentality | 2067 | |||||
| 1995 | The article is devoted to the main approaches to training teachers for rural school in the Russian Empire (until 1917), including those represented divergent models of vocational education carried out in various types of educational institutions. Keywords: approaches to training for rural schools, divergent models of vocational education. | 2067 | |||||
| 1996 | The article is devoted to study an urgent problem of a easy dialogue. Definition of concept «the professional easy statement» is made. Basic attention is given to the consideration of leaders of functions of the easy communications. Keywords: professional easy dialogue, functions of easy dialogue. | 2067 | |||||
| 1997 | The article discusses the model of topic-oriented interaction in teaching communication in the German language using musical aids. Keywords: Foreign language communication, musical aids, authentic texts, aspect habits, the model of topic-oriented interaction, selection principles of musical production, aspects of language culture | 2066 | |||||
| 1998 | Problems of a complex peat deposits exploitation with the subsequent bog restoration and peat formation process are considered. The block diagram of organic and mineral raw material extraction technology for composite materials production with an estimation of economic efficiency is resulted. Keywords: mire, recreation of mire, peat, sapropel, accumulation of peat, peat deposits, drawn peat bog , composite material | 2066 | |||||
| 1999 | Prose of Maria Zhukova represents high quality fiction, which enriched Russian literature of 1830–1850 years by new collisions and plots, contributed to accumulation of psychological devices of picturing inner life of a person and especially woman. Her creative efforts contributed to entering the opinion about a woman as most sensitive spokesman of the epoch into social consciousness. Together with other talented representatives of “female” literature she contributed to changing of social opinion about role and purpose of a woman. Keywords: female prose, gender, fiction, literature process | 2066 | |||||
| 2000 | The article considers complex problem-oriented approach to solving tasks in physics with system use of information and communication technologies. Proposed method enlarges problem file of teaching physics, approaches its content to modern level of scien tific knowledge in physics and project-oriented problems are very important for creative development. Models are applicable for students end teachers of physic and special schools. Positions and suggestions of the article are illustrated with the concrete examples Keywords: the problemno-focused approach, information-communication technologies in training to the physicist, internet resources in training to the physicist | 2066 | |||||