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# | Article | Downloads | |||||
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1851 | This article represents pun as a part of non-equivalent vocabulary and possible ways of its translation. Pun is a concept that cannot be translated directly between languages that is why it often becomes the reason why translators struggle so much while finding the right solution when dealing with puns. Puns represent British culture and British humour. Puns are the reason why British humour is often called dry and why other people like Russians often find it unfunny. Such assumptions can happen due to the poor Russian translation where the pun doesn’t obtain the original comicality it previously had. To avoid this a translator needs to transfer the English pun into the Russian language without losing its comicality. The main objective for a translator is to understand the pun and keep its comicality along with author’s intention. To achieve this he can use the right translation transformations. The right choice of the translation transformation is necessary for a good translation. Having met this condition the translation can be considered as equivalent to the original text. In the present article we compared the original English text containing puns and its 6 translations in order to find those translation transformations which are the most suitable and which keep the comicality of the original text. Keywords: pun, non-equivalent vocabulary, translation transformations, modulation, omission, transcription | 1087 | |||||
1852 | The article is devoted to a current problem of formation of readiness of future teachers for professional activity. The definition of “professional readiness of future teachers” is given. The authors analytically compare the position with the opinions of other scientists. According to the analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature, the authors identify active, cognitive and motivational components of the future teacher’s readiness for professional work. The authors trace formation of pedagogical subjectivity of students. The characteristics of educational motivation of students of pedagogical higher education institution are compared. Students come to higher education institution with external motivation. The role of innovative teaching methods, stimulating the development of their internal motivation, is emph asized. Justification of the fact that classroom and out-of-class independent work helps to create professional readiness for pedagogical activity is provided. By the time of entering into active practice, students have a lot of methodical materials and ideas, skills of creating educational games, elements of a fund of evaluation tools, useful experience of communication with the audience and desire to test themselves as a teacher in a real educational process in one of the educational organizations. Authors trace formation of students – future professionals in the conditions of real educational process in one of the educational organizations. The research is not only of theoretical, but also of empirical character, a large selection of students demonstrates the reliability of the results. Keywords: professional activity, teacher, preparation for professional activity, motivation of professional activity | 1087 | |||||
1853 | Galaychuk T. V. . // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 1 (4). P. 44-45 . | 1086 | |||||
1854 | In the article author try to look at the culturegene-sis process from the position of synergetic as interdisciplinary trend of scientific research. Human society is difficult unlined multysystem, functioning according to principle of self-organization. Development runs from chaos to organized complexity through series of bifurcation points. The trajectory of culturegenesis arises as result of addition of multitude of different-direct trends. Application of synergetic methodology opens new possibilities in understanding of development mechanism of human society. | 1086 | |||||
1855 | A specific writer's revision of sacral and mythological, as well as historical variants of "father and son" model is shown in the article by the example of figures of Apollon Apollonovich and Nikolai Apollonovich Ableukhovs. | 1086 | |||||
1856 | The article is devoted to description of art concepts in the poetry of Fyodor Sologub. The cognitive-communicative research allowed to differentiate universal and individual senses in art concept. | 1086 | |||||
1857 | In the Russian historiography a legal position of cooperation in Soviet period was being investigated rather fragmentarily. In this article we make an attempt of integral reporting the main phases of Russian cooperative legislation’s development from 1917 till 1931 years. The process of forming cooperative legislation and the content of legislative acts are subjected to short analysis. The main peculiarity of realization of cooperative legislation politics by State power is considered | 1086 | |||||
1858 | Potanin’s opinion concerning the necessity of reforming people’s education in Russia at the end of the XIXth – beginning of the XXth centuries is of great interest and actuality. The problems of education are on the first place in the past and present time. G.N. Potanin considered that the main idea of reforming Russian schools in the end of the XIXth-beginning of the XXth centuries should be patriotic education of Russian students. As a solution Potanin proposed to introduce the subject “rodinovedenie” (leaning about the country – Russia) in the school schedule. The main result of this reform should be the political stability in Russia. The October revolution and the Civil War in Russia in the beginning of the 20th century showed the truthfulness of G.N. Potanin’s views in this question. | 1086 | |||||
1859 | The article deals with the analysis of means of expressing the category of deviation in the English language. The consideration of this category is connected with significant research interest in classifing different kinds of deviation distinguished by many sciences including linguistics. Lexical means of expressing the deviation category are allocated and their semantics in various contexts is considered. Keywords: Deviation, category, norm, lexeme, semantics | 1086 | |||||
1860 | The article presents the system of education at school. There are ways, which show the activities of the teachers, their approaches to master this work. The experience of the school is rather rich and can be used in pedagogical practice. Keywords: Intellect, creative work, educational project, project activity, socialization, the community of teachers and learners, adult-children interaction, fallowing the learners, self-creation | 1086 | |||||
1861 | Innovational direction in teaching foreign communication supposes denying the reproductive stage in development of ability and priority of productive speech what demands from the students individual programs, independent communicative steps; all this results in original, creative, free speech connected with personally important information. Keywords: technologies of teaching foreign communication, the productive and original non-prepared speech | 1086 | |||||
1862 | On the analysis of literature the author of the article concludes that the bases of learning are the psycho-physiological characteristics of knowledge that must be considered in pedagogical activities. The article considers the individual principles of active learning through the creation of the current control knowledge. The author offers the option of constructing multi-level control of materials taking into account the individual abilities of students. Keywords: personalization, active learning, current control, cognitive activity, multi-level control system | 1086 | |||||
1863 | The article presents an analysis of the overt means used to mark the meaning of definiteness of the gothic abstact nouns. There are two types of definiteness: individualizing and anaphoric ones. Each of them has its own means of expression. It also presents the gothic stem-building suffix -ein- as an original marker of the individualizing type of definiteness. Keywords: gothic abstract nouns, definiteness, definite article, stem-building suffix | 1086 | |||||
1864 | The words denoting natural phenomena are analysed in the paper. They are all marked by consonantal stembuilding suffixes. Naturally they are formed from active verbs. The analyzed words were accepted as active/animate by ancient Germans which is supported by the data of history and culture. Keywords: natural phenomena, marking, stem-building suffixes, activity, etymology, ancient Germans | 1086 | |||||
1865 | In this article V. P.etsuha’s interest in Shukshin’s work can be explained by exceptional literariness of his work, perfection in epic form, close attention to lives of ordinary people. Appeal by the master of contemporary ironic prose to works of “the last Russian classicist” can be linked to the author’s preferred genres and everlasting interest in studying Russian national character. Keywords: contemporary Russian prose, postmodernism, ironic, genre, anecdote, absurd, paradox, Russian national character. | 1086 | |||||
1866 | Prospects of development of the system of physical experiment for rural and small schools are investigated. Possibilities of practical realisation of the technique of research physical experiment in its various kinds are presented. Problems and decisions on formation of offices of physics and natural sciences at rural schools are considered. Keywords: small school, rural school, educational equipment, physical experiment. | 1086 | |||||
1867 | The articles reviews factors of college students adaptation to the educational environment of professional education, integrated to the educational structure of the institution of higher education and conditioned by opportunities of the HEI environment. The article contains the results of these factors impact on students’ adaptation. Keywords: college students’ adaptation, educational environment, adaptive educational environment, practical learning, educational technologies | 1086 | |||||
1868 | The article raises questions of content and methodological foundations of economic analysis; it considers different points of view of scientists on this issue. An own view of information support the transition to innovative development of Russia with the help of system analysis in business economy and the external environment, which includes elements of economic research analysis. Keywords: economic analysis, financial analysis, management analysis, differentiation, integration | 1086 | |||||
1869 | One of the leading directions of research in contemporary Russian and foreign linguistics is the study of discourse. In this article we are talking about a scientific discourse that differs from other types of discourse and has its clear characteristics, requirements and design. Scientific discourse, according to most researchers, is objectified, but as a sphere of human activity, it can not escape the influence of the author’s personality. The primary stage in the creation of a scientific text is the choice of a theme that reflects the title of the text, i.e. already at this stage a pragmatic aspect may appear. Creating the scientific text, the author puts his subjective view, evaluation on the subject of research, also focuses on the reader who will perceive the text, and therefore the position and opinion of the author of the text, agreeing with it or not agreeing, but provoking a reaction and receiving a response to the text. To test this hypothesis, a content analysis of theses on the specialty “General History (of the corresponding period)” was conducted for the period from 1980 to 2010 and revealed the relationship between the choice of the topic of the dissertation and the socio-political situation. Keywords: pragmatics of scientific text, pragmatic aspect, historiographic source, thesis abstract, content analysis | 1086 | |||||
1870 | The author examines the cultural situation of the pre¬sent in the article «The contemporary cultural situation as a transition from modem to postmodern culture». There are two general points of view on that subject: some re¬searchers suppose that this transition has been done and some are sure that it has been created artificially and the epoch of Modem hasn't been made jet. Having analyzed some home and foreign sources of literature the main characteristics of modem and postmodern cultures have been revealed. It proves that the human culture is in the transitional period. | 1085 | |||||
1871 | The motif of temptation is considered as dominating in organizing the ideological space of the novels. The sacral texts that help explicate this motif are revealed and discussed. | 1085 | |||||
1872 | The author of the paper analyzes Zhukovsky's latest publicism. The article states the problems of the first Rus¬sian romanticist in moral - aesthetical and religious -philosophical seeking. The prose works are considered in connection with the peculiarities of aesthetics and po¬etics of his prose. Its leading idea of synthesis organical¬ly stems from romantic philosophy of universalism. Zhu¬kovsky's articles are edited to both his general creative system and the formation process of the Russian prose. | 1085 | |||||
1873 | In this article we study the realization of class principle of army recruitment on a regional scale. The latest statistic data are also reported. It is shown that for reforming and recruiting of modern army forces of Russia we should be critical and also take the previous experience of the army development into consideration. | 1085 | |||||
1874 | Problem of the man’s perception of time is discussed in article. The different approaches to explanation of mechanism this no quite comprehensible process are analysed. The hypothesis about possible relationship between subjective time and unconscious color preferences are promoted. There are analysed results of the study, carried out with use the author’s technique “Reproduction of time to presenting color standards”. | 1085 | |||||
1875 | High technologies evoke considerable changes in the system of «science». These changes touch upon such questions as organization and disciplinary structure of science, principles of control over scientific society, ways of scientific communication and reproduction, training of scientific specialists and problem of scientific ethics as well. Ethic standards play crucial role in competitive interactions within scientific society. The main consequences of High-Tech influence on scientific ethics are rapprochement of ideals of natural, social and human sciences, merging values and standards of science, manufacture and business. The research is supported by grant RFBR № 04-06-80192. | 1085 | |||||
1876 | The article provides an overview of a possible approach to the creation of pedagogical conditions, facilitating the development of the metacognitive competence of the students. Approach to the development of a set of diagnostic measurements, which allow evaluation of the efficiency of these conditions in real educational practice, is offered. Based on the analysis of the results of the manipulation with the pedagogical conditions, the author shares her vision of the existing issues and possible ways of increasing educational efficiency under conditions of distance learning. | 1085 | |||||
1877 | The article considers associative “unfolding” of O. Mandelshtam poetic texts with use of experiment’s data. The article studies one of the possible way of associative text structure study on the basis of associations, which are stimulated by the whole text. | 1085 | |||||
1878 | The article deals with the actual trends of municipal educational system development. Their research actuality depends on objective tendency in Russian education development: increasing state and society demands to country municipal educational system in the sphere of quality, efficiency and availability of educational service; necessity of forming machinery of country education development: territorial system including modern school models (including lacking specified number schools) realizing modern educational programs using innovations in educational techniques; models and techniques raising the level of country teachers’ skill. The author of this article gives the definition of this notion, municipal educational system classification, description of experiment and its results in forming Tomsk Region educational system. Keywords: keywords_eng | 1085 | |||||
1879 | The grounds of system research of innovations in high school are presented; its characteristic features and principles of analysis are shown. The elements of system analyses of innovations in high educational system are shown. They include systematic-component, systematic-structural, systematic-functional approaches. Keywords: . | 1085 | |||||
1880 | The article examines the directions of innovational providing of the quality of lughet professional education in Russia. The author analyses the problems of creating standards, procedures and recommendations of guaranteeing quality of institutional educational activity based on Boloney's declaration. Keywords: educational standarts, quality of education, innovation activity of institute of high education, Bologna process | 1085 | |||||
1881 | Researches of the chromosomal organisation and polymorphism of inversion of Far East malarial mosquito A. sinensis Wiedemann a complex «hyrcanus» were carried out in Primorye Territory. During work the chromosomal map of a kind is made, marker disks are noted. Wide intraspecific chromosomal polymorphism on all parts of autosome is revealed. The analysis of polymorphism of inversion in different points of catching of larvae in the south of Primorye Territory has revealed various level of a variety of the chromosomal variants, correlating with degree of remoteness biotopes from sea coast. The greatest polymorphism is established in population in a distance from the sea (settlement Sibirtsevo); the least is in vicinities of Vladivostok; variability has intermediate character in population of mosquitoes of state Artem. Keywords: malarial mosquitoes, karyotype, polymorphism of inversion, homozygote, heterozygote, autosome, population, genetic structure | 1085 | |||||
1882 | The author considers the typical approaches of teaching of painting in various schools of architecture and design within the limits of the undergraduate degree. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of teaching painting at the initial (propaedeutic) grade level. In the article some methods of training at the course of painting within the limits of the propaedeutic approach, developed by the author on the basis of the theoretical analysis of the scientific and special literature, and the results of experimental studies is described. Keywords: Bachelor, propaedeutics, painting, teaching methods | 1085 | |||||
1883 | The article deals with the peculiarities of syntax and rhythm in the poems of the 19-th century English poet Gerard Manley Hopkins. Special attention is given to the analysis of Sprung Rhythm created by Hopkins and its constituents. Keywords: Hopkins, syntactic ambiguity, Sprung Rhythm, juxtaposed stresses, rhyme, alliteration | 1085 | |||||
1884 | This article is devoted to the organizing experience of pedagogical support of distance learning on the basis of National research university “Belgorod State University”. The authors show peculiarities of interaction between teacher and student and organization of teaching material in the distance course of discipline “Foreign language” at National research university “Belgorod State University”. Keywords: distance learning, pedagogical support of distance learning, interaction, distance course “Foreign language” | 1085 | |||||
1885 | The article includes analysis of clothes change motive and its main functions in “Peter I” novel by A. N. Tolstoy. This motive plays an important part in the development of the plot, in the revelation of the nature and the acts of the characters. The author of the work appealed to deferent episodes of the novel, where there are such functions of clothes change motive as socio-cultural, political and psychological, and uncovered their special features. Keywords: Peter`s I epoch, clothes change motive, costume, costume details, clothes, “poteshnyy” (lit. “fun”) world of Peter I, functions of clothes change | 1085 | |||||
1886 | The dialogue is provided with a special existential sense in the present-day world. The dialogue has deep interrelations with scientific knowledge. The preparation for the scientific activity is one of the major problems which are being solved in university education and includes knowledge, abilities and practice of a scientific dialogue. This paper focuses on some steps for the solution to this essential didactic problem in the course of a foreign language for undergraduate students in the technical university. Keywords: scientific dialogue, preparation for scientific activity, a foreign language for undergraduate students | 1085 | |||||
1887 | The article presents a short description of the water objects of exploring territories. The majority of explored lakes are the old bed areas of the Uy River. The main body of the article is devoted to the exploration results of the flora and cenotic composition of vegetation cover of the Uy River Valley water objects. According to the data of geobotanic descriptions the list of water macrophytes groupings types for the Uy River Valley water objects was done. 17 out of 27 described associations of hydramacrophytes are cited for the territory of exploration the first time. Keywords: the Uy river; flora of hydromacrophytes; aquatic vegetation | 1085 | |||||
1888 | The article describes the development of higher defectology education in connection with the transition to a tiered system of vocational training. The article is devoted to perspectives of higher defectology education in connection with the change of the FSES. It gives characteristics of the modern approach to the organization of training of specialists of defectology profile. The article describes an example of implementation of the course according to the student’ choice, to prepare a competent specialist. Keywords: training of professionals, specialists of defectology, a speech therapist, a Bachelor of Science degree in special defectology education, competent expert | 1085 | |||||
1889 | The paper considers interjections in the framework of the theory of speech acts. Different approaches of foreign linguists to the description of the illoсutionary purpose in interjection’s utterances are analyzed. The ideas of Anna Wierzbicka about the absence of illocutionary purpose in this type of utterances as consequence of their spontaneity was criticized by D. Wilkins and T. Wharton. These researchers adduce arguments in favor of illocution’s presence in interjections and argue that the extent of illocution varies from interjection to interjection, depending on the degree of it’s linguistics or paralinguistics. On the basis of discursive analyses data I argue that above-mentioned regularity contradicts the obvious language facts. The first fact is that the same interjection can be used in various types of speech acts, and another one is that the subclass of volitive interjections has an evident illocutionary purpose in spite of its strong extent of paralinguistics. In this paper I propose new solution to the interpretation of interjections within the speech acts theory, which is based on the understanding that non-controversial description of interjections can be achieved on the base of recognition of their interactional character. An interactional character is understood in this case as subject-subject or object-subject forms of speech behavior which take place at the moment of interjections uttering. Such approach allows to overcome the restrictions of numeral interpretative theories which are relevant only for prototypical emotive interjections. The understanding of interactional nature of interjections speech acts allows us to elaborate the theory that can be used as theoretical basis for all subclasses of interjections. Under this approach all types of interjections could be qualified as behabitives that had been characterized by J. Searle as reactions to behavior of other people. Within the offered classification there is a need of a reinterpretation of the term “behabitives”. This category has to be expanded from traditional etiquette speech acts to all types of utterances containing emotive and volitive interjections. Keywords: interjections, speech acts theory, illocutionary purpose, expressive speech acts, behabitives, emotive interjections | 1085 | |||||
1890 | The article deals with the intonation of emphatic (highly emotional) speech of the modern Russian literary language with the purpose of revealing innovations in the intonation. The research is carried out on the performances staged in the State Academic Maly Theatre. We have analyzed 15 hours of sounding speech which allowed us to discover all the variety of the intonation patterns in the modern Russian language. As a result of the carried out research, we have revealed the following changes in the intonation of the modern Russian language: a great number of the occurrence of the mid-level ending in final sense-groups and the use of the high-narrow rise at the end of declarative and exclamatory sentences. We give a detailed consideration to the occurrence and meanings of these intonation endings combined with various scales. In addition to that, we first observe the use of the fall-rise in emphatic speech of the modern Russian language, as well as the use of the gradually ascending stepping scale, the descending scandent and sliding scales. Thus, the present research shows that the intonation of emphatic speech of the modern Russian language is much more colourful than it has been described before. The obtained results make a contribution to the suprasegmental phonetics and can be applied by the Russian teachers in practice, and they can also be of great use for foreign students learning the Russian intonation. Keywords: intonation, emphatic speech, innovation, intonation pattern, intonation scale, intonation ending | 1085 | |||||
1891 | The article reveals one of the key requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard to the results of mastering the basic educational program of basic general and secondary general education - the formation of communicative competence of students. As mandatory skills that ensure the communicative nature of the individual, the FSES emphasizes the ability to consciously use speech tools in accordance with the task of communication to express their feelings, thoughts and needs, to plan and regulate their activities; ability to use oral and written speech, monologic contextual speech. The content of communicative competence is the ability to set and solve a certain type of communicative tasks that is the use of the acquired knowledge, skills, and skills of speech activity in practice. The importance of development of communicative skills and abilities for successful socialization, adaptation and self-realization in the society is noted. The notions “communicative actions”, “communicative abilities and skills”, “communicative competence” are specified. The necessity of teaching the genre composition in view of the FSES requirements to the formation of the communicative competence of the students is substantiated. The results of experimental work on the formation of genre-communicative skills of students on the example of teaching essays as a genre of writing are presented. Teaching essays is chosen as a key to provide a modern man with necessary skills in his speech practice. The presented method of teaching essay is built on the activation of the personal experience of students. In the learning process, spe cial methods for the development of associative thinking, traditional and non-standard methods of developing communicative abilities and skills are used. The developed and tested technique allowed to get a high level of communication abilities and skills of high school students. Keywords: communicative actions, communicative abilities and skills, communicative competence, genre composition, essay | 1085 | |||||
1892 | Introduction. The concept of a toponym as a marker of the geographical space and the role of toponymy in the scientific system are revealed. The role of the toponym included as a component of the phraseological unit and the cultural value of these idioms are determined. The relevance of the research, its purpose and novelty are substantiated. Material and methods. The research material is the phraseological units of the modern English language with a toponym as a component (213 units). The methods of the study are the statistical method and the method of the linguacultural analysis. Results and discussion. Toponymic phraseological units reflect and verbalize the various segments of the objective reality including the material and spiritual world of a personality. Toponymic phraseological units reveal a person’s attitude to the reality surrounding him/her, a person’s attitude to the people near him/her and the attitude to self. They also analyze the external and internal aspects of the personality, focusing the view on the appearance of a man or woman, on his/her voice, on gait, on mental state of mind, on the moral qualities and the character of a personality. The image of a personality creating by phraseological units can be positive or negative one. Conclusion. Any toponym (especially if it belongs to the “native” culture) has a national identity. It reflects (except the historical, territorial and geographical peculiarities of the nation), the national mentality, character, and specific features of the people’s life. The English phraseological units with a toponym as a component reflect the national identity as well. These idioms are divided into two large groups: 1) those which show the material comforts of the everyday life and 2) those which tell us about the inward habits of the people. Toponymic phraseological units of the second group include six subgroups. Subgroups including the idioms reflecting the people’s attitude to the social reality and to the other people prevail. Keywords: geographical space, phraseological unit, idiom, toponymy, toponym, toponymic phraseological unit, material comforts, inward habits | 1085 | |||||
1893 | In the paper the psychological-pedagogical problems of diagnostic monitoring systems creation of training qual¬ity based on modem computer technologies surveyed. Is shown, that the quality control of knowledge should be considered as the pedagogical technology, as a basis of derivation handle. The authoring approach to organization of a standard control of knowledge was suggested. | 1084 | |||||
1894 | The author is interpreting the way worked up by Vi¬atcheslav Ivanov, the poet and theorist of Russian sym¬bolism as an original «connected text» representing the outer and inner life as the result of emotional and spiritu¬al quest of the personality. In the context of historical, cultural and everyday life some «esoteric» aspects of his work are cleared out. | 1084 | |||||
1895 | Based on the comparative analysis of the U.S. innova¬tive practice in the field of training of the youth for employ¬ment the article reveals new educational initiatives: organi¬zational and pedagogical models of multilevel vocational and professional education, forms of transition from school to work etc. The author makes the conclusion on the existence of the adaptation potential of the international experience in question that can be borrowed under conditions of the Rus¬sian educational system modernization. Keywords: - | 1084 | |||||
1896 | In the process of training primary school teachers for innovative activity it was revealed that the success was not great enough in view of the fact that they experienced a great number of difficulties. We cleared up these difficulties and the ways of overcoming them and worked out the con¬ception of training teachers for innovative activity. Analyzing the character of teachers successful education¬al work in the process of training by innovative technologies (IT) the author pays attention to studying teachers', didactic difficulties (DD), which reduce teachers', progress during their further training at innovative technologies refresher courses. Studying the character of didactic difficulties (DD) and the ways of overcoming them by means of special training becomes the basis of the author's conception of raising the effectiveness of educational process. Considering these actions to be the preliminary stage of any courses, raising the level of professional skills opens wide opportunities for raising the effectiveness in teaching new educational tech¬nologies. The author suggests a system of organizing de¬veloping studies based on methodical devices and recom¬mendations how to use them while overcoming didactic dif¬ficulties (DD), which were worked out by the author. Keywords: - | 1084 | |||||
1897 | The author considers the problem of the corporative culture, underlining that the corporative culture characterizes relations which are formed between people in the process of socially significant activity. The types of cultures appeared in the corporations are divided into west (intividualism) and east (collectivism). The article shows that the formation and the development of corporation passes through some stages connecting with the development of the human society, which are offered by D. Bell (pre-industrial – industrial – post-industrial) and E. Toffler (first, second third waves of civilization). | 1084 | |||||
1898 | The article reveals the basis for the methods of physical training with applying the elements of programming for the students that have some deviation in the state of health. It considers programming of the content of physical training lessons with the target group of students. | 1084 | |||||
1899 | A method is described for the determination of suifide-ions by cathodic stripping voltammetry at mercury film electrode in 1 M NaOH. The peak height observed at –0,76 ± 0,96 V (saturated silver – chloride electrode) was proportional to the concentration of suifide-ions between 2·10-6 and 1·10-4 M. Tiosulfate - ions do not prevent the determination of sulfide – ions | 1084 | |||||
1900 | Problems connected with contents and organization of effective methodical help to teachers are discussed in the paper. The idea of making a course of methods an independent discipline is considered. Some solutions which could essentially improve practice of training are suggested. | 1084 |