Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
Warning: A non-numeric value encountered in /web/zanos/classes/Player/RatingArticle_class.php on line 146
# | Article | Downloads | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2601 | . | 1073 | |||||
2602 | The author of this article explores the structure of the national economy from the systemic position. The national economy is introduced as a hierarchy of components: (person - the first elements of economy - firms and the state). The article contains a new view of the functions of the state, market, economic efficiency and optimum. The author be¬lieves that in social sciences it is necessary to return to nat¬ural science's definition of the economic order. | 1073 | |||||
2603 | The article underlines the necessity of peculiarities in organizing the pedagogical-educational process among the children of preschool age in minor ethnic groups of the North of Tomsk region. The authors define general trends of real¬izing ethnological approach; disclose specifics of the con¬crete objectives, achievement which will assist formation of ethnic self-consciousness, revival of traditional culture. Keywords: - | 1073 | |||||
2604 | The basic directions of development and the concept of relativistic mechanics are considered. The material of paper can be used at studying theoretical physics at pedagogical universities. | 1073 | |||||
2605 | The article depicts the methods of multiple-discipline presentation of school education content and shows advantages of its usage in school education. To prepare the future teachers for its usage in school process the author suggests to change the teaching methods of the additional professional training unit. These methods in the author’s opinion should be essentially different from those of similar subjects for non-pedagogical specialities. | 1073 | |||||
2606 | The article gives an observation of critical estimations of works by L.M. Leonov of the 1920th years made by the representatives of the first wave of Russian literary emigration, such as G. Adamovich, M. Slonim, F. Stepun. | 1073 | |||||
2607 | The article analyses the engineering university as educational phenomenon and its status in the educational tradition of the twentieth century. The author also displays the role of the engineering university in development of traditions of high engineering schools. | 1073 | |||||
2608 | The article is devoted to the problem of self-education of the teacher in theory and practice. Not aspiring the task of formulating a new definition, the authors define their attitude to an existing theoretical situation in this area of pedagogy, considering technological aspect of self-education of the teacher | 1073 | |||||
2609 | Review points to detailed plot analysis, range of problems, composition and the language of the novel are analyzed too, stylistic skill of the author is showed. | 1073 | |||||
2610 | The general directions of ecology safe and efficient peat use in Russia agriculture have been considered. It has been proved of most expedient way of rational use of peat and conservation of resources in agricultures is the peat-log development for agrophytocenosises. The high efficiency of peat utilization as compost and peat substrate production has been showed Keywords: Peat, agriculture, fertility, fertilizer, compost. | 1073 | |||||
2611 | The are presented materials fore volume development of biochemical processes on enzimatical and microbiological propertiers of peats covered nose of Siberian region in to state. The are showed stimulare factors in transformation organic matters of medical muds fore health sort rich. Keywords: peats, muds, microflora, enzyms, polyfenoloxydase, additions, balneotherapeutical value | 1073 | |||||
2612 | The historical-geographical and system methods were used to identify and analyse the main stages of nature management in West Siberia. Periodization of the nature management process provides a means of studying quantitative and qualitative transformations of relations between a nature and the man in different areas of West Siberia. Keywords: history of nature management, natural resources, development, periodization | 1073 | |||||
2613 | The article is devoted to monitoring consideration as one of factors of quality maintenance of expert’s professional skill improvement. Monitoring is described from the view point of educational process components. Keywords: improvement of experts professional skill, quality, monitoring of educational process | 1073 | |||||
2614 | The phenomenon of transformation of folklore motives in the works of contemporary writer Denis Osokin, as well as their connection with the poetics of comic on the material of the book “Ladies of Poplar” is investigated. Keywords: comic, folklore, corporality, mythological motives | 1073 | |||||
2615 | The article is devoted to features of political life of the modern Russian Cossacks and its such far ambiguous and inconsistent line as “independence”. The traditions of “independence” assuming state-political and ethnoterritorial self-determination of Cossacks or their cultural-national autonomy, got a display originality in political life of the modern Cossacks. Actualization of ideas of “independence” has been connected with features of social, cultural, political and economic space of the Russian state of end of the 20th century, the revival which predetermined specificity of the Cossacks. Keywords: Cossacks, political life, Cossacks revival, the modern Russian Cossacks, independence | 1073 | |||||
2616 | The article is about a peculiarity of education technologies used for citizenship education. Special attention is paid to acceptability of education technologies first of all dealing with a powerful value oriented part of citizenship education. It is proved that citizenship educational technologies must be based on principles of personal oriented education, that teachers of citizenship education might reach a success using active and interactive methods of education only. The main principles of personal oriented education and the most widespread active and interactive methods of education are described in the article. Keywords: citizenship education, education technologies, democratic civic consciousness, active and interactive methods of education | 1073 | |||||
2617 | The article considers the evolution of ideas about the logical levels, are their main characteristics. The given research representations of the leaders of the management activities, carried out with the help of the “Key issues of management”. The focus of the study is made at the logic level of the goal, as the highest in the hierarchy of logical levels. Keywords: logic levels, logical levels of belief by R. Dilts, views about the management activity, goal setting | 1073 | |||||
2618 | The question brought up in this article for the first time is the necessity to consider the imagination and recollection of the structural and semantic category in the modern Russian language. There is a definition to this structuralsemantic category. The studied multilevel linguistic means of expressing semantics of the imagination and recollection are described, the prospects for the research are determined. Keywords: there is a structural-semantic category of the modern Russian language; lexical and phraseological, morphological and syntactic means of expressing the imagination and recollection | 1073 | |||||
2619 | Culture definition is the indispensable condition for a new level of the reality cognition. Sociological, philosophical and anthropological approaches for the culture definition, its structure and functions are analysed in the article. The ways of culture formation in growing generation education are singled out in the paper. Keywords: upbringing, culture space, nature and culture, human being, ecological culture, philosophical, anthropological, activity approaches of culture definition | 1073 | |||||
2620 | This paper presents a study of the toponyms of the Crimea as an object of non-material heritage forming the historical and linguistic space of the peninsula, complements the existing information on the classification of toponyms with new data. Modern toponymics is characterized by the intensive growth of those subject areas and research directions that have an interdisciplinary character. Toponymic research integrating linguistics, geography, history, sociology, cartography, etc. should be referred to such interdisciplinary directions of the onymic science. The aim of the research is finding peculiarities of morphological and non-morphological ways of word formation in the toponymy of the Russian Federation on the example of the Republic of Crimea. In this regard, there has been presented a classification of the toponymic lexis according to the structural level allowing for a detailed analysis of the collected toponymic factual material. Derivational analysis of the Crimean toponymic units is performed. Structural types of toponyms are examined, statistic data on the ways of formation and the frequency of use of different word-formation patterns is provided. As illustrative material, the author offers existing geographical names of the Crimea. In the result of the structural analysis the identified toponymic objects of the Crimean region have been systemized according to the specified criteria, monobasic, compound, and complex toponyms being singled out, the quantitative composition of the groups of geographical nominations has been provided, as well as the explanation of the obtained results. Keywords: toponym, toponymic unit, word formation, derivational pattern, method of word formation, structural type | 1073 | |||||
2621 | The rapidly changing social reality which researchers characterize as a situation of social uncertainty, determines the challenges, problems and opportunities of the youth’s living space. The lack of clear guidelines for the future, the reassessment of the values of the older generation, serious functional changes in the family institution, the increasing influence of the mass information media and the Internet space, actualize the need for targeted educational interaction of social institutions with young people. In the work on the basis of historical and pedagogical analysis, the concept of “modern youth” is specified, and a description of the content of this concept in changing social reality is proposed. The article describes the situation of uncertainty as an opportunity for the development and actualization of the social potential of young people, the manifestation of an active and responsible position of a young person in various interrelated living spatial circumstances. Three groups of problems that define the living space of younger generation and are formed in the situation of uncertainty are presented: the organization of the educational space of educational organizations that promotes the realization of the potential of the young man as a subject of his own life; use of the opportunities of society and its transformation into an educational space; effective interaction of social institutions in the education of youth. The complex of organizational (development of the socio-cultural infrastructure of the region, the use of a set of psychological and pedagogical methods aimed at creating an experience of positive behavior and adequate self-esteem, teaching young people to techniques and procedures for self-realization and social security of the individual, the use of a set of psychological and pedagogical techniques aimed at forming the experience of positive behavior and adequate self-estimation among youth), pedagogical (pedagogical support for social facilitation of the activities of the teacher, the orientation toward success and achievement, providing each young man the with the opportunity of his role, position, form of participation in activities, etc.), psychological (correspondence of content and methods of work to the characteristics of different age categories of youth, stage of life, strengthening of the positive attitude to themselves and their future for youth, stage of life and professional plans of youth), socio-cultural conditions for young talents and the development of creative potential of youth; creation of conditions for access of city residents to information resources; development and support of youth initiatives; creation of conditions for employment by amateur art creativity, maintenance of amateur creative initiative and social and cultural activity of youth), ensuring the effectiveness of the process of socialization of young people at the present stage. Keywords: youth, young people’s living space, social uncertainty, social institutions, responsibility | 1073 | |||||
2622 | Prozumentov L. M. . // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 3 (6). P. 25-29 . | 1072 | |||||
2623 | . | 1072 | |||||
2624 | As it is stated in the article the common logic base is absent in the modern theory of knowledge. The author analyzes the reasons of such situation in the theory of knowledge. As a logic beginning of the development of the theory of knowledge is suggested to use a category «authority» by the author. | 1072 | |||||
2625 | The article describes the results of the didactic method «Increase of didactics units» (UDE). This method can be wide¬ly used in different areas of pedagogics and individual tech¬niques. The author has used the ideas of UDE in construct¬ing and teaching of the integrated course «Natural sciences» in 10 classes of a humanitarian profile. One of the primary goals of the given approach is the development of system type of intellection. According to the main states of the UDE theory the studied material should be given in large units, since integrated knowledge is more systematic and clear, than separate elements. Therefore all contents of the course of natural sciences for 10-th class were divided into three large units representing integrated groups of the related units of the subject contents. Except the enlargement of didactic meth¬ods of teaching, the extended exercises that accustom pupils to the active methods of learning are also used. These exer¬cises must take into account specific features of psyche and different types of mind. In studying process of the integrated course of natural sciences the schemes, characters, refer¬ence signals, visual means are used. Thus, whenever possi¬ble, all code systems of the person's psychology - verbal, visual, sign, acoustic can be used. The similar approach in¬creases systematic character of knowledge that gives an impulse to their further development and extention. Keywords: - | 1072 | |||||
2626 | The paper investigates the problem of integration in education, modern integration trends in the development of Russian and foreign educational systems are specified. The main advantages of the integrated educational systems are discussed, which the author specifies as follows: – integrated systems provide for entrants and students wider varietes of educational routes, directions and levels of higher education, including stages of vocational training; – the integrated educational systems are cha-racterized as flexible in the processes of organizational and content restructuring in the sphere of vocational training, considering fluctuations in the work force market; – within the framework of integrated systems, the academician and professorial stuff together with matherial resources of universities are used to the most effect; – the integrated educational systems are more economical in overall costs and total volumes of educational services. | 1072 | |||||
2627 | Prevalence of depressive specter psychological symptoms in sanatorium-resort institution analyzed in the article. Rate of depressive specter disorders total 18.7%, number of distressed persons who has marked depressive symptoms aggregated 64.7% among vacationers who visited to the psychological service of the sanatorium. Practically all vacationers with depressive disorders or symptoms had somatic disease in a combination with stressful life events. At the majority of clients of sanatorium depressive disorders began without acute external reasons, but quality of chronic stressful life events determined the content of depressive experiences. | 1072 | |||||
2628 | The poem «A cool and mild breath is coming from the iake,,,» («C oзepa вeeт npoxлaда...» (1854)) by Ph.l. Tyutchev, a translation of an extract from F. Shilier's «William Tells, is compared with the original. The differences are viewed as an explication of two different pictures of the world, The author of the article formulates the regularities forming the system unity of Ph.l. Tyutchev's poetry. | 1072 | |||||
2629 | The author issues term “perception in the criminal procedure” and analyses its connection with the process of substantiation in the criminal procedure. | 1072 | |||||
2630 | It is my great honor and pleasure to congratulate the international forum on peace, which is jointly organized by Tomsk and Hiroshima, and to have an opportunity of keynote speech, addressing about the internationalization strategies at Hiroshima University. In the globalized and competitive environments, HU is not an exceptional organization which must develop the strategic approaches and to prepare for the future challenges, in order to survive. HU faces with quite hard competition among note only Japanese universities, but also with those of foreign countries. | 1072 | |||||
2631 | The article is devoted to the activity of civil engineers, representatives of St. Petersburg Civil Engineers Institute, one of the most important architectural schools in Russia in the last quarter of the XIXth century and at the beginning of the XIXth century. The article analyzes pedagogical activity of Civil Engineers on the example of the graduate student of the Institute B. K. Postnikov. The article, based on the archival materials investigates the techniques and methods, used by B. K. Postnikov in teaching architectural-engineering subjects. These methods can be applied to modern architectural education. | 1072 | |||||
2632 | In the issue the main time in the development of organ culture in Russia is considered at the end of 19th and first half of 20th centuries and connected with creative life of A.F. Hedike. Hedike’s personality is characterized as a composer, performer, teacher and as a founder of modern Russian organ school | 1072 | |||||
2633 | It is designed original methods of the study of surfaces bogs. The dynamics of surfaces is connected with spottiness of upper layer of mires. The fluctuation to surfaces depends on amount of water, growing мха and his motion. This fluctuation can be not simultaneous, with the other value of the amplitude in the other area of the mire Keywords: Oligotriphic marsh, aerobic layer, mechanical displacement, stereofotogrammetic method, moisture | 1072 | |||||
2634 | The use of experience of physical training of Russian people and its integration with the procedure of sport training make it possible to increase the effectiveness of the lessons of physical training in VUZ (Institute of Higher Education). Keywords: people traditions of physical training, sport holiday | 1072 | |||||
2635 | In the dung of different animals on the pastures of Altay 14 species staphylinids of genus Tachinus are discovered, four of which (T. corticinus, T. rufitarsis, T. scapularis, T. subterraneus) earlier for the dung were not indicated. The conclusion is drawn that the dung attracts Tachinus not only the topics properties, but also as a place of concentration of potential food. That allows to consider Tachinus as the important element coprobionts coleopterous complex. Keywords: insect | 1072 | |||||
2636 | In this article some aspects of organization of pedagogues activity evaluation are considered in context of theory evaluation. Content of system, active, competence and quality approaches with account of evaluation activity is presented. One of possible version of step-by-step organization evaluation activity in primary professional education (PPE) is developed. Keywords: system, activity, competence, quality control, evaluation, evaluation activity | 1072 | |||||
2637 | The formation of sports culture through taking up one or a few kinds of sports, helps to discover and implement real and potential abilities, and is the promising means of students access to physical training and sports activities, healthy lifestyle. Keywords: sports culture, physical training, athletics, study-training process | 1072 | |||||
2638 | The article presents the scientific analysis of the published translations of the Chinese treatises: “Dao-de-Jing” [Tao Te Ching], “Han Fej-tzy”, “Shen-tzy”, “Art of war”. It reveals the principles of theory of management described in them which could serve as components in the development of professional administrative thinking of heads. Keywords: management, principles of personnel management, Chinese treatises: “Dao-de-Jing” [Tao Te Ching], “Han Fej-tzy”, “Art of war” | 1072 | |||||
2639 | The article is devoted to the analysis of macrothematic, stylistic and rhetorical strategies of Russian nationalist discourse. On the basis of the author’s concept of the symbolical market of identities the author makes an attempt of description of semantics, narration and rhetoric of images of Russia presented in Russian television advertising space. Keywords: designing of national identity, nationalism, modernization, traditionalism, mass-media, brands of Russia | 1072 | |||||
2640 | The paper, based on data of three languages of the same language family, but with different sociolinguistic status, demonstrates that the development of the language is determined mainly by sociolinguistic factors. Most of these factors are unique for each of the Chukchi-Koryak languages (and that is why the results are different) and one important factor is similar: bilingualism of native speakers and the impact of the Russian language. In the fi eld of grammar the infl uence of the Russian language is hidden from direct observation, and is expressed in development of forms and constructions with corresponences in Russian, and in removal of non-congruent ones. Keywords: language change, language contact, sociolinguistics, analytic, synthetic, localization, purpose constructions | 1072 | |||||
2641 | Laser diagnostics of droplets sprayed by centrifugal atomizer was carried out by the small-angle scattering method. Solution of aerosol optics inverse problem was used for define the distribution function of droplet size in the sprayed liquid by the centrifugal atomizer. Keywords: particle size distribution, small-angle scattering method, laser, photodetector, atomizer | 1072 | |||||
2642 | The article presents a pedagogical model of professional mobility formation of technical university students. The content and organizational structure of the model elements, criteria and indicators of student mobility formation are defined. Keywords: pedagogical model, professional mobility, acme, competence, self-development, humanitarization, paradigm | 1072 | |||||
2643 | The article provides data on distribution of the bleak in the lower Tom, its portion on number in catches on various sites of this ecosystem. Morphological features of this species (the sizes and structure of scales, meristic and morphometric signs), spawning terms, indicators of reproductive ability, structure of population of the bleak for a row of years (2003–2013) are considered. Keywords: structure, population, morphology, bleak | 1072 | |||||
2644 | The paper presents a simulation of the relaxation of a metal nanoparticle with Morse interatomic interaction potential, allowing to obtain a realistic (observed in the experiment) equilibrium shape of supported and free nanoparticles. Simulation is performed on a simple cubic lattice. To describe the interatomic interaction the was used the paired Morse potential. Keywords: equilibrium shape of the nanoparticle, the lattice model, Monte Carlo calculation, the Morse potential | 1072 | |||||
2645 | The article considers the grounds for the development of the ethno-cultural component of regional education. It emphasizes the need for a modern interpretation of ethno-pedagogical experience in various aspects of education as a factor of the development of a polycultural human. The article gives the description of the stages of the development and implementation of the idea of ethno-cultural education in Siberia and defines its most significant results. Keywords: education, modernization, openness, the paradigm of educational systems, and value grounds, ethnocultural component, regional education | 1072 | |||||
2646 | The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept memory in a comparative aspect of silver age poets’ writing such as N. S. Gumilyev and A. A. Akhmatova. The concept is analyzed on the basis of intertextual associativesemantic fields modeling that allow to identify different semantic aspects of the concept and individual author’s peculiarities of association. The result of research showed that common lexemes, that correspond to the usual meaning of the lexem memory, for poetic creativiy by A. A. Akhmatova and N. S. Gumilyev are the following areas of association: memory as a memory of anything (about love, about the events that happened earlier, about objects of the surrounding world, about time of action, etc.); memory as the total of the experience gained by the person or people; memory features. In the poetry of A. A. Akhmatova memory about the events of the past is painted emotionally due to sensual perception of the poetess. In her poems the relation of the concept memory with heart and soul becomes actual. In the poems by N. S. Gumilyev memory is connected not only with past time, but with future time too, with deep or archetypal memory, and it is of great importance for the poet, because it is the focus of experiences, thoughts, feelings, stimulating creative activity and correlates with knowledge. Keywords: concept, concepts nominate, poetic worldview, direction of association, associate text, intertextual sense-associative field | 1072 | |||||
2647 | The article deals with the phenomenon of the Russian language abroad. As the title implies the article describes general research context of the phenomenon and focuses on the research of the Russian-language emigrant newspapers. In general research the context of the phenomenon of the Russian language abroad, basic approaches and research aspects are analyzed. The analysis of approaches and aspects is based on research works published in Russia since 1990s. The author refers to sociolinguistic, lingvocultural and intergrated methods of the research to basic approaches. Research aspects of the phenomenon are presented as branches, waves and generations of the Russian emigration. The article provides in detail two branches of the Russian emigration which are differentiated to the geographical principle – the West and the East Russian emigration. It is also reported about the diachronic aspect of the phenomenon of the Russian language abroad – waves of the Russian emigration and the sociolinguistic and language description of their typical representatives are given. In addition to this the synchronic aspect is described – the Russian language of generations within the scope of waves. In the general context of the research phenomenon of the Russian language abroad the author gives much attention to the Russian language of ethnic Germans who emigrated from Russia to Germany in 1990s. The object of the research is modern Russian-language newspapers of Russian Germans who live in Germany. The author analyses the structure of the Russian-language printed emigrant newspaper market in Germany and points out modern tendencies in the Russian language of newspapers of Russian Germans in Germany. Keywords: sociolinguistics, the Russian language abroad, branches of Russian emigration, waves of Russian emigration, generations of emigration, Russian-language emigrant newspapers, Russian Germans, ethnic identity | 1072 | |||||
2648 | The article studies the methods and techniques to translate gerund and gerundial complexes in prose taking into consideration the specificity of this literary genre. The purpose of this article is to reveal the typical translation techniques and grammatical transformations that are most often used in the translation of a literary text. This theme is relevant because the methods of gerund reproducing in the literary text have not been studied in detail. A comparative analysis of the original text and the corresponding Russian text was carried out. Semantic, lexical, grammatical and syntactical peculiarities of translation are investigated. The question of the influence of the contextual environment, mini-context and macro-context on the regularities of translation is considered. As a result, several translation techniques typical for this Russian version of the novel were revealed. The author comes to the conclusion that when translating a literary text it is important to take into account the whole set of factors. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that it can be used as a teaching material in the classroom of translation studies in pedagogical higher education institutions. The article may be of interest to everyone working in the field of translation studies. Keywords: gerund, translation techniques, grammatical transformations, literary text, context | 1072 | |||||
2649 | . | 1071 | |||||
2650 | . | 1071 |