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| 3851 | Prozumentov L.M. . Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2000. Issue 1 (17). P. 3-6 | 1819 | |||||
| 3852 | Nayborodenko L.M. . Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2000. Issue 1 (17). P. 36-38 | 1819 | |||||
| 3853 | The article shows that to conceptual modeling in social philosophy, philosophy of culture immanently peculiar to proceed from «the human nature» as the system of basic principles and to consider all the fulfillment of the person as actualizations, embodiment of the human nature. The article points out basic stages of understanding of the concept «human nature». | 1819 | |||||
| 3854 | The article considers the necessity of economic education for school children, its main directions, struc¬ture and ways of improvement. | 1819 | |||||
| 3855 | The article discloses technology of formation the mental and sensitive methods of informational mentality in the first and second school grades. The methodology of this process, the main aims and problems on various stages of teaching/learning process are considered. The author presents the results of verification of the conception in question and methods of its realization at the primary school level, at the lessons of the Russian language. | 1819 | |||||
| 3856 | The paper treats the problem of necessity of development of such a property of mental operations, as systematization and its influence over the quality of math teaching on the example of the theme «Integers». Characteristics of the property of systematization as well as the types of the tasks favoring the development of systematization are suggested here. We present the results of the experiment of teaching mathematics on the basis of our special system of tasks. | 1819 | |||||
| 3857 | The article deals with the different types of communicative conditionality of word-formation processes: the correlation of word-formation with the formal aspects of textual structure and the conceptual development of national discourse. | 1819 | |||||
| 3858 | The article covers the theoretical basis of the models of the artistic space and analysis of the meaning and principles of the space construction in women's prose of the 19th century (based on A. Panayeva's literary works). | 1819 | |||||
| 3859 | The article demonstrates application of relative analysis by example of solving a problem about the origin of antique personality. There are three aspects to be examined in connection with the antique culture – the essential role of society and communities, forming the antique personality and appearance of thinking (philosophy and science). These elements conditioned new power structures, appearance of law and state. The actualized method assumes concerted and conditional analysis of different aspects of “the distributed unity” that explains the origin of forming the antique personality, law and culture. These aspects of the distributed unity were antique culture background, society, communities, semeiosis, new social practice and vision, social institutes, personality, thinking and some other factors Keywords: method of relative analysis, problem of antique person origin, antique culture, antique law, culture. | 1819 | |||||
| 3860 | Informational society has got new educational requirements to the quality of the taught. These requirements could be met via modern methodological-teaching complexes on the base of multimedia technologies, which could help to increase the speed of perception, and full understanding of the large data array in foreign languages. Keywords: multimedia, methodological-teaching complex, foreign language, teaching, information | 1819 | |||||
| 3861 | The article substantiates the elements of the author's methods of teaching art in the ungraded schools to meet the requirements of the draft standards of the second generation Keywords: universal education activities, methods of teaching Fine Arts | 1819 | |||||
| 3862 | The article considers following steps which improve the level of fluency of doctoral students in foreign languages organization of electronic archives of translations of foreign scholarly publications (made by the students) and compulsory publication of the scientific results obtained by the students in foreign journals. Keywords: teaching foreign languages, publication in foreign scholarly journals, electronic archive | 1819 | |||||
| 3863 | The article, upon example of such conceptual dominants of the modern media discourse as crisis, glamour, oil, analyzes the role of verbal and cultural prototypes in the stylistic and discursive formation and development of media concepts. It is proved that force of world modeling potential of the media concept is caused by power of the information-interpretative impulses, broadcast its verbal and mental prototypes. Keywords: media concept, cultural and verbal prototypes, life cycle, world modeling potential | 1819 | |||||
| 3864 | This article shows the dynamics of the formation of “prenatal psychological entity” within the system of “Mother and Child” at every stage of pregnancy. The features of the formation of “prenatal psychological community” of pregnant women with a different course of pregnancy, marked differences in the stages of the passage of pregnant women with normal physiological course of pregnancy and the threat of interruption. Keywords: “prenatal psychological community”, systemic tumor, co-existentia, “healthy pregnancy” | 1819 | |||||
| 3865 | The paper suggests and proves the leading theoretical foundations for training a social teacher of family profi le, it also justifi es remote network technology of its preparation. Keywords: training teachers of family social profi le, distant education technology | 1819 | |||||
| 3866 | This article is devoted to modern Ufa prose, the analysis of the story of a talented Ufa artist and writer P. Khramov, the originality of the plot, the composition, imaginative system, the system of techniques used by the novelist in his story “Coenobite”. Keywords: Ufa prose, story, hero-narrator, mythologema, principle of contrast, aphoristic, retrospective of the space-time coordinates, gallery of female characters, irony | 1819 | |||||
| 3867 | Media language is a special code that helps to create the world view in the individual and mass consciousness. The usage in the language of mass communication has a strong influence on the “stylistics of the reader”, as well as other functional styles of a language and changes common linguistic skills and aesthetic ideals of speech. Telescopisms as a special kind of abbreviation, are one of the most productive ways of enriching the language of the media, since the use of telescopisms in media texts provides a combination of high expressiveness and information content of presentation. This article highlights the form and function of telescopisms in the modern English media text culture. Keywords: abbreviation, telescopism, media texts, partial and full telescopisms, haplologic telesсopisms | 1819 | |||||
| 3868 | The article examines the feasibility of applying the project method in institutions of the municipal social services, based on the characteristics of the various population groups in need of social services, analyzes the problems of organizational, personnel, methodological and material support of project activities, presents the positive aspects of using the project method in the work of institutions of social service of the population with individuals and families in difficult life situations. Describes the work of the specialists of municipal institutions of social service with children and families to solve their socialization problems, which is carried out through socio-pedagogical support of concerned citizens and providing them with socio-educational services. Presents the definition of municipal social services, which is understood as the network of state and municipal institutions located in the territory of the municipality and are engaged in social service of citizens in accordance with applicable law. Presents characteristics of socialpedagogical activity of the specialists of municipal institutions of social service as one of the main tools of interaction with minors and families in difficult life situations. Specifies the main contradiction of using this tool in practice: elimination of the institute of social pedagogues in institutions of social protection in accordance with applicable legislation on social services for citizens of the Russian Federation, as well as the lack of normative embodied technologies of socio-pedagogical work in the area. Shows the expediency of the use of the method of sociopedagogical design in solving problems of socially vulnerable layers of the population. The main object of this work is the development and implementation of preventive work in the sphere of ill-treatment of children and violations of their rights, all forms of violence against the person, bad habits and socially dangerous diseases and the development of the overall outlook, the organization of leisure and health activities that will lead to a significant increase in the number of professional ideas and public initiatives to improve the activities of municipal institutions of social service to provide social services to the interested persons. Keywords: city social network; municipal social services; project; design; project activities; prevention; sociopedagogical technology; socio-pedagogical design; institutions of social protection of the population | 1819 | |||||
| 3869 | Introduction. The article presents the study of the semantics of perception, which is observed in the process of describing unreality as an object of sensory experience in the works of V. Pelevin. Language units with perceptual semantics having a functional and aesthetic meaning play an important role in the implementation of formal and semantic aspects of the organization of a literary text. The purpose of the article is to study the linguistic features of the representation of the semantics of unreality in the work of V. Pelevin on the basis of the identified structural and semantic models of the statement and linguistic means of expressing the semantics of perception. Material and methods. The research is carried out using the method of linguistic modeling aimed at identifying the main components of the utterance structure and linguistic and stylistic analysis. The material chosen is a postmodern text that reflects the active processes taking place in the language sys-tem in particular V. Pelevin’s novels «Chapaev and the Void» and «Generation “P”» which relate to the mature period of the writer’s work (the 1990s). Results and discussion. In the course of the research, it was revealed that the semantics of perception is implemented at various levels of the organization of a literary text. In addition to the basic model of the situation of perception at the structural-semantic level of the utterance, there are models that make it possible to actualize unreal objects. In such circumstances, these objects become accessible to the sensory perception of characters. Abstract and concrete nouns and pronouns are more often used to replace the position of an object. Adjectives and participles that act as qualifiers describe various char-acteristics of the perceived. At the level of the formal text organization, the representation of the se-mantics of the unreal caused the complexity of the syntactic structure of the work (the use of various types of comparative sentences, complex sentences, adverbial clauses of place and adverbial clauses of time, etc.). At the stylistic level of the text, the semantics of unreality are implemented by stylistic devices and expressive means which include language units with perception meaning. Conclusion. The study allows us to conclude that the representation of unreality semantics in the work of V. Pelevin is closely related to the image of perceptual processes. A special role is assigned to perception objects with unusual qualitative characteristics which become the subject of language actualization at different levels of the literary text. Keywords: unreality, perceptual semantics, linguistic modeling, object of perception | 1819 | |||||
| 3870 | Orlova O.V. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1997. Issue 1 (1). P. 88-89 . | 1818 | |||||
| 3871 | Nazarova O.J. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 3 (12). P. 24-25 . | 1818 | |||||
| 3872 | The article devotes to analysis of the reasons of deep differences between two cultures: West and East. The author points out that the main reason of this fact is in accepting rather different board evidences by people as a root of their life. Western man accepts a possibility of his ratio, intellect as a such base, but Eastern man trust only to super consciousness essens as a base of hole Uni¬verse and his life, which can be achieved (precipitated) by meant of conjunction (in meditation) of individual «I» and Cosmic consciousness. Thus there is a difference in the attitude to life and death, manner of philosophy work, sys¬tems of proving, an in all culture in whole. | 1818 | |||||
| 3873 | In the introductory article of the collection the results of the scientific symposium "Science, education and culture on the boundary of millenniums" and the seminar on problems of the history of education and culture taking place in its frameworks in December, 1999 on the basis of Tomsk State Pedagogical Uni-versity are analyzed. | 1818 | |||||
| 3874 | The problems caused by non-compliance of the national system of education with the modern requirements have become extremely critical at the present stage of reforming the Russian society. The modernization of pedagogical education has become one of the ways of confronting the modern challenges. In the article the characteristics of the modern system of continuing pedagogical education is presented, the peculiarities of social order are formulated as well as requirements for pedagogical personnel. Such scientific foundations of modernization of pedagogical education as principles, patterns, trends of development, organizational and pedagogical conditions of modernization of teacher education are determined. | 1818 | |||||
| 3875 | Were measured spec1f1c methane fluxes that are representative for some peatland landscapes of Western S1beria forest-steppe. Spec1fic methane fluxes of forest-steppe eutroph1c m1res are very close to the same fluxes 1n subta1ga. Probability d1stribution of specific methane flux has following parameters: 1st quart1le/med1an/3rd quartile = 0.53/1.99/ 6.03 mgС GH4-m 2-h 1. Methane fluxes from bog lakes are close too, as in subta1ga they are estimated at tens and first hundreds of mgС GH4-m 2-h 1. Probability d1stribution of specific methane flux in riam: 0.00 / 0.09 / 0.21 mgС GH4-m 2-h 1. Annual methane em1ss1on from Western S1ber1a forest-steppe (estimated on the model Bc5) 1s 0.36 MtСH4/year that form 5 % reg1onal em1ss1on. Keywords: methane emission, peatlands, Western Siberia, forest-steppe | 1818 | |||||
| 3876 | There are different factors not only in the educational system but in the society in whole which influence professional development of future specialists. University has the leading role in this educational process. This development will be more complete if the university’s staff is fully aware of the objectives of professional education, the organization of the educational process, the content of different kinds of students’ activities and the integration of forms and methods of integration of the youth. Keywords: the university’s educational space, education of students, professional development, pedagogical culture, student’s culture, professional test, specific and nonspecific components of student’s educational, personalityprogress direction of education, socie | 1818 | |||||
| 3877 | The article contains general concept and rationale for the importance of school linguistic-cultural Dictionary as an effective methodological tool for the development of language personality of a schoolchild, for the formation of his linguistic-cultural competence. Author proposes a set of guidelines to compose a glossary reflecting current understanding of cultural literacy in high school. Keywords: linguistic-cultural competence, concept, conceptocentrical approach, language world picture, linguistic personality, cultural literacy, words with cultural component of the meaning | 1818 | |||||
| 3878 | The article deals with the problem of teaching of foreign language in modern primary school. The results of the research in the form of questionnaire of teachers in primary schools show some contradictions. Teachers understand that it is necessary to change the process of teaching because the aim of teaching is changed according to the new Standards. On the other hand, they are not ready now to change methods of teaching and organizing forms of educational activity of pupils. Keywords: Federal state educational standards, modern educational technologies, organizing forms of educational activity of pupils, the aim of teaching | 1818 | |||||
| 3879 | Hesychasm emerged in the East and later moved to Kievan and then to Moscow Russia and spread there on the basis of Russian Cosmism. Hesychasm influenced not only Russian Church but culture as well and found its expression in the topics of fairy-tales with their heroes. Keywords: hesychasm, catharsis, synergism, cosmism, monarchism, reclusion, feeble-mindedness | 1818 | |||||
| 3880 | The article deals with the problem of designing the content of mathematical education, which realizes requirements of the federal state educational standard of the general education and promotes control of results of the training directed on formation of universal educational actions. The approach to creation of the special educational tasks promoting formation of universal educational actions of pupils in the 5–6 grades is offered. This system of tasks is used for self-checking, intermediate and total control of formation of universal educational actions. Keywords: universal educational actions, subject and metasubject results of training, levels of formation of universal educational actions | 1818 | |||||
| 3881 | The article deals with the consequences of realization by the employee of the freedom of worship and religion in the course of the labor legal relationship, the consequence of use of estimated categories in the section of specified constitutional freedoms, questions of cancellation of the employment contract on the corresponding basis. Keywords: freedom of worship and religions, freedom of work, dismissal of the worker, employment contract | 1818 | |||||
| 3882 | At studying recreational opportunities of the territory it is expedient to consider local climatic features, relief, hydrographic network, ground, fauna and flora, and also readiness of infrastructure of an area for residing and rest of tourists. Considers opportunities of development of rural tourism. Owing to a southern arrangement of considered territory, the climate is warmer, and fauna and the flora is more various than in other areas of the region. The flat relief simplifies construction of new roads and accompanying infrastructure. Presence of especially protected natural territories promotes development of ecological tourism. Tomsk and Kozhevnikovо areas of Tomsk region are the most southern and densely occupied, with the most developed high system, with a lot of cafes and hotels, welfare and sports objects, for example, temples, museums, stadiums in comparison with other areas of Tomsk region. Hence, these areas have the greatest recreational potential. Keywords: tourism, recreation, nature sanctuary, near settlement cedar forest, ecological track, specially protected natural area | 1818 | |||||
| 3883 | In this article we are talking about linguodidactic and methodical potential of specialized lexicographical sources – dictionaries of slang units. It emphasizes the importance of data dictionaries for a foreign media – secondary language personality, mastering the Russian language as a foreign language. It is emphasized that the introduction of foreigners with dictionaries of jargon and their active use in educational activities, and everyday social and interpersonal communication contribute to effective adaptation of the alien within the Russian linguistic culture, effective development of lexical resources of the modern Russian language. These lexicographical publications are the basis of learning of the Russian youth slang by the foreigners who are actively using them as sources of material collection as the reference books contain extremely valuable information regarding the interpretation of the meaning of words and connotative components of these values. Fixing the unit in slang dictionary suggests mandatory setting of the correct accent, specification of the value, using the contextual features and connotative shades of meaning, which is also largely helps an alien as a secondary language person in his language practice to study Russian as a foreign language. In the course of questionning the informants in the audience of foreign undergraduates from China the author highlighted and justified a number of parameters which determine linguodidactic, didactic and methodological value of this type of dictionaries. Keywords: secondary language personality, Russian as a foreign language, language competence, linguocultural competence, jargon, youth jargon, slang expression, dictionary | 1818 | |||||
| 3884 | . | 1817 | |||||
| 3885 | The article presents the history of financing of Tomsk Teachers' Training Institute and the problem solving experience of the director of the Institute, I.A. Uspensky. | 1817 | |||||
| 3886 | Ramkhe N.N. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2000. Issue 6 (22). P. 3-7 . | 1817 | |||||
| 3887 | The article is devoted to the problem of the linguistic representation of the concept “mood” in the English language. The author chose stylistic means that express two micro-concepts “good mood” and “bad mood”. There is a detailed analysis of stylistic means that directly characterise people’s mood and the way they can represent it in speech. The material gives a wide variety of linguistic means that demonstrate bad mood more frequently than good mood. | 1817 | |||||
| 3888 | The article outlines the range of research works dealing with the education services market. The results of the content analyses of the research works published in the last 15 years is presented through the pedagogical hermeneutics. Keywords: education services, education services market, competitiveness, professional education | 1817 | |||||
| 3889 | The problems of economic encouragement of the professorial and teacher`s staff in the higher school, the necessity of estimation of the labor activity of teachers with using the system of estimated figures are examined in this article. Keywords: economic stimulation of higher school teachers staff, periods of stimulation, motivation of activity, quality of teachers work in high schools, pedagogical competence, result | 1817 | |||||
| 3890 | The article deals with the present problem of professional competence of future specialists. There was defined the conceptual apparatus of the problem, which characterizes the professional competence of the university graduates. It is shown that the competence-based approach requires an increase in the level of language training of future specialists. Special attention is paid to the fact that for the solution of this issue requires the formation of polylingual personality. Keywords: competence, competent specialist, polylingual setting, polylingual education, polylingual personality | 1817 | |||||
| 3891 | The goal of this article is to reveal language formulas in the Khanty folklore on the basis of text analysis, to investigate the theory of formulas’ classification and to apply it to the described Khanty language formulas. The formulas may be considered a speech unit which is repeated in the same text or several different texts. In comparison with the fabulous formulas, the language formulas don’t depend on the folklore genre and can be found in different folklore texts. The investigation of these formulas allows obtaining the view of the language picture of the world and the archaic features of the Khanty mythology and religion preserved to the present. Keywords: Khanty, folklore, fairytale, language formulas | 1817 | |||||
| 3892 | An issue of activity of Krasnoyarsk school of law during the Great Patriotic War is considered on the basis mainly of archive materials. The theme of legal education during the war period did not receive adequate coverage in the scientific literature. The works are basically of review nature and many aspects of the problem remain unexplored. It is shown that the war directly affected the school’s life. The school building was transferred to the military department for flats of military men and classes had to be given in the premises of the hostel. Military and military medical business played a large role in the learning process. As a result the majority of alumni after graduation from the school became prepared military specialists. At the beginning of the war the people’s commissariat of justice of the RSFSR assigned the task for the school to prepare as many graduated lawyers as possible. As a result if in 1942 19 people graduated from the school, then in 1943 – 54 people. Mass enrolment of cadets caused discipline problems. In 1942-43 academic year students missed 4339 hours, 2048 of them are for good reasons. There were 82 tardies for classes. 20 people were subjected to administrative penalties for absenteeism and tardiness. The fight against misconduct was conducted by party and Komsomol organizations of students. Graduates of the school worked both in the territory of the Krasnoyarsk region and beyond, for example in the Primorye Territory, Urals, Ukraine. In 1944 with the revival of legal education in liberated territories capital funds were transferred exactly there. As a result Krasnoyarsk school of law among others was closed. Keywords: Krasnoyarsk Region, the Great Patriotic War, Krasnoyarsk Law School, legal education in the USSR, judicial authorities | 1817 | |||||
| 3893 | 1817 | ||||||
| 3894 | Studying at the higher school requires a certain level of readiness to integrate into university community. Disability to meet the challenges they face may become demotivating factor, impede their progress in academia and lead to subsequent departure. The core idea of the article is promoting well-being-oriented education programme for first-year students’ personal self-change. The study identifies the possible roots of the student’s subjective response to their failure within the academic environment. The article provides a description of the issues relevant to both teachers’ and students’ areas of responsibility, that make influence on the success of integration into academic community. Grounded on a set of subject-field factors, a survey was set for the first-year students of different fields of study (n = 511). This method was aimed to reveal the level of students’ perception of their transition and introduction to academic community. The follow-on purpose was to encourage self-awareness of teachers and students. Analysis of the survey data indicates the venues of instructional practices enhancement, strategies for adjustment issues optimization in terms of personality and cognitive development. A good move to actualize the process of students self-improvement is orientation program geared towards event-directed approach. Empiric evidence can possibly be addressed during new student orientation programme development, facilitate a solution to the problem of impersonality in the educational process in higher school. Keywords: school-to-university transition, induction into academia culture, transition difficulties, selfimprovement, self-awareness, teacher-learner interaction, introductory practice, self-organization game | 1817 | |||||
| 3895 | The article deals with the problem of teaching foreign students of Russian scientific speech as the most important means of educational and professional communication in a Russian university. It points to the specifics of the training of foreign students of Russian scientific speech at the Pedagogical University. Attention is drawn to the problem of teaching Russian scientific speech of foreign students at the stage of pre-university training. The use of the adaptive potential of the method of teaching the scientific style of speech is suggested, the concept of «scientific speech of subject areas of pedagogy and subject methodology» is actualized. It is understood that the creation and use of an educational complex for teaching scientific speech in classes with foreign students of a pedagogical university helps to increase the effectiveness of the educational process. It is proposed to design a textbook on teaching of scientific speech for foreign students of a pedagogical university, the theoretical and practical educational material of which is set out in a modular format, supplemented with a set of workbooks. It is recommended to include the description of the lexical, morphological, syntactic, phonetic, structural and compositional features of modern Russian scientific speech in the educational material of the educational complex, adding practical tasks that fix the theoretical basis of the educational material and imply work in pairs and small groups. The recommended for design training complex for teaching of Russian scientific speech should contain guidance for teachers, basic guide to scientific speech, a set of workbooks, a collection of tests, dictionaries, reference materials, that must meet the current requirements of the educational literature. This training complex provides methodical and motivational support for the learning process and can contribute to improving the effectiveness of teaching. The article is of interest for teachers of Russian as a foreign language, working at preparatory departments of Russian universities, as well as for teachers of pedagogical universities working with foreign students. Keywords: scientific style of speech, Russian scientific speech, adaptive potential, method of teaching the scientific style of speech, educational complex | 1817 | |||||
| 3896 | Today television is the main mass media. It can show a huge audience not only current events, but also recreate the past. Therefore, today television is actively used to create television programs that broadcast historical knowledge. The author of this article examines one of the most conceptual aspect of historical popularization on TV – the conception of fact as a semantic category. The analysis bases on several examples o f television program “Nefact” (“Not a fact”), broadcasted on the Russian television channel “Zvezda”. It is a modern television product, which explores different events and phenomena in the point of view of the concept of fact and factual. In the focus of the article is lexical units “fact” and “not fact”, its semantic and functional meanings, and different ways of using in text structure of the TV-program. At the end of the article the author concludes that this lexical units can denote a reliable piece of information; 2) serve as a marker of doubt; 3) give a starting point to journalistic investigation and determine its structure; 4) serve as confirmation or refutation of information, being used at the conclusion of the investigation; 5) perform a nominative function, defining a specific style of presentation of the material. The author examines communicative potential of the test unit in journalistic materials and its importance in the promotion of knowledge. Keywords: fact, factual, lexical meaning, connotation | 1817 | |||||
| 3897 | Introduction. The paper is devoted to the oligarchy’s description as an axiologically marked phenomenon from the language point of view. The necessity to take into account the perception of oligarchy in other cultures, the analysis of the national peculiarities of the oligarchy representation in the language, the need for the comparative research make the study of the mentioned phenomenon up-to-date. Material and methods. Mass-media texts retrieved from the sub-corpus of the British national corpus (NOW corpus) serve as the material for the analysis. NOW corpus contains newspaper and magazine articles dated 2010-2018. Results and discussion. Collocation analysis of the term oligarchy in the British national corpus is carried out according to the following criteria: types, characteristic features, co-occurrence with other concepts, metaphoric conceptualization of the phenomenon under study. As the result of the analysis it is shown that oligarchy’s representation in the British mass-media discourse is determined by social and discursive peculiarities of a definite linguo-culture. Alongside with the universal features (the connection of oligarchy with a definite sphere of human activity) the English language possesses special terms for denoting this destructive phenomenon in this or that country. In examining the relation between oligarchy and other negative phenomena the latter is viewed not as different from the rest of the destructive things but as synonymous to them (corruption and oligarchy, despotism and oligarchy, imperialism and oligarchy). The metaphoric representation of oligarchy is not constituted by a wide range of features. The theoretical relevance of the research consists in the development of the mass-media discourse and axiological linguistics’ theory through the analysis of the ordinary definition of the term on the basis of newspapers and magazines. The applicability of the study consists in the possibility of using the results of the analysis while studying other axiologically marked phenomena in different cultures and through the prism of different time segments. Conclusion. The paper outlines possible prospects for research, including consideration of the interpretation of the phenomenon of oligarchy on the material of English discourse in the diachronic aspect, which will complement the results and identify those aspects of the presentation of the analyzed phenomenon that are not present in the representation of the oligarchy phenomenon in modern English. Keywords: oligarchy, British national corpus, mass-media discourse, destructive phenomenon, axiologically marked phenomenon | 1817 | |||||
| 3898 | Introduction. The article analyses English translations of Anton Chekhov’s The Steppe (1888), the first major work of the writer’s mature period. The central spatial landmark in the story is the steppe, whose image is of great importance for translation studies in terms of the dialectics between the national and the universal. Aim. The author aims at studying the multiple representations of the steppe in English translations in two interrelated aspects: as a nationally marked geographical space and as a “mood landscape.” Material and methods. Six English translations of The Steppe at the various stages of reception: by Adeline Kaye (1915), Constance Garnett (1919), Ronald Hingley (1980), Alex Miller (1989), Ronald Wilkes (2001), Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky (2004). The author employs a comparative approach for analysing the recurring meaningful elements (motifs) embedded in the image of the steppe (“prostor”, “dal’”, “toska”, “odinochestvo”). Results and discussion. The main spatial feature of the steppe is its infinity expressed through the motifs of “prostor” and “dal’”, which are peculiar for the perception of the steppe by native Russian speakers. The motif of “prostor” is central for Chekov’s interpretation of the steppe. “Prostor” is something that deprives people of reference points and becomes disproportionate to human aspirations. This concept most clearly manifests an indissoluble connection of the steppe infinity with the national mentality. The analysis of its English translations shows two simultaneous tendencies: while in some cases the translators specify universal components of spatial semantics (“space”, “room”), in others they seek to convey the specific properties of the Russian “prostor” through such equivalents as “spaciousness”, “wide (vast) expanse”, and “vastness.” The Russian “dal’” is mainly translated into English as “distance”. However, there is an obvious difference between “distance” and the original “dal’”: the former is more about length and directed motion, while the latter correlates with the latitude of space. The most frequent translation equivalents of “dal’” are the lexemes with the semantics of boundary (“end”, “horizon”, “limits”). The image of the steppe in Chekhov’s story demonstrates a close connection of the landscape with the characters’ state of mind. The steppe acts as a projection of people’s inner world, with its infinite vastness and endless monotony evoking all-encompassing melancholy and loneliness. These feelings become the key motifs in the image of the steppe as a “mood landscape.” Nationally and culturally determined, the motif of “toska” does not have a universal translation, producing a broad range of equivalents that shape new semantic fields for English-speaking readership. The most foregrounded concepts of grief and suffering (“to grieve”/“grief”, “misery”/“miserable”/“miserably”, “anguish” etc.) are followed by those of longing for something (“longing”, “yearning”/“yearn”), i.e. the translations primarily promote universal emotional associations. In Hingley’s translation, however, the original motif acquires a unique rendition, since the translator explicitly links melancholy with death. Similar transformations can be found in translation of the motif of loneliness. The translators mainly choose equivalents to match the emotional colouring of the original (“lonely”/“loneliness”, “solitary”/“solitariness”, “solitude”). Conclusion. Chekhov’s image of the steppe demonstrates an inextricable link between the Russian national and the writer’s pictures of the world. Since the motifs constructing the image of the steppe are deeply embedded in the national culture, their translatability into other language mentalities is limited. Various equivalents are used to adapt the image of the steppe for other cultural contexts. As a rule, the translators foreground the universal component and reduce the national specificity, adding individual accents in their renditions. At the same time, due to such an obviously inevitable cultural adaptation, the “resonance” principle of constructing the text of the story, implemented by Chekhov through the system of repetitions, was not preserved in the considered translations. Keywords: Anton Chekhov, The Steppe, English-language reception, image of the steppe, comparative analysis, literary translation | 1817 | |||||
| 3899 | Knyazkov A.S. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 3 (12). P. 29-31 . | 1816 | |||||
| 3900 | The paper deals with the problem of teaching the foreign languages in Tomsk in XIX-XX centuries with cultural develop¬ment of Siberia and formation of social consciousness of the local population. Intensive teaching of the foreign languages in the Tomsk province dates back to foundation of the Tomsk University and an increase of secondary general and special edu¬cational institutions. | 1816 | |||||




