| # | Article | Downloads | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4751 | Obukhova E.A. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 3 (6). P. 50-51 . | 1872 | |||||
| 4752 | The article deals with the problem of understanding a lingual sign as a symbol and the semantic analysis of words representing symbols of iconic type, i.e. objects of particular admiration that are readily recognized by most people, the English iconic word ‘tea’ taken as an example. | 1872 | |||||
| 4753 | The paper investigates a rare phenomenon of foreword in drama and its forms and functions at different stages of Russian Literature development (from XVIII to XX century). | 1872 | |||||
| 4754 | This article has points of actual questions of professional skills. Some pedagogical conditions of formation text competence are revealed as a part of being ready future economists for making its activities. The author’s opinion is about forms of organization educational process in university | 1872 | |||||
| 4755 | The article traces the dynamics of the change of functions of music, concerning the language on early stages of the western culture development. It shows how the localization of the concept-expressing function of music into the sphere of every-day speech and art takes place as the language change and the graphic means of fixating language expressions appear | 1872 | |||||
| 4756 | The paper represents mechanisms of transition the molecules of the solvent and ions under influence gradient of the pressure, the temperature, concentration of the dissolved salts and electroosmos in peat, as well as accompanying processes of the ion exchange and change the structure of the material Keywords: Peat deposit, water solution, high molecular substances, mass transit, ion exchange processes, temperature | 1872 | |||||
| 4757 | In article physiological reaction of an organism to action of the stressful factor reveals. Authors offer to consider influence of stressful situations on formation of adaptation of an organism to factors of environment. Keywords: stress, polistim, dostim, noradrenalin, serotonin, gistamin, timys, a spleen, lymph nodes, white not purebred rats | 1872 | |||||
| 4758 | The article analyzes the philosophical and pedagogical bases of complex structural changes in education of the Russian Federation: the emergence of theories of post-industrial society, modernization, education philosophy, management of educational systems, teaching in rural schools. Keywords: common historical and pedagogical trends in the municipal education systems in Russia, the rural educational system specifics, tendencies of realization of ideas of modernization. | 1872 | |||||
| 4759 | The problem of realization of the state policy in formation of Russian legal culture of citizens is considered in the article. The insufficient number of hours for the studies of the subject “Law” in educational institutions is discovered. On the base of the research, the author proposes to introduce the discipline “Law” for the elementary and basic general education. Keywords: sense of justice, legal education, legal culture, discipline “Law” | 1872 | |||||
| 4760 | The article deals with the investigation of the problem of precompetitive training of young athletes practicing Wushu as an element of the system of sport training. It gives the description of the program of the training process of the young athletes practicing Wushu in precompetitive monocycle, which is developed by the authors and based on computer technology. Keywords: system, system of sport training, precompetitive monocycle, young athletes, wushu | 1872 | |||||
| 4761 | The paper analyses figurative expressions with the denomination “bread” in the French and Russian languages. Figurative expressions of a language serve as an important source for getting information about national world perception because they reflect the spiritual and material culture in the language. The choice for figurative expressions with the components representing food is explained by the fact that food is one of the most vivid elements of national culture which is connected with the native speakers’ understanding of their national specificity. Although the French and Russian cuisines have distinctive features, four products are archetypically significant for both cultures: bread, butter, milk and honey. Their denominations in both languages are very widely represented in figurative expressions. The image of bread is the most significant one in the French and Russian cultures; figurative expressions with this component in both languages are based on the archetype of bread as the symbol of life, well-being and wealth. We believe that for assessing the potential of a figurative expression of a language it is necessary to combine the linguoculturological analysis with the analysis of discursive realization of a studied linguistic unit in different types of discourse. Thus the French figural expression “avoir du pain sur la planche” was analyzed both linguoculturologically and discursively in three meanings. The results have shown that this expression is widely used in different types of modern discourse only in one of its meanings. The results prove that discursive realization is the key element for studying figurative expressions and it should become the key component for complex investigation of the figurative layer of a language. Keywords: figurative layer of a language, figurative expressions, phraseological fund of a language, food denominations, the French cuisine, the Russian cuisine, linguoculturological analysis, discursive realization analysis, the Russian language, the French langua | 1872 | |||||
| 4762 | . | 1871 | |||||
| 4763 | The experience of common ecology teaching for engineering and humanitary faculties and divisions in Tomsk polytechnical university have been summarized. | 1871 | |||||
| 4764 | The article suggests the analysis of the basic directions of realization of modernization programs of pedagogical gen¬eral education, in particular rural educational system. On the basis of modern historical-pedagogical analysis the article describes practice-oriented technology of education as mech¬anism of staff-providing of modernization of rural school. Keywords: - | 1871 | |||||
| 4765 | The article considers the problems of training load classification while doing physical exercises and its kinds on the basis of studied literature. It also presents recommendations for optimal load regimes depending on the physical condition. | 1871 | |||||
| 4766 | The poem «A cool and mild breath is coming from the iake,,,» («C oзepa вeeт npoxлaда...» (1854)) by Ph.l. Tyutchev, a translation of an extract from F. Shilier's «William Tells, is compared with the original. The differences are viewed as an explication of two different pictures of the world, The author of the article formulates the regularities forming the system unity of Ph.l. Tyutchev's poetry. | 1871 | |||||
| 4767 | In the article the author offers short history of the legal regulations about jury work formation in France and Russia and research the peculiarities of legal regulations about jury work nowadays (by the criminal procedure codes of France and Russian Federation). | 1871 | |||||
| 4768 | The article contains a semantic description of the mental activity predicates group and analyses of their meaning in the aspect of the norm. Semantics of the norm in this group of words is studied in connection with prefixes недо- and пере-, expressing the meaning of un-achievement or exceeding the norm in verbs semantic. Keywords: norm, estimation, mental activity predicates | 1871 | |||||
| 4769 | We consider models of massless p-ranks antisymmetric tensor fields (p-forms) in arbitrary D-dimensional curved space-time (p d D). Quantization of these models has been performed. We evaluate the effective actions of these models. The result is presented in terms of d`Alembertians acting on p-forms. Keywords: quantum fields in curved space-time, antisymmetric tensor fields, p-forms, gauge field theories, effective action | 1871 | |||||
| 4770 | Here are considered the methods of teaching foreign language professionally oriented communication of the nonlinguistic university lecturers. For effective implementation of the goals and educational process objectives as a whole and of each stage in a particular training interaction is based on the consistent implementation of the principles underlying modern methods of language teaching. In particular, there were defined the following specific characteristics in teaching foreign language professionally oriented communication of the non-linguistic specialties lecturers as absolute and variable. Keywords: adult learners, English language teaching methodology, specific characteristics. professionallyoriented foreign language, communication | 1871 | |||||
| 4771 | An important instrument of the increase of bank activity efficiency is its logistization. In the article we suggest the logistic model, where a bank is considered as a micro-logistic system and bank activity is considered as a set of different flows of useful resources (a material flow (vec_M); a financial flow (vec_F); an informational flow (vec_I); an energetic flow (vec_E); a flow of transport vehicles (vec_T); a manpower flow (vec_W); a service flow (vec_U); a flow of innovations (vec_N)), which interact, influence each other, depend upon the present market conditions and evolve, corresponding to the changes of inner and outer conditions. In the article, we do the research of these flows’ structure, using the logistical approach. In the research we represent a flow as a certain function, having two components: the scalar one (P0 – a concrete kind of useful resources) and the vector one (vec_P0 (t, z) – the orientation of the flow in space and time). Thus, a flow is: vec_P = P0*vec_P0 (t, z) v r . A special attention is paid to the financial flow, its structure and process of forming. We represent, that the necessary condition of forming any kind of a flow is presence of other flows. Then, in order to provide a normal functioning of the cash flow in a bank we need the following vector components, which could assure its forming and circulation: financial, informational, energetic, manpower (personnel), innovational and service components. The mathematical expressions are worked out to describe this process and to give us the opportunity to define the source of costs and to optimize the cumulative expenses in order to minimize them. Keywords: commercial bank, logistic analysis, financial flow, bank logistic system, cumulative expenses | 1871 | |||||
| 4772 | The article presents the justification of the importance of information and communication technologies for effective implementation of professional activity of the psychologist in education in accordance with the Federal State standard’s requirements of higher education and professional standards of the teacher-psychologist. Offers the use of mental-contextual teaching of future teachers-psychologists to informatics disciplines, contributing to the formation of readiness for using means of information and communication technologies for solving problems of professional activity and clarifies the concept of the indicated readiness. Proves the construction of the model of mental-contextual learning based on the dual paradigm, with regard to cognitive and contextual approaches. The identified requirements for the indicated readiness components such as a complex motivation; understanding of ICT potential for solving different tasks; capability to relate educational problems to the future profession; capability of using the means of ICT, relevant for the future professional activity served as the basis for determination the effectiveness of the offered method. The results of research demonstrate the positive dynamics of the formation of the indicated readiness in the process of mental-context training to IT disciplines. Keywords: teaching methodology, informatics discipline, mental-context training, mental-task context, ICT professional competence and readiness to use ICT to meet the challenges of professional work | 1871 | |||||
| 4773 | The article presents a methodology of working with post-modernist text, while teaching Russian as a foreign language. During the analysis, it is necessary to take into account specific characteristics such as the ‘out of the text’ information, implicitness and multiple meanings, deconstruction, and irony. The proposed methodology includes three steps: working with the cultural and historic context before taking up the text, interpreting the meaning of the fiction text and language based exercises, with special attention paid to them. The post-modernist text is considered an original fiction text and at the same time as didactic material. The case study of the short story by V. Pelevin illustrates basic characteristics of the post-modernist text and presents examples of language based exercises which can be used in audience speaking another language. Keywords: post-modernist text, philological analysis, interpretation, Russian as a foreign language | 1871 | |||||
| 4774 | The article is of great importance due to the increasing interest of modern linguistics to issues of conceptualizing time in general and in fact in the perception of representatives of different cultures. The research is conducted on the basis of the Ket language that is crucial due to the raising interest of linguists to the endangered languages. The Ket language is a unique archaic language without literacy, and the only one representing language of the Yenisey linguistic family. The goal of the research is to elicit basic cognitive metaphors of time in the Ket linguage. The research reveals crucial methods to form temporal concepts, universal biologically supported determinated features of temporal representation in the perception of a person. The research also studies occurrence of universal characteristics on the language level on the basis of the Ket language. The research studies the nouns naming time periods and components of its syntagmatic environment. On the basis of comparison of initial and resulting metaphoric meanings of lexical units, the main metaphoric models to percept time in the Ket language have been specified: dynamic language model and static language model. Dynamic language model reveals time as a space that a human passes through. In the work a model of time movement is considered as the basis for language perception because means of its expressions are frequent and regular. Statistic model is considered as less relevant because used only in literal metaphors. The main spatial time image is a straight line indicating back and forth direction. Keywords: concept, conceptualization of time, metaphors of time, the Ket language | 1871 | |||||
| 4775 | The Gogol’s story “Nevsky Prospekt”, repeatedly becoming a subject of reflection for two centuries, is of interest to researchers for its multifacetedness and inexhaustible possibilities for interpretation. The author’s aim is the systematization of the story’s verbal lexicon into lexico-semantic groups and the demonstration of typological and mental differences of the characters. These differences were the subject of scientist’s reflection, however, in our view, they are not only in the ideological and semantic levels of the work, but, first of all, in the linguistic level. The author does not analyze the entire verbal lexicon, but only those verbs that are directly related to the description of the main characters - Piskarev and Pirogov. We rely on the definition of Z. D. Popova and I. A. Sternin who believe that “lexico-semantic group is a large group of words of one part of speech united by a single word-an identifier or a stable phrase-combination, whose meaning is fully included in the meaning of the remaining words of the group and which can replace the remaining words in certain contexts” [7, р. 95]. We also rely on the verbal lexicon classification, proposed in the dictionary edited by T. V. Matveyeva, considering this classification the most complete. The most frequent are the lexico-semantic groups of the following verbs: Pirogov – displacement in space (15), speech message (10), thinking (4), utterance (4), perception (6), penetration (4); Piskarev – displacement in space (40), perception (16), utterance (5), thinking (4). In addition, there are unique lexical and semantic groups for each hero. The total number of verbal lexicon in the case of Piskarev is much larger than in the case of Pirogov. That’s why Piskarev is not just a naive dreamer, but an actor who is trying to transform the surrounding reality. As a true romantic, he produces a modified (idealized) reality in his works, then – dreams, and finally he perishes, failing in the transformation of the real life and consciousness of the beauty girl. Keywords: verbal lexicon, lexico-semantic group, romanticism, “natural school”, spectacular folklore | 1871 | |||||
| 4776 | The article deals with the texts of the records dated by 1917–1933 in terms of reflecting historical events in Russia in the first third of the 20th century. This period is the epoch of global changes in the life of Russian society. The aim of the research is to identify how the historical events that took place in the first third of the 20th century are reflected in the text. The records that were analysed are divided into four time periods. Each period is connected with historical events that are very important for Russia. The article is devoted to the description of three aspects that are very important for analysis of documents. The first part of the article describes the structural characteristics of the records dated by 1917–1933 and peculiarities of the records that are typical for each period. The main part of the work is devoted to the analysis of the linguistic means that form the record and also how linguistic means change over time. And the last part is devoted to speech norm. The text of the record presents a mixture of structures generated by the new ideological system and colloquialisms. The characteristics of lexico-semantic, functional-stylistic and structural features of the records of the presented period made it possible to identify the main units reflecting changing historical conditions at the level of the text. Keywords: record, historical development, lexical component of the text, structure of the text, speech norm | 1871 | |||||
| 4777 | The author considers several possible ways of study and formation of students’ motivation within conditions of real academic process from the position of NLP. Using the knowledge for directing a motivation in the planning of academic activity allows to achieve the academic objectives more efficiently in the groups consisting of representatives of various types (motivation “To”; motivation “From”). | 1870 | |||||
| 4778 | The questions of the nonlinear continuous automatic control systems simulation automation in the universal computer aided simulation system MAPC are consid¬ered. The base theoretical concept of the control sys¬tems simulation in time and frequency domains are rep¬resented. The components library and examples of simulation are given. | 1870 | |||||
| 4779 | Photosynthesising surface extension tendency is characteristic for the most of plants that determinates high rate of growth and space expansion. Such plants can be called «occupants», and their life forms considered as «open». At extreme environment conditions (deserts, high-mountains, polar biomes), not space occupation but homeostasis maintenance by the surface area restriction due to spherical, compact life forms development, became the priority strategy (cushion plants, cactuses, etc.). These plants are «limiters», and their life forms are «closed» | 1870 | |||||
| 4780 | The technological education of the junior schoolchildren with the speech pathology is analyzed in the article. The theoretical statements and the results of the research confirm the influence of the technological education on the development of the functional abilities of the children. The research reveals the essence of the concept «compensation», its kinds and the necessity of the programme «Technology» for the junior schoolchildren with the speech defects. | 1870 | |||||
| 4781 | The article taking as a basis integration of philosophical psychological and pedagogical approaches reveals the essence of problem of education of valuable attitude of person to the world. The author analyses different researches and gives her own interpretation of conception «valuable attitude», reveals structural components of it, proves a necessity of integrated approach to their realization in educational process and also the author suggests an experimental approach to the education of valuable attitude to the world from the children of preschool age. | 1870 | |||||
| 4782 | The article deals with existing approaches to understanding and construction of pedagogical theories. The role of the subjective factor in their grounds is shown in the article. The author’s position in the projection of pedagogical theories is revealed, it is based on a system-synergetic methodology. Keywords: pedagogical theory, functions of pedagogical theory, the facts as the basis of construction of pedagogical theory, categorical apparatus and the logical structure of pedagogical theory, systematic and synergetic approach. | 1870 | |||||
| 4783 | In the article offers guidelines explication of a sanatorium-and-spa complex, on the basis of which shows its basic parts, their essence and meaning. It defines the components that are important in the process of formation and development of a sanatorium-and-spa complex. Keywords: sanatorium-and-spa complex, the structure, principles of explication, links complex, information management | 1870 | |||||
| 4784 | The article deals with the question of approaches of use of information technology at mathematics lessons. As computer support at the lesson the author suggests use of the software for various sections of mathematics, namely universal mathematical sets of packages. Keywords: information technology, humanities focused approach, “computer algebra”, symbolical mathematics, electronic textbook | 1870 | |||||
| 4785 | The article deals with the historical and theoretical problem of understanding and the birth development phenomenon of the department of general pedagogy and psychology – the titular department of the university. Keywords: education, history formation, higher education, department | 1870 | |||||
| 4786 | In the article the change of conditions of serving of punishments by prisoners in penitentiary establishments of Tomsk province in 1917 is considered, influence of regulatory legal acts of Provisional government on change of the condition of serving of punishments is analyzed, the volume of permissions and interdictions of prisoners is compared. Keywords: penal system, penitentiary establishments of Tomsk province, Provisional government regulatory legal acts, inmates, conditions of serving of punishments, volume of permissions and interdictions inmates | 1870 | |||||
| 4787 | In the article the concept “cognition of the world” in treatments of different authors is analysed. The article shows the components of this concept (sensation, perception, representations, thinking), their interaction and the role, which this complex psychological process in development of children of preschool age plays. The necessity of the professional help of the teacher is emphasized to correctly build the process of cogitative activity of the child. Keywords: knowledge of the world, sensual knowledge, rational knowledge, sensations, perception, representation, thinking | 1870 | |||||
| 4788 | Introduction. The definition of the concept of “cultural gaming practice” is given as “a diverse, based on the current and future interests of the child type of independent activity and behavior”. It substantiates why in cultural practice a child becomes a full-fledged subject of activity, interaction and communication. The parameters of the optimal “inviting” game space created and provided by adults are highlighted. Material and methods. The differences of the “child’s world” in the game from the “real” world of adults are considered, the analysis of the information that the child receives and learns in the game, the classification of information sources is carried out. The degree of relevance of the information depends on who is the source of the information, what role they play for the child, what their status is. Examines the dependence of information on the place of “action8 of the game, the age of the participants, the degree of their “trust” in the other, the “friendliness” in the game team, as well as on what age stage of preschool childhood the child receives and masters this information. The influence of this information on the content and rating of children’s game is determined. The definition of a quest as a type of plot is given. Results and discussion. The results of a survey of social network participants and regular quest players among the population of the Siberian Federal district for confirmation or refutation of the relevance of the creation and implementation of quest games on the plot of Russian folk tales are presented. It was determined that at present a new playing space is being formed that allows preschool children to learn and play in fundamentally new forms for them, such as quest games, plots of favorite fairy tales. The concept of “life practices” is introduced, which are divided into conditionally positive and conditionally negative cultural practices. Conclusion. Adults are responsible for the content of the child’s play. The study allows to determine the advantages of the game as a way of entering the culture, which fully corresponds to the age-related capabilities of preschool children, meets the need of children in “life practices”, creating and influencing the formation of the basis of personal culture of the child. Keywords: game, cultural practice, cultural game practice, content of the game, culture of the game, quest game, “real life practices”, the basis of personal culture of the child | 1870 | |||||
| 4789 | Various solutions to mathematical problems can cause certain difficulties for schoolchildren. The use of a scheme allowing to organize and systematize the search for a solution to a problem makes it possible to ensure the interaction of participants in the educational process, aimed at creative initiative, mathematical intuition, activity, and independence in reasoning. The result is the ability of the student to solve various problems individually. The goal is to substantiate a step-by-step scheme for solving the problem for its application in the process of teaching mathematics to schoolchildren. The system and activity approach compose the research base. The work used such methods as generalization, systematization, classification, analysis of domestic and foreign studies. Russian and foreign researchers in their works divide the activity of schoolchildren in solving problems into separate stages, which contributes to the formation of the main methods of action aimed at obtaining educational results. The proposed schemes differ in content, as well as in the number of allocated stages.. Generalization and systematization of the studied experience made it possible to modify them taking into account the needs of the participants in the educational process. During training, the task of increased complexity is solved not only by the student, but also by the teacher. The above scheme summarizes their activities, makes it possible not only to analyze the problem, but also to characterize the methodological and methodological aspects of the solution. Accordingly, it includes the following stages: analytical, schematic, methodological, descriptive, verification, research, methodical. At the analytical and schematic stages, the actual search for a solution to the problem is carried out, its main content is represented using mathematical models and various schemes. At the methodological stage, the task is characterized from the point of view of the methods used and the mental operations used. The descriptive and verification stages are directed by recording the problem solution and his validate that includes logical, computing and other mistakes. During the research phase, an analysis of the conditions of the problem is carried out, the existence of its solution is determined when they change. The methodological stage enables the teacher to generalize and systematize issues related to learning to solve a problem. The scheme considered in this paper systematizes and structures the activities of both the teacher and students in solving problems for the gradual formation of the ability to search for it. Keywords: teaching mathematics to schoolchildren, difficult problem, mathematic problem solution stages, student development | 1870 | |||||
| 4790 | Trunk gaslines are key gas movers in Tomsk region. In many cases pipeline loss of integrity, in emergencies, would be associated with explosive processes caused by widening of fatigue fracturing, or entire damage could come from outflow and explosion of flammable transportation fluids escaping from the pipe. Reliable, fast-response stand-alone devices designed to cut-off such emergency sections have become most essential for system-wide operating security. Successfully certified bench and field tests have been performed with an innovative device, AZK-T, offering effective isolation of Tomsktransgaz’s large-diameter pipeline ruptured sections. This device features design simplicity and is easy to operate. Comparisons were made with foreign counterparts to reveal excellent AZK-T performance | 1869 | |||||
| 4791 | The article deals with the directions of informational competence development of students – future teachers. Informational competence requires skills of working independently in getting necessary information by means of modern informational and library technologies. One of the basic factors influencing the development of future teachers informational competence is the informational and educational environment of the higher educational establishment with the university library as one of its indivisible parts. | 1869 | |||||
| 4792 | This paper presents some results of personal traits of Physical Training teachers. Different personality characteristics connected with profession are studied on basis of typological approach of professional preferences by J. Holland | 1869 | |||||
| 4793 | It is essential nowadays to search new and more effective means and methods of physical education which help to influence the state of children with tuberculous intoxication and their ability to work physically. The article represents the results of the experiment which prove the efficiency of usage of the optimum dosed physical activity by tuberculous children of 14. The optimization of the physical activity during negative climatic-meteorological period helps to make the teaching process more effective and to attain recovery under improvement of functional state of the internal system of a child’s organism | 1869 | |||||
| 4794 | Axiological criteria of educational systems measuring are braking with a solving of cooperation of utopia ideas and philisophical bases of education | 1869 | |||||
| 4795 | Описание инвестиций в человека на базе концепции жизненного цикла | 1869 | |||||
| 4796 | The article deals with the results of experimental research of optimally dosed differently oriented sanitary study during the academic year or the results of the period of influence of the climate-meteorological factors. Keywords: .physical education, tuberculosis infected children, a sanatorium-forest school, sanitary study, the climate-meteorological factors | 1869 | |||||
| 4797 | The article contains analysis of the concepts of scientifi c-technical creativity to identify them in the metaphors of biological birth. The author argues that in the concepts of scientifi c-technical creativity elements are borrowed from an archaic understanding of how new biological birth. He attributes these elements as heritability, properties responsible for the creation of the creator, the impact of sociality and the periodicity of the creative process. Keywords: scientifi c-technical creativity, metaphors, the birth process | 1869 | |||||
| 4798 | The article is devoted to the diagnosis of professional competence of teachers of preschool educational institutions in the field of intellectual development of children. The logic of this article identifies and describes the competence, components, quality indicators and the degree of formation of panel СID. The urgency of professional competence is determined by social inquiry provide quality preschool education and modern landmarks of the Federal State Requirements for the basic structure of the educational program of preschool education in the process of intellectual development of pre-schoolers. Keywords: professional competence of the teacher of preschool educational institutions in the field of intellectual development of pre-schoolers, the competence of professional competence of teachers pre-school in this area, their components and indicators of quali | 1869 | |||||
| 4799 | In this article we handle an actual complex problem of succession in education of schoolchildren when they transfer from elementary school to secondary one. The analysis of the methodical literature has allowed the author to discover the basic directions of realisation of succession in training to the mathematician at elementary and basic school. The author managed to highlight the main conditions of readiness of students to teaching in the primary school. | 1869 | |||||
| 4800 | Recent explanation [1] of high-velocity features in type Ia supernovae (SNIa) requires signicant mass of circumstellar material (CSM) in SNIa progenitor system. If correct, it provides means of determining the mass of CSM along the line of sight. We study the distribution of mass in accretion disk, a natural candidate for the needed CSM. Accurate equation of state and Rosseland-mean opacities are used; several models for the latter are compared. We conclude that the standard model of accretion disks in SNIa progenitors does not yield the needed mass distribution to agree with observations. Keywords: accretion disk, supernova, circumstellar matter, radiative transfer, opacity | 1869 | |||||




