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| 5101 | Introduction. The problems of awareness of life difficulties, psychological needs and anxieties of women of the Asian diaspora, as well as their survival strategies are studied. Material and methods. This paper takes a comparative literature approach and textual close reading methods to interpret two novels written by Chinese overseas female writers. Results and discussion. Both Nieh Hualing’s Mulberry and Peach (1981) and Jean Kwok’s Searching for Sylvie Lee (2019) depict the diasporic experiences of female fictional characters in war times and peaceful contemporary era respectively. Even if the dates of publication of the two novels are across nearly half a century, there are a number of identical elements between them. For instance, both female protagonists suffer from constant cross-border movements, estrangement, even schizophrenia. This paper endeavors to tackle the problems that firstly why female diasporas fall into the estrangement predicament through ceaseless transnational movements, then what are the dialectical relations of spatial mobility and estrangement, and lastly how and why they forge the alternating personality and fluid identity. Conclusion. Through analysis, it concludes that the ceaseless spatial mobility experiences prompt the diasporic protagonists to estrange from their family, culture and self. Furthermore, spatial mobility and estrangement interplay between each other, and finally leading to diasporic women’s dual personalities, which can be seen as both the predicament and the survival strategies of those diasporas. That is to say, the flexible and fluid personality or identity is a request for them to survive in foreign countries. It is hoped that the discussion on those protagonists’ survival tactics will shed light on the exploration of the possible strategies to better the diasporas’ living conditions. Keywords: отчужденность, женщины, эмиграция, пространственный поток | 1861 | |||||
| 5102 | Zagrevskaya A.I. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 1 (4). P. 47-48 . | 1860 | |||||
| 5103 | Klochkov V.P. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 1 (10). P. 68-71 . | 1860 | |||||
| 5104 | Sidorov V.Y. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 2 (11). P. 23-25 . | 1860 | |||||
| 5105 | The article is devoted to investigating the models of semantic derivation in the Old Russian Language. The analysis is focused on the metaphorical denotation of the basic emotions, joy, sorrow, fear, anger etc. The insufficiency of the data about the dia-chronical aspect of emotive vocabulary makes the research topical. | 1860 | |||||
| 5106 | Studying creative processes has become of current importance as a result of introducing science organization and management principles to science and production. Creative tninking of a future engineer is develops most effectively through course and graduation work designing. Creative thinking of a personality arises from a problem solving or conflict settling situation. Keywords: creative thinking, coursework and graduation work designing, engineering | 1860 | |||||
| 5107 | The problem of measurement in the human studies is discussed in the article. It’s established that the mechanisms of self-organization of social and cultural systems are information processes. On the basis of the information and synergistic approach the interdependence of characteristics of information is defined. Application of characteristics of information for the measurements in the human studies is discussed. The conclusion is verified on the basis of the established correspondence of stages of information processes and anthropological impacts of collective dreams. Keywords: problem of measurement, the information and synergistic approach, characteristics of information, purpose, goal, dream | 1860 | |||||
| 5108 | This article describes the possibilities of using modern information technologies in education as one of the most important and sustainable mechanisms to enhance the learning process at school. Keywords: interactive learning technologies, distant education, resource provision | 1860 | |||||
| 5109 | The article considers the problems of moral education in modern society from the perspective of studies of approaches of social and pedagogical support of deviant teenagers. Keywords: moral education, deviant teenagers, modern problems of education | 1860 | |||||
| 5110 | The article deals with the problem of training of teachers for professional activity in situation of continuous innovations. The article describes the basic concepts for innovative practice of teachers: “innovation process”, “levels of innovation”, “efficiency of the innovation process”, “effectiveness of innovative activity of teachers”. Identified features for innovative practical of teachers. The peculiar features of the innovative activity and the activity of innovative direction are identified and proved. It is substantiated that training of teachers for innovative activity should be based on the development of methods, techniques of activities with innovative orientation. Keywords: innovation process, levels of innovations, innovative activity of teachers, effectiveness of innovative activity of teachers, practical activities with signs of innovation | 1860 | |||||
| 5111 | The article describes a new experimental procedure for the preparation of personal, metasubject and subject results at computer science lessons in the process of group collaboration on technology tools web 2.0. Gives pedagogical conditions for the successful implementation of this technique. Selects a component activities affecting the receipt of personal, metasubject and subject results in the framework of such organization of educational cooperation. Formulates indicators for assessing the quality of students’ activity during group work based on web 2.0. In conclusion, the results of the experiment, confirming the receipt of the students personality, metasubject and subject results registered in the new federal educational standards. Keywords: Web 2.0, Internet technologies, cooperation of students, personality, subject and meta-subject results of teaching | 1860 | |||||
| 5112 | The term “the national character of the literary creation” is in the base of our research showing how the language material can reflect peculiar features of a certain culture. Language and culture meet each other with the help of a concept. Usually an interpreter translates only a conceptual component, as a rule ignoring an associative-cultural one. In our work we reveal lexemes which reflect national concepts of Little Russia and analyze English translation of them. On the basis of Little Russian songs from the stories “The fair of Sorochinetz” and “A night in May or drowned maiden” we are revealing lexemes which reflect national Little Russian concepts, which are given in the texts of songs as ethnographic and political realia and analyzing a specific character of their translation into English. Keywords: national character, concept, non-equivalent lexicon, realia, denotative meaning, significative meaning, connotation, songs of Little Russia | 1860 | |||||
| 5113 | Studying of cultural and educational work in camps of GULAG helps to reconstruct scales and chronology of implementation of large production projects, problems at construction of production objects, forms and methods of ideological influence on prisoners, etc. It is possible to reach objectives only in case of critical approach to studying of archival materials and sources of a personal origin. The article investigates the question of real incentives of work of the camps of railway construction (SULZhDS) which was engaged in construction of the Transarctic railroad of Plagues (Vorkuta) concluded in Northern management – Salekhard – Igarka. As a result of the conducted research draws the conclusion that real motivation for prisoners within labor competition as one of the directions of cultural and educational work there was a system of offsets of the working days. Due to the use of the system of “offsets” the high level of interest of the contingent of prisoners in the end results of the work at construction of the Transarctic railroad was provided. Keywords: Camp newspaper, cultural and educational department, Transarctic railroad, Northern management of camps of railway construction, GULAG | 1860 | |||||
| 5114 | Kovaleva S.V. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1997. Issue 2 (2). P. 49-51 . | 1859 | |||||
| 5115 | . | 1859 | |||||
| 5116 | Kochetkov M.V. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 5 (14). P. 43-48 . | 1859 | |||||
| 5117 | The article is dedicated to one of most important tasbs of modern Russian state, i.e. the creation of a single program of developing in the system of education. Historical experience of the development of the Russian civilization proves that the premises for the formation of the educational system seem to be the: needs of economics, ideology, policy and activity of progressive reformers. | 1859 | |||||
| 5118 | The article reveals the actual problems of high qualification specialists (doctors of sciences) training. The author of the ar¬ticle sees the main reason of complication of the analyzed prob¬lem in reducing the amount of state expenses on science de¬velopment with the result of «brain drain» out of Russia. At the same time the article notes such tendencies of high qualification specialists training as an increasing number of doctors and professors in the filed of physical-mathemat¬ical, psychological-pedagogical and humanitarian sciences; rejuvenation and feminization of new doctors of sciences. The article emphasizes the necessity of further improve¬ment of financial and social positions of scientists. Keywords: - | 1859 | |||||
| 5119 | The article presents the results of the operational analysis of the basic indices in the field of mass physi¬cal culture and sport and the highest achievements in Tomsk region over a 10 year period of changing of our society. | 1859 | |||||
| 5120 | The article touches on the problems of self-development process of world economy special outline - a scientific and innovational one. The authors analyse the process of building up and bringing into use national worker's intellectually creative potential. | 1859 | |||||
| 5121 | The article presents topical problems of the quality of university education. The author considers the issues of the information-educational needs formation of the university students. The author’s idea of the pedagogic conditions of the students’ information-educational needs formation is presented. The model of the information-educational needs formation in the educational process of the higher educational establishment has been developed by the author. The trends of the system of work with students providing the process of the information-educational needs formation have been determined. The basic principles of the information-educational needs formation have been formulated in the article. Keywords: formation, information-educational needs, modeling, pedagogical conditions, educational activity of the university | 1859 | |||||
| 5122 | In this article the component structure of the student's cognitive potential is specified on the basic of the content's analysis of the notion «the person's cognitive potential». Problem solution perspective trained of cognitive potential development is indicated on the basis of activity modular education. Keywords: cognitive potential, generated, general educative abilities, cognitive abilities, cognitive activity, self-education, activity modular education | 1859 | |||||
| 5123 | The article is devoted to the comparative analyses of the role of ethical ideas in the narratives of the late Enlightenment. The ethical component of the text of «The history of the Russian state» is considered in the context of the anglo-scottish historiographical tradition of the second half of the 18th century. Keywords: ethical ideas, good, evil, last Enlightenment, historiographical tradition | 1859 | |||||
| 5124 | The article presents a brief outline of the most important research areas of gender and gender differences in psychology and research findings in the internal (from general constitution) factors forming individual personality traits of gender identity of young men and women. Keywords: gender studies, the general constitution of man, individual personal gender identity | 1859 | |||||
| 5125 | Essential characteristics of the anthropological dimension of pedagogical reality are specified in connection with correlating concepts: «an anthropological plane», «an anthropological discourse», «an anthropological approach». The basic directions of discursive interpretation of anthropological dimension of pedagogical reality are designated. Keywords: anthropological plane, anthropological dimension, anthropological discourse, anthropological approach, discourse, discursive interpretation, discursive ontology, pedagogical reality | 1859 | |||||
| 5126 | The renormalization of general gauge theories curved space-time backgrounds is considered within the Sp(2)-covariant quantization method. It is proven that gauge invariant and diffeomorphism invariant renormalizability to all orders in the loop expansion and the extended BRST symmetry after renormalization is preserved. Keywords: Extended BRST symmetry, Sp(2) quantization, general covariance, renormalization | 1859 | |||||
| 5127 | Heuristic power and cognitive limits of the concept of complexity is viewed in this paper. It is shown, that the use of the concept of complexity helps us not only to recognize to what extent social thinking could accept basic ideas of synergetics, but also to deepen methodological reflection of the natural and social sciences’ integration process. It is also shown, that the study of temporality semiotics as an instrument of complexity reduction appears to be one of the most important aspects in methodological recognition of the above-mentioned process in social thinking and activity. Keywords: complexity, synergetics, meaning, social action, temporality semiotics | 1859 | |||||
| 5128 | The article proves that a teacher, able to organize and carry out investigation, comes to the fore in the conditions of federal state educational standards of common education. The author defines “teacher’s research potential”, “development of teacher’s research potential”. Special attention is paid to methods of development of teacher’s research potential at the system of an additional vocational education. Keywords: teacher’s research potential, development of teacher’s research potential, methodology, system of additional vocational education | 1859 | |||||
| 5129 | The article deals with the diversity of tree plants of the agrobiological station (ABS), Tomsk State Pedagogical University (TSPU) as of October 2012. There was presented taxonomic composition, chronological spectrum and other vital forms of trees ABS TSPU. Keywords: tree species, species diversity, life form, chorological analysis | 1859 | |||||
| 5130 | The article involves analysis of sky categorization based on the dialect material of the Selkup language. The paper considers the role of the sky in the worldview of the Selkup ethnic group, relevant sky, sun and rainbow characteristics. Keywords: the Selkup language, language worldview, categorization, conceptual feature, sky, sun, rainbow | 1859 | |||||
| 5131 | The article is devoted to a new science of language that is semantic lingvopersonology. Its object is to study the semantic level of language personality that primarily includes semantics of words and sentences. The author of the article comes to the idea that the analysis of semantics of the word is an effective tool for describing the author’s worldview. The author also analyzes the semantics of the word “woman”, shows how the value of this word is associated with the writer`s concept sphere, with high appreciation of the natural life. In V. P. Astafiev’s discours the attitude towards women is the criterion of the rating of men. The study is carried out on the material of the key works by V. P. Astafiev: “The Last Tribute”, “Czar Fish”, “The Cursed and the Slain”, “Shepherd and His Wife”, “Ode to Russian Vegetable Garden”. Keywords: semantics, semantic lingvopersonology, language personality, author’s world view, woman, V. P. Astafiev | 1859 | |||||
| 5132 | In the article we are talking about the interaction of the higher and secondary schools in the context of the implementation of the competence approach, on the one hand, as a manifestation of the openness and continuity of the modern educational process, on the other, as an important component of the university training of students who study in the field of Pedagogical Education. It is noted that a knowledge component in the university education of this contingent of trainees should be present sufficiently, and substantive training should necessarily be guided by future professional activity. In fact, university training in the subject area of students of a pedagogical university should use the criterion of applicability of information in future professional activity as a priority reference point in studying any topic of each subject block. In this connection, the student is obliged to know the normative base of general education, to have an idea of the programs implemented in the general education school, to be able to give them a competent assessment. The student should be familiar with a certain range of scientific and educational-methodical literature on the subject. The role of educational and production practices, research work, as well as network sites, stimulating students’ motivation for mastering the profession, social adaptation and personal growth, is also being updated in the process of the university training of students-philologists. As an example, the forms of network interaction practiced in the process of implementing the program “Formation of the professional culture of teachers in the new educational conditions” are analyzed as part of the network of the experimental site “school – university” (IAOU School No. 14 named after A. F. Lebedev, Tomsk – Tomsk State Pedagogical University). It is concluded that it is the orientation of a pedagogical university to a school and close interaction with it that will allow for the professional training of students-philologists in the context of the changed requirements of society, presented to the modern teacher. Keywords: competence approach, openness of the educational environment, network interaction, continuity of the educational process | 1859 | |||||
| 5133 | The article deals with the analysis of the structure and content of the linguacultural concept “Enterprise” in the Russian linguacultural view of the world. Data for study includes dictionary entries of various explanatory dictionaries and encyclopedias as well as the electronic collection of newspaper reviews presented in a reference system of Russian National Corpus. The article provides the results of description and comparison of cognitive signs of the considered concept presented in the semantics of dictionary definitions and on material of Russian modern printing media. The analysis presented in the article allows to define and enlarge the list of notional signs of the concept “Enterprise”, and reveals some peculiar conceptual features while studying the combinability of the above-mentioned concept that gives the chance to present a more detailed mental world picture of Russian native speakers. According to our statistics, the key signs of the concept verbalized in dictionary definitions are “activity”, “agent/person” connected to enterprise activity and “benefit”, as a result of activity. While corpus examples, apart from those basic signs, demonstrate more diverse structure of cognitive signs, which represent concept “Enterprise” as a social phenomenon, such as “job”, “source of income”, “subject, course”, “social layer”, “social and economic phenomenon”, “image”, etc. The article is also due to show the changes in speakers’ mental picture of the world caused by the changes in the society. The research results can be used to compile dictionary entries as well as to provide lectures in Cognitive linguistics, Linguacultural Studies, etc. Keywords: linguacultural concept, lexeme-representative, notional sign, conceptual feature | 1859 | |||||
| 5134 | At this stage of the terminology development, terminologists are particularly interested in studying the terminology of special fields of knowledge using a cognitive approach. The use of frame analysis in terms of this approach makes it possible to present the terminology model of any professional field most successfully. The purpose of the paper is to build a cognitive-frame model of the Russian term system of the field “Open architectural space design” as a fragment of the architectural and design terminology of the professional sphere “Design of architectural environment”. The material for the analysis is more than 680 lexical units of the field “Open architectural space design”, selected using a continuous sampling method from texts of educational, scientific and Internet sources of the specialty “Design of the architectural environment”, architectural design and linguistic dictionaries and reference books. The research methodology is based on general scientific and linguistic methods and techniques: descriptive, comparative methods, methods of classification and linguistic modeling, as well as definitional, contextual and frame analysis. The basic concepts within the framework of the cognitive approach are defined. The interpretation of the terms frame, subframe, slot is presented. The theoretical foundations of frame modeling are highlighted, the frame structure used in the study is justified. A hierarchical cognitive-frame model of the term system “Open architectural space design” is constructed, consisting of three frames: “Urban environment design”, “Landscape design”, “Lighting design”. Within each frame, units of lower levels such as subframes, slots and micro-slots are allocated. Interframe processes have been studied: the relations of intersection within the macroframe “Open architectural space design”, including between units of different levels, as well as the relations of intersection with the macroframe “Interior Design” are revealed. The special role of the frame “Lighting Design” is defined, consisting of general terminology for the macroframes “Open architectural space design” and “Interior design” and specific terms for each of them. The frame model of the term system “Open architectural space design” makes it possible to present a hierarchically organized system of the terminology and identify its intra-system relationships. The results of the research can be useful for terminologists, specialists in the field of architectural environment design, for teaching practice in universities. Keywords: design of architectural environment, Open architectural space design, architectural and design terminology, the Russian language, frame, cognitive-frame modeling | 1859 | |||||
| 5135 | . | 1858 | |||||
| 5136 | Rytova T.A. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 6 (15). P. 58-63 . | 1858 | |||||
| 5137 | The article is dedicated to the problem of educational content and objectives of education. The author considers modification of content in the historic context up to its recent state. Dynamic changes of the modern society entail changes in all aspects of social life, especially in education. The main issue of the article is who should define educational content? In the ancient world this was done by philosophers, during the Middle Ages by the Church, and starting from the Age of Enlightenment it was done by the State. Nowadays this function belongs to society. It causes some problems related to the statement of goals and controlling educational content. Solution of these problems involves elaboration of mechanisms allowing every member of society to participate in these processes. | 1858 | |||||
| 5138 | At this article the authors analyses the problems installation of modern technologies to physical fundamental education and they suggests the way of combination the traditions and innovations technologies at the process organization elective courses | 1858 | |||||
| 5139 | The article considers the opportunity of solving the problem of non-linguistic students’ independent work organization by way of Web 2.0 integration into learning process. It outlines the advantages of using Web 2.0 over traditional means of studies based on Internet. The paper gives the example of how to make a learner’s web-project on English. Keywords: learning competence, independent work, information technologies, Web 2.0, blog, English. | 1858 | |||||
| 5140 | General measures of regional policy in higher education are analyzed in the article. This policy is aimed on the forming of the world level training system as a key for development of science intensive economy. A consortium of universities and scientific organizations is studied as the cornerstone for the system. Keywords: innovative educational programs and projects, consolidation of resources, human resources, science intensive economy, networking. | 1858 | |||||
| 5141 | This article presents a list of special competencies Master Teacher Education, the profile “Computer scienc ” in the field of information systems and the content of teaching computer science master’s sections relating to the design and development of information systems. Keywords: information system, life cycle of information system, special competencies, learning content | 1858 | |||||
| 5142 | The details of unconstrained Lagrangian formulations (being continuation of earlier developed research for Bose particles in NPB 862 (2012) 270, [arXiv:1110.5044[hep-th]], Phys. of Part. and Nucl. 43 (2012) 689, [arXiv:1202.4710 [hep-th]]) are reviewed for Fermi particles propagated on an arbitrary dimensional Minkowski space-time and described by the unitary irreducible half-integer higher-spin representations of the Poincare group subject to Young tableaux Y (s1; ... ; sk) with k rows. The procedure is based on the construction of the Verma modules and nding auxiliary oscillator realizations for the orthosymplectic osp(kj2k) superalgebra which encodes the second-class operator constraints subsystem in the HS symmetry superalgebra. Applying of an universal BRST-BFV approach permit to reproduce gauge-invariant Lagrangians with reducible gauge symmetries describing the free dynamics of both massless and massive fermionic elds of any spin with appropriate number of gauge and Stukelberg elds. The general construction possesses by the obvious possibility to derive Lagrangians with only holonomic constraints. Keywords: higher spins, BRST symmetry, Lagrangian formulation, Verma module, gauge invariance | 1858 | |||||
| 5143 | The paper defends the thesis that zombie image cinema is a topical phenomenon not only for cinema but also for philosophy. It was shown the modification of zombie image cinema in modern philosophy. The author comes to conclusion that it is possible to maintain a special case of interpretation of modification of zombie image cinema in modern philosophy. Keywords: zombie, philosophical zombies, consciousness philosophy, consumer society, rationality, human beings | 1858 | |||||
| 5144 | The article revealed the problem of the educational process in technical universities, the lack of teachers, curators, academic groups of teacher education to work with students orphans. It provides the analysis of the number of employees in technical colleges of the Siberian region of the teaching staff with technical, classic and teacher education. It introduced in the educational process with the students orphaned technical college developed, sciencebased program “Curator-teacherо for the training of teachers, supervisors involved in managing the process of educating students for the orphans of successful adaptation to the educational environment through the organization of the theory and practice of athletic activities. Keywords: adaptation, curator, program, physical activity, student-orphan | 1858 | |||||
| 5145 | The article focuses on the discussion of the teacher`s position in joint activity which is one of the main conditions of developping the dialogue. In particular, the ability of the subject basis development of participants in the educational process and the willingness of the teacher to the open pedagogical action and ambivalent pattern behavior are considered. In this work we discuss the transformation of educational space and examine the impact of federal state educational standard for professional self-determination of the teacher. Also the relevance of the usage of interactive strategy (both the content and form of training) in the new educational conditions is proved. Keywords: dialogue, joint activity, pedagogical conditions, design position | 1858 | |||||
| 5146 | The article is devoted to the analysis of the experience of the cultural project “Preservation of architectural gene pool of Siberia: Tomsk directory of platbands (Tatarskaya Sloboda)” in September-November of 2015. The article reflects the following aspects of project activities: organizational, teamwork, research, as well as testing of full-scale survey method of 223 wooden architectural objects. The results of the project were the following: creation of Internet presentations of Tatar settlement platbands as the primary database for further research, assessment of natural wood preservation, scientific publications on conservation of wooden architecture in Tomsk. However, was revealed the quantitative and species diversity of Tatar settlement platbands, their spatial distribution. Highlights the richest with unique architraves streets as a promising route area for education of patriotism and urban tourism development. The implementation of such projects is not only social and cultural sphere of socialization of youth, but also a necessary condition for their professionalisation. Keywords: social and cultural project, heritage preservation, wooden architecture, decor, platbands, education of city patriotism | 1858 | |||||
| 5147 | Introduction. The article deals with the vocabulary of the modern journalistic text. The basis for the study are the German-language newspaper articles, which relate to the thematic category “politics”, the content of which reflects the changes in the political life of the country. The method of continuous sampling was the selection of appropriate lexical units from the data sources. The scientific novelty of the research consists in understanding the processes occurring in the word formation of the modern German language. Material and methods. Newspaper lexemes are the object of study. The goal-setting criterion in the work is the word-formation analysis of language material. In this regard, the most productive in modern German language turned out to be such methods of word-formation as word composition and word production. The revealed structural types of composites, a detailed description of their composition occupy a significant place in the work. The frequency components of such vocabulary in modern newspaper political texts are anglicisms. Internal bonding mechanisms influence the formation of the complex structure of composite units. In addition, the authors made an attempt to more or less generalize the semantics of the words that form the composites. The word-formation characteristic of the political newspaper lexicon takes into account the part of speech of the lexical units inherent in some grammatical features. The subject of research in the work, along with complex words, are also derived lexemes. Among them, derivative nouns as well as verbs predominate. Affixes, most of which are suffixes, are frequency ones. The methodological component of this study includes as the main method of component analysis, the method of wordformation models, descriptions. In summing up the results of the study, a quantitative method was used. Conclusion. The results of the study show the dominant position of the compound words revealed in the Germanlanguage political newspaper vocabulary. Borrowings from English are productive. Presented in General, the scientific justification can be used in the course of lexicology of the German language. The data obtained as a result of the study can be used in the preparation of analyses and reviews of trends in the development of modern German word formation. In conclusion, the prospects for further development of issues related to the word-formation specifics of the German-language journalistic vocabulary are outlined. Keywords: German-language newspaper lexemes, compounding, Englishisms, derivative words, structure, semantics | 1858 | |||||
| 5148 | Milevskiy O.A. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1997. Issue 3 (3). P. 37-44 . | 1857 | |||||
| 5149 | Ugdyzhekova O.V. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2000. Issue 6 (22). P. 25-28 . | 1857 | |||||
| 5150 | An this article evolution stages of scientific social investigations display and their specific traits open. Author analyses the premises of change of scientific sociological paradigm and give special attention to investigation new tendency, exactly to realization of idea of complexes in Western-European variants of scientific sociology. | 1857 | |||||