| # | Article | Downloads | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4301 | Nayborodenko L.M. . Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2000. Issue 1 (17). P. 36-38 | 1898 | |||||
| 4302 | We suggest the complex approach to the research of the changing natural fields. This approach consists of two stages: assigning components from the time rows in the each point of space and classification of the all components. It was shown that classification allows us to find the interior regularities of the natural fields. | 1898 | |||||
| 4303 | The general features of modern education and its connection with fundamental sciences and technology is thoroughly discussed. The course strategy supposes the intensive integration of natural science with technical, humanitarian and culture management sciences that is fulfilled in coordination between the middle and higher schools. The author's variant of program of the course «Conception of modern natural sciences in and of textbook in discussion. This variant reflects the long-term experience in this field and in the leading universities of Russia. The significant methodological and philosophical potential of discipline ((Conception of modern natural science» by formation of students is stressed. | 1898 | |||||
| 4304 | The article deals with the origin of measuring and the ways of representing inexact measures in the English language. | 1898 | |||||
| 4305 | The article runs Tomsk region experiment in stock activity of forest wild production and conditions for entrepreneurship activity raise. The author investigates the data of the territory potential resources, economic stock development efficiency. | 1898 | |||||
| 4306 | The paper regards school texts on the history of mathematics as an instrument for mental education of basic school pupils. There was worked out a system of the texts directed at the development of some components of cognitive experience: texts, favoring verbal-symbolic, visual, sensual-emotional ways of information coding; texts, directed at enriching pupils’ emotional-evaluative experience and so on. The importance of each type of the text on the history of mathematics is shown. | 1898 | |||||
| 4307 | The author of this article makes an attempt to leave from the analysis of a separate subcultural phenomenon to inwardly social space and, through mythological aspect approach to holistic perception of "models of the world" in a complex picture of society, avoiding traps of several disassociated and lopsided perception of more characteristics modern social science Keywords: social space, subcultures, youth subculture, model of youth subculture, collective myth, individual myth | 1898 | |||||
| 4308 | The article presents the analysis of emotional colouring of urbanonyms (emporonyms) for what associative experiment and the phonosemantic analysis of names was conducted. As the result, words with the positive and negative connotation influencing perception of names by recipients-consumers have been revealed. Keywords: psycholinguistics, phonosemantics, emporonyms, associative experiment, connotative meaning | 1898 | |||||
| 4309 | In the article results of pedagogical design depicting the insights of learning and teaching environment are demonstrated. The modeling of the educational process was implemented on the main principals of competence approach. The subject for modeling was considered the self-work of non linguistic students in teaching foreign languages. Self-work is seen as a tool that is able to facilitate competences’ development. Keywords: cultural and professional competences, pedagogical design, students’ self-work IDEF0 methodology. | 1898 | |||||
| 4310 | This paper is the result of a study major issues related to the functioning of the system of voluntary certification of services and personnel in the field of housing and communal services in Russia. These goals, objectives, principles and objects of voluntary certification. Keywords: voluntary certification services, housing and communal services, housing services, service users, objectives, goals, objects, principles, standards, quality of service | 1898 | |||||
| 4311 | Introduction. Functional approach in linguistics of 21 century conditions scientists’ attention to a problem of internal form of a word detection in synchrony and diachrony. The opportunity to study the vocabulary of different languages in the dynamic aspect, with the attraction of a new source – the testimony of the metalinguistic consciousness of the speakers – fits into the range of problems of modern linguistics and comparativistics. The aim of the article is to define the group of remotivated and demotivated bird names in Russian, English and Czech, to find out the reasons of remotivation and demotivation, as well as the extent and boundaries of these lexical processes. Research methodology involves the use of a psycholinguistic experiment with carriers of delivered languages, motivational-comparative and synchronic-diachronic analysis. Results and discussion. It has been established that the ornithological vocabulary of the languages being compared is equally exposed to the remotivation process. We detected that remotivated lexical units are such as have the motivating attribute, which is represented by a proper name and the connection with them was lost with time and is not recognized by modern native speakers. That is the reason for ornithonym’s motivation by another sign, which is connected with bird’s appearance in Russian, bird’s color and behavior in English (no similar ornithonyms were found on the material of the Czech language). Demotivation concerns lexical units with reasoning sign related to way of life and bird’s behavior in all the languages being compared. This is due to medium degree of demotivation in Russian birds’ names and to borrowing major part of English words from Latin, Greek and other languages. Demotivated Russian ornithonims lose their connection with reasoning sign related to bird’s voice. Herewith informants do not realize onomatopoeic character of a word. Demotivation concerns lexical units with reasoning sign related to way of life and bird’s behavior in all comparative languages. Conclusion. The results of analysis of remotivated and demotivated bird names in Russian, English and Czech indicate 1) complication of demotivation and its connection with borderline processes of internal word form’s remotivation and lexicalization; 2) vitality of these processes and their dynamic characteristics; 3) openness of its behavior, because in most cases the examined words have passed an intermediate stage of demotivation and remotivation and are passing the stage of polymotivation now. Keywords: remotivation, demotivation, internal form of a word, motivation of a language sign, psycholinguistic experiment, metatextual statements | 1898 | |||||
| 4312 | . | 1897 | |||||
| 4313 | Romanov V.I. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 7 (16). P. 38-43 . | 1897 | |||||
| 4314 | The system of education as an economic branch and its product - educational services - are analyzed. The economic functions of education are investigated in the article. | 1897 | |||||
| 4315 | In the article V.A. Zhukovsky’s mostly unpublished and uninvestigated notebooks of the 1840-s are considered. The material is analyzed in comparison to aesthetic and religious – philosophical searches of the writer and accordingly from this point of view Zhukovsky’s evolutions as a prosaic. The special attention is paid to the tendency of synthesis of the philosophical, aesthetic, religious principles and hence to that of cyclization, clearly shown in late Zhukovsky’s notebooks and reflecting feature of an aesthetics and poetics of his prose of 1830-s – 1840-s as a whole. | 1897 | |||||
| 4316 | The paper states the issue of collecting information about the students’ achievements in foreign languages, which is part of the quality monitoring system in education, as a problem of importance for higher educational institutions in Russia. As a way to solve the problem it is suggested that regular testing should be conducted with uniform test instrument elaborated for all the students of the same year within a given institution. Тhe brief description of monitoring system at Tomsk Polytechnic University is given as an example of solving the problem | 1897 | |||||
| 4317 | In article the problem of psychology-pedagogical diagnostics of formation of system thinking of pupils in training to physics is examined. The estimation of thinking is carried spent by a technique developed on the basis of use of the latent mechanical, electric, optical systems. Experience of its use in educational process is resulted | 1897 | |||||
| 4318 | The article is devoted to the violence in the family. As an example the author takes one of the families living in Tomsk. In this family the objects of violence is a ten year old boy. The author defines the goal to bring this problem up to date, to consider it in different aspects. Keywords: violence in family, crisis centre, social aspect, legal aspect, pedagogic aspect, research aspect, Board of under-ages affaires and their rights protection, administrative infraction | 1897 | |||||
| 4319 | The article is devoted to the question of use of electronic educational resources during teaching psychology. The computer support is considered at two steps: a design stage and stage of realization, which are divided into a number of stages. The author constructs the technology of teaching psychology on such means of computer support as the electronic textbook. Keywords: сomputer support, designing, teaching of psychology, electronic educational resources, electronic textbook | 1897 | |||||
| 4320 | In article the approach in estimate knowledge which is productive during the present period when there is a transition on competence methods of training is considered. The method combining a traditional mark estimation of knowledge of pupils and an estimation subject competence of pupils on an example of studying physics is offered. Keywords: n estimation of knowledge, the competence of subjects, methods of training, elements of the analysis. | 1897 | |||||
| 4321 | In this short contribution we will review the quantization of U(N) spinning particles with complex target spaces, producing equations for higher spin elds on complex backgrounds. We will focus rst on at complex space, and subsequently present our model on an arbitrary Kahler manifold. In the nal section, we will specialize to (p; q)-forms on arbitrary Kahler spaces and present their one-loop effective actions as well as issues related to Hodge duality. Keywords: sigma models, higher spins, gauge symmetry | 1897 | |||||
| 4322 | The article deals with the organization of procedure of total state certification of the graduates who are training in program 050100.68 Pedagogical education, the master “Linguistic and cultural studies program”. Keywords: competence, total state certification, state exam, master thesis | 1897 | |||||
| 4323 | The article is about the situation of Chinese migrants in Tomsk guberniya. It is also about some factors that made the situation of their arrival to that place, about their population there, about the attitude of local authorities to them and about their cross-cultural adaptation. The issue mainly deals with the situation in Tomsk guberniya in 1804–1925. Finally, some attempts are made to discover the history of Chinese diaspora group in the region, which is discussed in the context of Sino-Russian relations. It also discusses the factors that influenced the process of Chinese people’s arrival and the nature of such migration. Keywords: Chinese diaspora group, Chinese community, Chinese people in the West Siberia, Chinese people in Tomsk guberniya | 1897 | |||||
| 4324 | The article considers the relationship between children’s experience, the type of attachment and self-attitudes of women with children of younger adolescence. Describes the types of affection of women-mothers. Considers the differences in the life experiences of children of women with different type of attachment. Identified the percentage of women with different types of attachment. Describes the relationship of child life experience of women, the type of attachment and self-attitude. There was found interconnection between the completeness of the family now, type of attachment, self-attitudes and various children’s life experience. Types of attachment: autonomous-secure 62 %; dismissing 12 %; preoccupied 26 %. Preoccupied type of affection of women has a negative correlation with the number of positive self-descriptions. Dismissing type of attachment has only a negative correlation with the fullness of the family in childhood, the fullness of the family now, the relationship with his mother and father in childhood. Keywords: attachment, type of attachment, the self-attitudes of women as mothers | 1897 | |||||
| 4325 | The problem of pedagogical goal-setting under the situation of drastic sociocultural changes which require the reformation of educational system is analyzed. Two approaches to the definition of educational goals “education for life” and “education for a human” are scrutinized. The question concerning the role of extra-curricular activities in the system of school education is put by the example of teaching speech and acting techniques in the upper school. The course goals are defined: to surmount the dialectal peculiarities and to improve the speech up to the standard pronunciation; to develop listening and communicative skills in general. The drama element in voice and speech exercises is brought in in order to awaken positive emotions, enthusiasm and to remove muscle spasms. A short performance at the end of the year watched by teachers, parents and students contributes to the development of students’ motivation. This is a form of creativity, self-expression and self-realization, this is that conscious activity which we want our children to learn. Keywords: pedagogical goal-setting, additional education, elocution, language | 1897 | |||||
| 4326 | The article characterizes the essence and main features of the federal state educational standards of preschool pedagogy. It was shown that the content of education programs should ensure the development of the child’s personality in various educational areas, including artistic and aesthetic area. Analyzes the views of modern scholars on the development of artistic and aesthetic problem. Shows that the synthesis of various kinds of artistic activity is the theatrical activity. Notes that the use of artistic and aesthetic direction with the account for the requirements of modern education arouses interest in creativity and self-expression among the preschoolers. Keywords: educational standard, artistic and aesthetic development, preschool age, theatrical activities | 1897 | |||||
| 4327 | Introduction. The practice of segmentation of vocabulary is traditionally based either on a certain (situational) set of criteria for this procedure, or on a larger methodological basis for example the apparatus of a separate linguistic discipline, which often defaults to lexicology as a science about the lexical structure of the language. Being limited to the object of observation, lexicology is hardly capable of independently solving the question posed for the entire linguistic science or, at least, for such a macroscopic discipline as stylistics that urgently needs a reliable criteria base, despite their various functional specialization: stylistics studies the expressive, whereas lexicology the nominative function of language. The aim of the paper is to propose segmentation of the vocabulary fund of the German literary language through the prism of the environmental approach. Material and methods. The implementation of the epistemological (rational-empirical) framework of the environmental approach, which far exceeds not only the limits of the science of language, but also humanitarian knowledge in general, is determined by the specifics of being and development of the language itself as an anthropological phenomenon (loquens), erroneously attributed by poststructuralists exclusively to man. The basis of the environmental approach is the thesis about the environmental origin of the human language and the impossibility of its existence outside the Herder environment. Language exists in the “nutrient solution” of culture and acts as a connecting element of the social interaction of all individuals inhabiting this artificial world. The environmental approach is a capacious epistemological platform that is used to account for the various functional varieties of the language that serve as the basis for its vocabulary segmentation. Results and discussion. The following criteria have been developed for more weighted and general linguistic segmentation of a vocabulary on the example of the German literary language: a) selectivity, b) naturalness, c) reproducibility, d) temporality, e) age. The lexical system of the German language is taken as a model not by chance: the hybrid nature of this language idiom and the high heterogeneity (hybridity) of its resources correlating with it are an advantageous dialectical field of observing the phenomenon of a lexical system functional stratification. The apparatus of the environmental approach is formed by extensive interdisciplinary data that have become commonplace clichés in scientific use and help to obtain interdisciplinary meaningful and objective segmentation of the German literary language vocabulary. The scientific novelty is determined by the implementation of a fundamentally new set of criteria for identifying the components of the vocabulary system of the specified language based on the enlarged epistemological basis of the analysis. Conclusion. The proposed segmentation is intended to expand the boundaries of the lexicology apparatus of the German language, the ideas about the heterogeneity of its lexical system and its evolutionary laws. The data obtained can be used as a material for theoretical courses in lexicology and stylistics when training specialists in the field of German linguistics at all educational levels. Keywords: German literary language, vocabulary, segmentation, heterogeneity, strata, environmental approach | 1897 | |||||
| 4328 | Introduction. This paper discusses the features of the use and semantics evaluation of verbs from the microfield “regular consumption of alcohol in large quantities” (one of the microfields that make up the semantic field “binge drinking”). The goal is to analyze the evaluation value of the verbs of the selected microfield. Material and methods. The article is written on the material of the National Corpus of the Russian Language and various explanatory dictionaries. The methods of continuous sampling, contextual and definitional analysis were used. Results and discussion. The evaluative component of the verb «пить» ‘drink’ (the core lexeme of the microfield) can be reconstructed only from the surrounding context, the range of evaluative values of this verb is very wide. The verb “употреблять” ‘use’ and“злоупотреблять” ‘abuse’ have a negative rational assessment (as a rule, these verbs do not have an emotional assessment). The verbs “пить” ‘drink’ and the expression “глушить водку” ‘to hit vodka hard’ have a negative rational and a conflicting emotional assessment (sympathy). Within the selected microfield, a group of verbs of argot origin is distinguished: they are characterized by a common seme ‘excessiveness’ and a similar contextual environment. Another separate group is composed by verbs with the common potential semes ‘animal’ and ‘loss of human appearance’. These semes are often actualized with the surrounding context. Conclusion. The lexical meaning of the verbs of the selected microfield can contain various evaluative components. Some verbs express both rational and emotional judgment. New paradigmatic connections are formed within the microfield and some verbs acquire interesting syntactic features. Keywords: Russian language, semantic field, binge drinking, alcohol | 1897 | |||||
| 4329 | Surovtsova M.N. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 3 (6). P. 34-37 . | 1896 | |||||
| 4330 | . | 1896 | |||||
| 4331 | Razumova N.E. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2000. Issue 6 (22). P. 75-76 . | 1896 | |||||
| 4332 | In the work the results of studying of individually-typological peculiarities of teachers of Tomsk region are presented. In the research the teachers participated, learnt according to the program of increase of qualification of Federation of internet education in Tomsk regional center. Acquired results make a question about the necessity of studying, elaboration and inculcation of complex of measures for recovery and maintenance of psychological health of a teacher, and also of essential conditions for the increase of professionalism | 1896 | |||||
| 4333 | It is shown that in broadband transistor amplifiers with minimum-phase two-port compensation networks, a non-minimum-phase shift of transistor does not signifi¬cantly influences phase and transient responses. Thus, the design of amplifiers with desired phase and transient responses can be reduced to providing a suitable ampli¬tude-frequency characteristic, as in the case of mini¬mum-phase circuits. The design examples of ultra-wideband amplifiers with prescribed phase and transient responses are presented. | 1896 | |||||
| 4334 | This paper is devoted to educational aspects of practical application of rational land use`s conception (following the example of recreational land use) in sustainable development interests. The programme of higher school`s discipline “The principles of recreational land use” is presented in this article | 1896 | |||||
| 4335 | The article deals with the problem of semantic distribution in the functional grouping of actant attributes in Finnish and Selkup languages. The analysis is based on the principals of “the word-form grammar”, which is being developed by A. P. Volodin. In spite of the genetic relationship of the above-mentioned languages, they reveal basic distinctions in the investigated question. Keywords: “word-form grammar”, actant attributes, functional distinctness, semantic selectiveness, Uralic languages | 1896 | |||||
| 4336 | The present article is devoted to the issues of formation professional competence. Methodological aspects of mathematical and scientific courses are analyses in order to realize the program for modernization of the modern education system. It also presents the educational program “Mathematics. Special Course”, with the content in accordance with the requirements of society and increasing effect for the training of technical specialists. Keywords: professional competence, content of training, mathematical and scientific education, model, integration | 1896 | |||||
| 4337 | The question brought up in this article for the first time is the necessity to consider the imagination and recollection of the structural and semantic category in the modern Russian language. There is a definition to this structuralsemantic category. The studied multilevel linguistic means of expressing semantics of the imagination and recollection are described, the prospects for the research are determined. Keywords: there is a structural-semantic category of the modern Russian language; lexical and phraseological, morphological and syntactic means of expressing the imagination and recollection | 1896 | |||||
| 4338 | The question of the influence of the type of educational environment on the formation of the sense consciousness is discussed in the article. One of the important characteristics of the educational environment is the type of the interaction between a child and an adult such as “closed”, “open”, or “mixed”. It is shown that the type of educational environment influences the formation of few personal characteristics among children (perception of situations, evaluation of others’ behaviour, ability to discuss situations, decentration, and readiness for interactions). “Openess” is an important characteristic of the environment. Keywords: educational environment, communicative space, openness, sense consciousness, solving “sense problems“ | 1896 | |||||
| 4339 | The authors consider the nature and components of health-technologies, including in terms of improving physical training techniques. The article emphasizes the importance of polysubject approach in improving the organization of work with younger students. Keywords: Preservation and strengthening of health, health-saving technologies, fitness component polysubject approach | 1896 | |||||
| 4340 | This article studies the representation of the author’s individual concept of “delicious dissolution” in Nabokov’s novel “The Original of Laura”. The concept is described as a step-by-step sequence of actions of the central character, and its basic semantic features are listed, which gives a possibility to compare this concept with its precedents in the works of classical literature. The cognitive linguistics approach is combined with elements of literary theory here. Keywords: author’s individual concept, scenario (script), semantic nucleus of the concept, Nabokov’s artistic world | 1896 | |||||
| 4341 | The article presents the results of a study on the formation of self-competence of university students through interactive computer technologies. We developed criteria, indicators and tools to determine self-educational competence formation of university students through interactive computer technology. Diagnosis of high school students conducted by electronic tests and questionnaires are available on the websites and moodle.gasu.ru and ank. gasu.ru. To prove the existence of statistically significant differences in the level of development of self-competence in the control and experimental groups was used Fisher’s test. After statistical analysis of experimental data it can be concluded that students of control and experimental groups have significant differences caused not only by random factors but a certain legitimate reason. The reason was the experimental work performance to implement structural and functional models for self-educational competence formation of university students through interactive computer technology. Keywords: self-educational competence, levels of formation, statistical significance | 1896 | |||||
| 4342 | Elementary number theory as a school mathematics section is an essential part of professional preparation of a mathematics teacher. It’s explained by the fact that elementary number theory is a part of general secondary education programme both at basic and profile levels; problems in elementary number theory have considerable educational and teaching potential, and for their solution various methods of school mathematics are used. The paper is devoted to the role of elementary number theory as a component of professional preparation of a modern mathematics teacher in the context of competence approach. The author proves the necessity of including in the content of a mathematics teacher’s professional subject competence readiness to solve theory number problems using elementary mathematics methods (school mathematics methods). Clarifies the requirements for the ability to solve problems in elementary number theory. Keywords: professional subject competence of mathematics teacher; elementary number theory; methods of mathematical problems solving | 1896 | |||||
| 4343 | Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the actual problem of development of the International educational program “Step by Step”. The analysis of sociological, psychological, pedagogical, methodical works of famous domestic and foreign scientists and practitioners allowed to consider the historical and pedagogical aspects of the problem of development of this program, both abroad and in Russia and Kazakhstan. Material and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of use of theoretical and empirical methods, the main of which was the analysis of interaction of participants of educational process and research is based on the lessons of science and math in elementary school. This work was carried out in three stages. The first stage was to determine the main theoretical and methodological provisions for the problem, analyzed the degree of its study, defined the General provisions. The second stage was to identify the features of the application of “Step by Step” in the classroom model of primary school. The third stage was to analyze the effectiveness of children’s education using the technology “Step by Step”. Results and discussion. The comparative analysis allowed to consider the historical and pedagogical aspects of the problem of development of this program abroad, in Russia and Kazakhstan, as well as to justify the validity of the use of the term technology in relation to”Step by Step”. The presented analysis of the concepts “technology”, “educational technology”, “pedagogical technology” proves the possibility of using the term “technology” with respect to “Step by Step”. Much attention is paid to the problem of social competence of the modern primary school student and its development in primary school. Conclusion. Historical and pedagogical analysis of the development of “Step by Step” allows us to understand the essence and main idea of this technology. The goal of the educational process is the development of a child’s personality, its individuality, uniqueness, based on beliefs and faith, with the features of own “internal world model”, the structure of subjective experience, where the subject relations are based on the principles of individualization, cooperation, partnership and freedom of choice activities. The use of technology “Step by Step” increases the value of learning through a fundamentally new democratic approach that meets the standards of today and promotes dynamic cooperation of all parties to the educational process, during which there is an individual improvement. Keywords: technology, international program, comparative analysis, «Step by Step», primary school | 1896 | |||||
| 4344 | Three articles devoted to the role of universities in the development of modern society, their relationship to industry, are reviewed by the authors. They state that commercialization of higher school leads to loss of its specific features, its transformation into a very expensive business of industry of getting knowledge. It is supposed that cooperation of universities and industry will lead to synthesis of fundamental- and applied knowledge, and to more active use of the fundamental knowledge itself. For this purpose the term "technological transfer" is offered. | 1895 | |||||
| 4345 | The innovatory model of the foreign language education is presented in the article. The model forms the creative personality purposely The innovatory technology in the foreign language education is being developed in the framework of the Powerful thinking general theory based upon G. S.Altshuller’s research, the author of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). TRIZ is a science of problem-solving based on objective regularity of system development | 1895 | |||||
| 4346 | There were observed questions of contact interaction of elements of construction of the cable. There was introduced a method of determination of tribology characteristics of elements in the final product. We received formulas for determination contact and tangential strains, which depend on mechanical matter of material and geometrical dimension of the cable. Keywords: contact interaction, tribology characteristics, displacements, lead of a cable, lay of a strand, contact and tangential strains. | 1895 | |||||
| 4347 | We consider the procedural and organizational schemes, methodology and model of teaching physics under the conditions of the joint activities of students on a project basis. The statement of objectives is reflected by the concern at the project level, which ultimately provide the methodological basis of the activities of the innovative engineers of the future. The article gives specific examples of professionally-oriented form of physical ideas at the level of projectbased workshops, as well as the interrelated tasks of projective physics laboratory. The layout of the subjects of education of the process in the physics teacher – a teacher-student specific discipline. Keywords: joint activities, physical ideas, project training, subject competence, professional orientation training | 1895 | |||||
| 4348 | The paper suggests and proves the leading theoretical foundations for training a social teacher of family profi le, it also justifi es remote network technology of its preparation. Keywords: training teachers of family social profi le, distant education technology | 1895 | |||||
| 4349 | In the present article the author synthesized model of an assessment of results and effects of innovative activity at micro level (the enterprise, a cluster, holding), is investigated a component of the innovative field – “result”. The author consistently determined types of innovations, the directions of an assessment of productivity efficiency and ekonometrichesky model. The results of innovative activity used in statistics in the Russian Federation, are compared with the expressed author reference of economic effect and an interpretation principle. Keywords: innovations, the innovative field, the synthesized model, innovative activity, innovative potential | 1895 | |||||
| 4350 | This article is devoted to the efficient realization of the set: “Art therapy in teaching” in the program “Teacher’s health in Krasnoyarsk region”. There is a description of the used methods and results, which were reached during the research. Keywords: health, public health, health program, art-therapy, art-therapy classes | 1895 | |||||




