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# | Article | Downloads | |||||
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2051 | - | 1101 | |||||
2052 | The grounds of system research of innovations in high school are presented; its characteristic features and principles of analysis are shown. The elements of system analyses of innovations in high educational system are shown. They include systematic-component, systematic-structural, systematic-functional approaches. Keywords: . | 1101 | |||||
2053 | Were measured spec1f1c methane fluxes that are representative for some peatland landscapes of Western S1beria forest-steppe. Spec1fic methane fluxes of forest-steppe eutroph1c m1res are very close to the same fluxes 1n subta1ga. Probability d1stribution of specific methane flux has following parameters: 1st quart1le/med1an/3rd quartile = 0.53/1.99/ 6.03 mgС GH4-m 2-h 1. Methane fluxes from bog lakes are close too, as in subta1ga they are estimated at tens and first hundreds of mgС GH4-m 2-h 1. Probability d1stribution of specific methane flux in riam: 0.00 / 0.09 / 0.21 mgС GH4-m 2-h 1. Annual methane em1ss1on from Western S1ber1a forest-steppe (estimated on the model Bc5) 1s 0.36 MtСH4/year that form 5 % reg1onal em1ss1on. Keywords: methane emission, peatlands, Western Siberia, forest-steppe | 1101 | |||||
2054 | The article is devoted to the consideration of changes in class structure of Tomsk students at the beginning of XX century. The author analyzes a class belonging of the students of Tomsk university, Tomsk Technological Institute and Siberian high woman's courses. At the article is made the conclusion that the class structure of Tomsk students was constant democratization Keywords: students, class structure, higher education, democratization | 1101 | |||||
2055 | The Feuilleton as the small art-publicistic form, characteristic of periodicals and different for topical character of subjects, satirical focusing or humour, was extremely claimed in 1920s in the newspaper «Gudok». The journalism acted as a transitive step, «the border zone» separating (and connecting) journalism and fiction. In this journalistic genre the particular interest is given to the subject of reflection. Keywords: journalism, the feuilleton, a subject, event, process, a situation, the person | 1101 | |||||
2056 | This article presents the authors’ conception of teacher-researcher’s training on the bases of competence approach. Some conditions for organization of studying process are suggested. The directions of realization of conception are defined. Keywords: competence approach, professionalism, innovation activities, scientific thinking, the laboratory of innovation pedagogic. | 1101 | |||||
2057 | The main idea of younger generation education in Russia is the creation of common educational space on the basis of modernization of approaches, priorities and modern educational and psychological techniques. Special attention is given to spiritual and moral upbringing which has to integrate all the educational process: academic, non-academic and development works. Joint project venture of teachers and pupils of village schools is the most actual form of modern education in which parties of educational process are given an opportunity for the most complete selfactualization. Keywords: upbringing, educational process, academic, non-academic, development works | 1101 | |||||
2058 | The specific nomination tendencies peculiar to professional-slangy component of medicine language are considered in this article on the base of the conceptual sphere “sick man/patient”. Linguistic facts connected with the enrichment of nomination fund and with the occasional character of nomination processes in the non-codified modification of medicine language are revealed. Keywords: medicine language, non-codified modification of medicine language, professional-slangy vocabulary and phraseology, nomination processes | 1101 | |||||
2059 | This article considers the students’ creative potential of future teachers of primary school in the process of projects activity of decorative and applied arts (in terms art ceramics). As art students, as for students at the primary school clay makes a creative material and developing creative potential. One of the main conditions successful task solutions of the students’ creative potential development is active participation in projects activity that helps future teachers to gain self-actualization. Keywords: developing creative potential, art ceramics, future teachers of primary school, decorative and applied arts, projects | 1101 | |||||
2060 | The typological signs of an image of the fool in V. Voinovich’s prose in comparison with the image of fairy tale Ivan-fool and as special type of Russian national character in the article are considered. Keywords: V. Voinovich, fairy tale Ivan-fool, typology of a fool’s image, Ivan Chonkin, absurd, conflict, satirical novel | 1101 | |||||
2061 | In the article deals with the features of the structure of extracurricular activities at the university and also the main directions, content, functions, types, forms and methods of extracurricular activities. Keywords: extracurricular activities, objectives, content, function, forms of extracurricular activities in university | 1101 | |||||
2062 | Possibilities of the psychological help to the patients with neurotic disorders, associated with disturbed system of relations, are considered in the article. The program of psychological help to patients with neurotic disorders consists of psychodiagnostic, information, motivational, psychocorrective blocks. Basic principles of psychological help to patients with neurotic disorders are as follows: complexity of influence on various areas of integral personality; individuation of every case; differential approach to dependence on diagnosis of neurotic disorder and accompanying pathogenic and exogenous-organic factors. Keywords: neurotic disorders, system of relations, neurotic conflict, psychological help, psychodiagnostics, psychocorrection, psychotherapy | 1101 | |||||
2063 | The article raises the issues of contemporary anthropology in the view of perspectives of Christian idea about a man as an image of God. These are the problems of correlation of natural unconsciousness and conscious comprehension in a human creature. And as a part, this is a question of the base of the mutual influence, the problems of a plurality and contradictions of modalities of consciousness. We put forward the question about possibilities of Christian discourse on a human nature and his capacities in the aspect of the perspectives in contemporary anthropology. In the issue the versions and the arguments of understanding the nature of a man as an image of God are analyses in a key of Christian doctrines. We propose as a methodological approach the idea about some modus, some planes of unified structure and nature of human consciousness. In these planes it performs as an Image and a reflection of the World (in the form of reason), an Image and comprehension of God (in the modus of existential self-renewal and mystic transgression), and an Image and a reception of a event and process of world-creation (in the modus of aesthetic perception and poetic creation) synchronically. Theoretical perspectives and implications of this approach are estimated both for philosophical anthropology, and for theological exegesis on conflict of primordial man, fallen man and salvaged man. Keywords: anthropology, theology, root cause, consciousness, sense-creation, self-assertiveness, self-renewal, self- replenishment | 1101 | |||||
2064 | On the basis of archival materials, memoirs of the contemporaries the history of the foundation and existence of Russian and turk-tatar pedagogical technical school 20-s-50-s is considered. | 1100 | |||||
2065 | The traditional process of improvement of improve¬ment of qualifications is usually marked by the usage of informative technologies, but it doesn't satisfy the cultural-educational need of the society, school and teacher himself. Simultaneously their takes place the reformation of the educational system accordingly to values of the Open so¬ciety. In this article the subject of alternative problem-project model of the qualifications improvement system «A teacher of the Open education» will be considered. | 1100 | |||||
2066 | The paper is investigating the natural scientific basis of A. P Chechov's creative work assuming that basis as a source of the synergetical comprehension of the place of Man in the world, which view is flourishing at present. This approach substantiates the fundamental peculiarities of Chechov's creative work and its present actuality. | 1100 | |||||
2067 | The author suggests studying English in primary school with the use of the textbook «English Intensive Course For Children and Their Parents by A.A. Vostrikov. E.N. Dudina, and I.A. Itsenko. The main ideas of this technology are: - exposing of the didactic difficulties; - organization of training exercises for development of special abilities (such as communicative abilities, imagination, different types of memory, etc. ); - organization of transitional exercises from development of special abilities to realization of studying activity in intensive conditions; - using of training exercises during the whole course; - using productive methods of teaching. Some tables presenting students' results of the tests taken are included n the article. They illustrate the improvement of the students' results. This technology can be used in teaching German as well as other school subjects. | 1100 | |||||
2068 | The article offers main results on research of alexytimya researching results in a personal structure of somatically and psychically healthy people. Alexytimya development was analyzed as a stable psychical characteristic of a person. Prolonged character of the investigation permitted to clear up some significant factors of development of alexytimic behavior and its reciprocity with other psychological characteristics. | 1100 | |||||
2069 | In the article the analysis of the modern theory of knowledge is realized, it’s developmental trends indicated as “epistemic revolution” which directed to change the classical, science oriented theory of knowledge into socially-human synthetic view of gnoseological problems are lighted. The trends of historization, sociologization and axiologization of gnoseology marked as the main one’s in forming of the modern non-classical theory of knowledge and considered as the common strategy showed as the most shaped one in the intersubjects research “case-study” strategy. In the article it is showed that different versions of the interpretative paradigm, which develops in the frame of constructionist’s epistemic program, are considered as “theoretical background” of the researches made by means of the “case-study” method. | 1100 | |||||
2070 | The results of airpollution monitoring in towns of Republik of Khakasia demonstrate that the average annual concentration of benzapilene increased by 14,6 % in Abakan, 51% in Sayanogorsk and 24 % in Chernogorsk in 2002. 47,7 % of emissions fall to mototransport’s lot. The analysis of snow and soil by the method of gas chromatography and chromatography – mass spectrometry in the zones of blowout dispersion by the heat and power plant of «Khakasenergo» proved that the content of benzapilene in the blanket of snow is 4·10-5 mg /dm3, in the soil is 0,0010 mg /kg. The usage of different methods of atmospheric emission purification and technology of complete combustion of fuel contribute to the solution of enviromental problems. Per 2003–2004 years the analysis of a snow cover and ground on pollution BP in various areas of city Abakan is carried out in view of sources of pollution | 1100 | |||||
2071 | The information synergetic approach reveals the bases for determining limits of communicative area and for constructing the general communicative model. It permits to distinguish methodological principles for investigations in non-linear dynamics of communicative processes. All the researches are supported by grant RFBR №04-06-80192 “Methodology modeling the non-linear dynamics of education system”. | 1100 | |||||
2072 | The article contents the biography of Valery Nikolaevich Sagatovsky – who is one of the founders of Tomsk philosophic school. The analysis of his philosophic ideas and their significance for human world understanding is also given in the item. | 1100 | |||||
2073 | The article considers the urgent problems of raising the elementary vocational raining in the conditions of its modernization. Theoretical and practical premises of creation a system of ruling the EVT quality have been analysed in connection with the social requirements to train competitive workers. The integral conception of ruling the EVT guality on the basis of integrative – active approach has been worked out and the effective conditions off approdftion the pedagogical system of Khakassiya have been shown. | 1100 | |||||
2074 | The motives of activity are generated by the available requirements, thus new requirements arise under the influence of the developed structure of motives, having generated, these new requirements induce new informative motivation. Keywords: a motivational direction, memory, thinking, motivation, informative motives, social motives, positive motivation, an estimation | 1100 | |||||
2075 | On the basis of the analysis of the literature the author of the article draws a conclusion about the basic tasks of economic education of the students of technical high schools, about meaning of the creative approach in studying economy. The special attention in the article is given to the organization of independent job of the students, in particular, to problem methods of training, modeling of concrete situations, drawing up of the tasks of different levels of complexity, and also with use of the structural-logic circuits promoting to the effective development of professional and economic abilities, intelligence as a whole, necessary for the appropriate professional activity. Keywords: economic education, economic thinking, independent job, concrete situation, problem method | 1100 | |||||
2076 | The article is devoted to business education at high school. The aim of business education is to develop pupils' business culture through advertising projection. The facultative practical work «Bases of advertising activity», first, helps to pupils irrespective of the future speciality to develop business abilities. Secondly, to fix business values. Thirdly, to master the conceptual device on bases of advertising activity, to get basic knowledge, skills necessary for orientation and existence in the modern market world, to create bases for further study of economic disciplines in Universities. In a result to generate business culture. Keywords: business culture, advertising projection, advertising, facultative practical work, business, pupils of high school, pedagogics | 1100 | |||||
2077 | The article covers the problem of development of philosophy of Russian education and the role of Leo N. Tolsloy, great Russian writer and philosopher, in this process. Under his influence a new religious and philosophic trend appeared at the turn of the 19th and the 20th centuries. According to this trend, spiritual formation of personality could be achieved without religion and moral values are consciousness and conscience. The writer differentiated the terms «upbringing», «education», «learning», «teaching». He determined to each of them certain position in the life of a person. The initial positions of educational philosophy of L. N. Tolstoy, called «free pedagogics», were intellect, labor, freedom of spiritual search of one’s own way of life. Keywords: education, upbringing, free pedagogics, educational philosophy | 1100 | |||||
2078 | In article deals with the place of Tomsk State Pedagogical University in the system of pedagogical education of Russia, it compares its performance with that of other leading universities in the country. Keywords: ranking of universities, the system of teacher education, scientific schools, innovation in education | 1100 | |||||
2079 | The following article is devoted to the problem of interaction of pedagogical higher education institution, which is actual in the context of new educational standards. Practical realization of this interaction through elective courses for optional classes, seminar programs and extension courses for teachers, is shown in this article. Keywords: integration in education, interaction of pedagogical institutions of higher education and other educational establishments, improving teachers’ qualification | 1100 | |||||
2080 | We have determined the place of discursive foreign language competence in the structure of communicative foreign language competence. As well, we have listed the approaches which are the basis to develop communicative foreign language competence and discursive foreign language competence, in particular, along with the English language instruction. We defined the term “communicative foreign language competence”, described the components of discursive foreign language competence structure and gave definition to the term “discursive foreign language competence”. Keywords: competence approach, communicative competence, discursive foreign language competence: component, structure, definition | 1100 | |||||
2081 | The article presents some general results of theoretical study of the accompaniment examined in the pedagogical aspect. The author analyzes the main points of view of researchers engaged in the study process accompaniment. The article presents characteristics of accompaniment in domestic and foreign educational process and reflects the characteristic pedagogical accompaniment of students. The author has made an attempt to reveal the conditions that reflect the essence of the process of pedagogical accompaniment. Defines the general and particular characteristics of the process of accompaniment with psychological and pedagogical content. Reveals contradictions in the professional pedagogical science in the problem of pedagogical accompaniment to the preparation of students for family and marriage relations, that meet the requirements of practical pedagogy and its contemporary types of development that reflects student-centered approach and which takes into account personal values and the unique individuality of each student. Keywords: pedagogical accompaniment, preparation of students, marriage and family relations | 1100 | |||||
2082 | The article considers the symbolic nature of the Russian dance. Implicit information in the vocabulary and figures of Russian dance allows us to consider it as a complex symbolic system and a method of storing information in which encrypted peculiarities of everyday life of the Russian people, the methods of formation of aesthetic, moral and communication skills. Russian folk dance has a long history of development and even in pagan times, was an integral part of many ritual and ceremonial activities, which are reflected especially in labor, life and religious beliefs. With the help of dance people pass on their accumulated experience of life to future generations. Describes how the climatic features of the regions of Russia influenced the formation of the diversity of Russian dance. Semiotic analysis of the basic elements of Russian dance found in it an informative component, encoded in drawings and dance vocabulary. Therefore, further study and reconstruction of the samples of Russian folk dance, which can be called an encyclopedia of people’s lives and the means of education, is a need to review the basic elements of Russian dance from the perspective of semiotics. Reflected in the dance, the specifics of thinking and mentality of the Russian people, the relationship of drawing and dance composition with its arts and crafts, ornaments suit, festive and everyday rituals makes this trend in research not only interesting, but also relevant. Keywords: semiotic analysis of the dance, vocabulary of dance, Russian folk dance | 1100 | |||||
2083 | The article presents the analysis of economic reforms and the development of market relations in the Far East and Zabaykalye during the second half of the 90-s of the XX century. The general trends of the social and economic development of these regions are determined. | 1099 | |||||
2084 | The article suggests the results of comparative analysis of modern means of programming (programming languages, SCDB, CASE means). The expert estimation of these means opportunities and speed of their development is given. The characteristic features of adaptive training in the field of programming are enumerated. The principles of creation of corresponding methodical provision are formulated: system types, classification on specialization of software and levels of their studying, self-sufficiency (a case provision), development, modality. | 1099 | |||||
2085 | The paper suggests an etymological analysis of the proper names of heroes – characters of “heroes’ songs”, and mythological and folklore images. As it was found out the nominative units origin from stems meaning “magic, sorcery”, “witchcraft”, “fortunetelling”. The names, in their turn, form a semantic base for verbs meaning “beat”, “knock, whack”, “crush”, “twist, screw”, “roll”, i.e. – verbs denoting heavy physical impact onto the subject. The harder the applied effort is, the more malicious is the mythic character. The analysis of names of mythic ancestors, good and wicked spirits, sorcerers, magicians and wizards showed that they are widely represented in the system of nomination and in the system of word building of the Selkup language. | 1099 | |||||
2086 | The article is devoted to the problem of training highly qualified teachers. The author proves that as any other subject foreign language can be valuable in training teachers of new generation with high level of culture. | 1099 | |||||
2087 | The article presents attempt of culturological consideration of irony. This approach allows to open as transhistorical grounds of irony’s existence in culture, so and concrete senses of irony in texts of the different cultures. The author comes to conclusion that critical possibilities of irony are motivated in contradictoriness and incurable paradoxicality of the culture’s being. | 1099 | |||||
2088 | In the article I.I. Tyurina touches upon the existential world perception of A, Akhmatova in 1940s-1960s, which is revealed in her lyrical cycles «Northern Elegies* and «Midnight Poems». | 1099 | |||||
2089 | The article points to method of comparative layerwise analysis of fiction concept with a glance of textual associates and generated associative directions by example of chaos concept in poetic discourses of M. I. Tsvetayeva, M. A. Voloshin and O. E. Mandelshtam. The main consideration is referred to the comparative analysis of the content, structure and means of representation of chaos concept in poets’ works. Keywords: fiction concept, comparative layerwise analysis of concept, textual associate, associative directions, idiostyle | 1099 | |||||
2090 | The author shows the model for the development of didactic pedagogical conditions necessary to identify the activation of cognitive self-employment, contributing to an effective mathematical preparation of students. The model includes a didactic system SES, objectives and learning outcomes, teaching materials, teacher, student, teacher conditions of three hierarchically subordinated levels: 1 – methodological, 2 – methodical, 3 – content-organizational and motivational and volitional. Keywords: model, the technology of instruction, didactic system | 1099 | |||||
2091 | One of the most important tools of pedagogical action is a facial expression of the teacher. There are many recommendations “a facial expressions of the teacher-high-class”, which based on the life experiences of the great educators and psychologists. The discussed method provides an opportunity for each teacher with based on the collective thinking a student’s to individualize facial expressions the teachers, to eliminate its average level. The purpose of method is a positive perception by student’s activities teaching to raise interest in the learning process. Keywords: methods teachers, a facial expression of the teacher, the collective thinking a student’s | 1099 | |||||
2092 | The article covers the poetics of female images in the novel “Godwi” by Clemens Brentano and the different tragic fates of the characters. Anthropocentrism and the representation of the inner world of characters are also important for the novel. The characters of lady Hodefield, countess von G. and Violetta presented in the novel show type of the free, “new” woman, but in different variations. The image of Violetta who has been for Godvi some kind of unattainable “blue flower” is the closest to the author. Keywords: romanticism, C. Brentano, Godwi, female images | 1099 | |||||
2093 | The article deals with the scientific pedagogy establishment and development since medieval Europe times up to present. The state of the higher education system in the future professional training is clarified. Keywords: education, pedagogy, schooling, high school | 1099 | |||||
2094 | The article discloses the concept and design techniques in the sphere of life safety during the period of preschool childhood. The algorithm of educational designing in the sphere of life safety among preschoolers includes the formation of educational aims in the sphere of life safety; modeling; construction of education in the sphere of life safety among preschoolers and identification of the technology in formation the culture of life safety among preschoolers. Designing educational environment life safety should ensure the interaction of the system, cultural, personal, action-reflexive approaches. Keywords: pedagogical designing, education in the sphere of life safety, design techniques of education during the period of preschool childhood, methods of approaching the educational designing in the sphere of life safety | 1099 | |||||
2095 | The article is devoted to the methods of teaching students the basic often applied algorithms of solving computer problems. The main feature of this methodology is the consistent study of the basic algorithms (sorting and search, information theory and cryptography, recursive algorithms and graph algorithms) implying the use of any programming language and further implementation of the studied algorithms in practice. This course includes laboratory practical tasks. These tasks have the increasing difficulty. At the beginning of the course a simple task demands from the student filling of admissions. More difficult tasks assume independent development and debugging of computer programs. Keywords: methods of teaching, algorithmic thinking, algorithms and data structures, sort and search, recursive algorithms and graph algorithms | 1099 | |||||
2096 | The paper is dedicated to the problem of organization project and research activities in kindergarten in the context of realizing The Federal Educational Standard for Preschool Education. The goal of this research is to analyze differ ences between these activities and highlight their educational resources. The examples of incorrect organization of project and research activities in kindergarten are given. The author analyzes two articles from the magazine “Kindergarten: theory and practice” and proves that kindergarten teachers and parents often formalize children’s activities, perform the most part of the work themselves, restricting the cognitive activity of a child. The author offers a number of recommendations for preschool children’s parents about what can and can not be done at home in joint projects. Lack of understanding by teachers of the differences between project and research leads to inadequate choice of tools and methods and in addition to decreasing of educational resources in cognitive and practical activities. It is important to take into account that the project activity is an integrative activity, in which the playful, artistic, communicative and practical activities are connected. Finally, the author clarifies the thesis of teacher (parent)-child and child-child collaboration as the basic of project and research activities in the modern kindergarten. Keywords: joint activity, cognitive activity, educational resources, project, research | 1099 | |||||
2097 | The article presents the experience of comparative analysis of phraseological units in the Russian and Chinese languages with the somatic component of the “tooth”. The research analyzed the position of the classic and modern linguistic studies, actualizing the cultural semantization of phraseological units. Analytically described the semantic nests of the collected fund of phraseological units with somatism “tooth” in the Chinese and Russian languages. Carried out a comparison of the shared and unique values of phraseological units. In the Chinese language there are idioms connected with speech activity, with the appearance and facial expressions of a person, reflecting the relationship between people, with a person describing the action of speaking, as well as the unique meanings associated with a book, an article, with durability. The following meanings are established in the Russian language: strength, food, experience, reflection of the person’s negative emotions (resentment, wrath, anger, hatred), the symbolic expression of aggression. It is found that somatism “tooth” in Chinese and Russian phraseological units symbolically replaces the individual elements of the surrounding reality, conditioned by the history of peoples, their religions, customs and traditions, the natural conditions and value systems of the people, and therefore can not be considered identically, which must be taken into account in the process of mastering the language, and in the process of translation. Keywords: phraseological units, somatism, semantization, comparative analysis | 1099 | |||||
2098 | Advertising text in English is considered at the intersection of two paradigms: linguistics and cultural studies. The relevance of the article is due to the ability of the advertising text to broadcast not only information about the product or service (price, parameters, benefits), but also about the way of British life and culture, and therefore it can be used in the process of learning language at the university. For example, the focus of our attention was on advertising texts from the magazine “The People’s Friend” – a magazine which is mainly intended for older women and is broadly traditionalist in outlook. Reading advertising texts contributes to the development of the skills of English language learners to decode, correctly interpret the hidden cultural codes in the text, to formulate their attitude to the information contained in the text and adequately use the acquired knowledge in speech. Analysis of several advertising texts revealed the attitude of the British to aging, wills, charity, burial: 1) elderly people’s life should be comfortable with help of the advertised devices (Stairlift, Easy-Air Bath Lift, safety seat); 2) it’s common to make a will and donate to a charity (leave a gift in your will, including World Cancer Research Fund in your Will, Please remember Battersea Dogs and Cats in your Will); 3) it’s common to take care of one’s burial (to plan your funeral, to pay your funeral, in advance); 4) people may be cremated after their death; some people may wear a locket with ashes typically after a funeral ceremony in memory of their loved ones (The locket opens to reveal a vial that can contain ashes as a memorial). Keywords: text, advertising, commercial, cultural linguistics, cultural and linguistic component of the text, stereotype, tradition | 1099 | |||||
2099 | Diagnostics and forecasting of the optimum personality of a manager are problems that has not been solved by management psychology until now. The article presents results of the investigations of social and psychological characteristics and models of behaviour of managers, currently performing their duties, and the comparative analysis of the obtained data and the resuits of foreign research. The conducted analysis has shown that the social and psychological potential of managers in Russia does not always conform to the modern situation with its needs. The problem of personnel planning with the accent on creating a reserve of managers, developing and applying improved methods of assessment of their activity, appears most urgent today. | 1098 | |||||
2100 | On the example of cultivation of sprout cabbage of a kind «Nadezhda» in the summer period influencing of meteorological conditions 1999-2003 years to productivity of correction light films for protection closed soil is investigated. With usage of techniques of biological testing of films is rotined, that challenging influencing to growth and development of plants («polysvetany» effect) correction light films render only at enough favorable temperature and light meteorological conditions, giving considerable effects of increase of biomass of spout and economic productivity of horse radish. At a decrease of mean temperatures on 5-7 °C or increase of temperatures on 8-10 °C from optimum for cultivation of plants and long-term period of dense cloud cover during realization of experiment in conditions of closed soil without an auxiliary illumination and heating «polysvetany» effect is not watched. Reproduction of effect in region of risky agriculture (Tomsk) in the indicated term is reached 40% in most unfavorable for an agriculture spring period and 75 % in the summer period | 1098 |