| # | Article | Downloads | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5051 | This article shows the system of scientific attestation in classic Universities of Russia in the end of the XIX - the beginning of the XX centuries. So-called institute of «professors' grant-holders» played a great role in the preparation of future teachers. This research work explains an importance of this institute. The author of the article circumstantially dwells upon the questions of preparation and sitting Master's examination, defence of thesis in Imperial Tomsk University and comes to a conclusion that in spite of some deficiency, the preparation system the professor's and teacher's personnel in Universities of the pre-revolutionary Rus¬sia, so as in Imperial Tomsk University, was quite effective. | 1427 | |||||
| 5052 | Problems of humanising of education are of a great importance nowadays. This work examines a knowledge in the process of humanising of education. A roie of philosophical culture in the development of a spiritual world of personality is also noted, and the fact that the philosophical education is included in a socioculturai context | 1427 | |||||
| 5053 | The article reflects the general stages of the development of education in psychology at Tomsk State Pedagogical University. A brief characteristic of the basic scientific trends pursued by psychology departments organized during 90s and the specializations they offer to graduate and postgraduate students is given. The publication is devoted to the 100* anniversary of Tomsk State Pedagogical University, the first pedagogical university in the Asian part of Russia. | 1427 | |||||
| 5054 | The problems of the humanistic component's in¬tensification at the general and professional levels are investigated in the article. The author shows belonging of the deep roots and the problems of the modern so¬ciety to the humanistic sphere. | 1427 | |||||
| 5055 | The methodological bases of technologies for innovative designing (the system approach, a dialectic method of knowledge, the objective law of systems development, TSIT – the theory for solution of inventive tasks, VA – value engineering) are considered in the article. The author presumes that implementation of it within the educational process provides training of the future engineers for creative activity. | 1427 | |||||
| 5056 | The article discusses the state of human capital in Russia at the present stage, revealed the basic concepts and definitions, we investigate the influence of human factors on the Russian economy, and comparative analysis with other developed countries. Keywords: human capital, intellectual potential, investment, economic growth | 1427 | |||||
| 5057 | The article deals with the fragment of Ingeborg Bachmann’s novel “Malina”. This chapter is about dreams of main character. This dreams mirror the thematic direction of the whole text. Special attention is given to musical and sound side of the chapter. The sound occures in the speech characteristics of the main character. The speech, written and oral, is a detector of her freedom. The possibility of speech self-expression helps the woman to withstand the outside pressure. Music also accompanies the narration. It is a tool in the struggle for freedom. Music shows in dances and songs. The article analyzes the stages and manifestation of musicality in the literary work. Possession of music, sound and voice instills confidence in main character. The article deals with different levels of text: lexical, phonological, grammatical, and graphical. The author uses different methods (lexical, phonological, grammatical, and graphical) for creation of sound cover of literary text. In the article we can see the evolution of sound and music in text. Keywords: Ingeborg Bachmann, dreams, musicality, voice, sound, silence | 1427 | |||||
| 5058 | The article considers the problem of improving the quality of teacher training to correctional work with children with disabilities in the cognitive component and the criterion of social intellect. The question of becoming a professional identity is studied in terms of creating a reference model of the expert system as professionally important qualities, abilities, knowledge and skills necessary for successful implementation. One of the main problems is the lack of education and lack of preparedness of specialists, in particular, clinical psychologists and educators. The study revealed that the majority of the ezamined is characterized by an average level of social intellect, and a high level of readiness for the second year of studies reaches a very small number of students. Teachers-psychologists are only half ready to correctional work with children with disabilities according to the criterion of social intelligence, because a cognitive component of psychological readiness corresponds to values of low and intermediate level. Keywords: cognitive component, professional training, social intellect | 1427 | |||||
| 5059 | The term “the national character of the literary creation” is in the base of our research showing how the language material can reflect peculiar features of a certain culture. Language and culture meet each other with the help of a concept. Usually an interpreter translates only a conceptual component, as a rule ignoring an associative-cultural one. In our work we reveal lexemes which reflect national concepts of Little Russia and analyze English translation of them. On the basis of Little Russian songs from the stories “The fair of Sorochinetz” and “A night in May or drowned maiden” we are revealing lexemes which reflect national Little Russian concepts, which are given in the texts of songs as ethnographic and political realia and analyzing a specific character of their translation into English. Keywords: national character, concept, non-equivalent lexicon, realia, denotative meaning, significative meaning, connotation, songs of Little Russia | 1427 | |||||
| 5060 | The article analyses the headlines based on metaphorical allusion to the content of political articles in the modern French Press. The aim of political discourse is to persuade the reader and to rouse him to some action. Allusion is considered to be an indirect speech act implicitly reflecting the gist of information, realized with the help of different linguistic means. The headline of the article contains main information about some event and is presented in the subtitle of newspaper article. In the full text of the article the headline is exposed to detail examination by the author. The headlines are classified in accordance with types of metaphors: “Anthropomorphous metaphor”, “Nature metaphor”, “Social metaphor”, “Artefact metaphor” and “Irreality metaphor” with their conceptual spheres. The metaphors are considered to be a reflection of political life, they give presentation about a character of State functioning and influence will, feelings and mentality of the reader. Keywords: allusion, metaphor, newspaper discourse, indirect speech act, concept, metaphorical expansion | 1427 | |||||
| 5061 | In the context of contemporary vision training focuses on professional orientation of students. It is fixed that without adoption of the needs and interests of society by the individual the choice of profession, taking into account the interest of the society and the individual himself is not possible, as well as the development of personality. Describes the classification of the typology of professions from the point of view of their variability, provides a historical review of the formation of the domestic occupational practice and defines its vector in the system “man – profession”; comments on the classification of the stages of the professional life of E. Ginzberg and D. Superte. Keywords: professional orientation, vocational education, classification of the stages of professional life, typology of professions | 1427 | |||||
| 5062 | Within the new direction of social history, the subject field of which is the study of the social processes that accompanied the global conflicts of the 20th century, forms an objective idea about the attitude of the French-Canadian population on the problem of Canada‘s participation in the collective defense of the British Empire during the First World War. The paper examines the views of various groups of French-Canadian society (provincial government of Quebec, Roman Catholic Church’s representatives, French Canadian nationalists, provincial press of different social and political orientation) on the question of sending French-Canadian battalions to Europe. The chronology of the described events includes the first five months of the First World War (August – December 1914). As a result of the research, it estimates the level of imperial loyalty of the population of Quebec on the question of Canada‘s participation in the imperial wars. It studies the objective and subjective factors of the passivity of voluntary recruitment in Quebec (lack of military experience of the French-Canadian population, insufficient number of provincial police forces, traditionalism of the the rural population, anti-militarism propaganda of French-Canadian pacifists and nationalists, imperial policy of Department of Militia in Federal Government). It determines the role of the social movement for the creation of separate French-Canadian battalions in the process of activating recruitment and sending volunteers to the front. Keywords: First World War, Canada, Quebec, French Canada, volunteers | 1427 | |||||
| 5063 | Kravets I.A. . // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 3 (6). P. 15-18 . | 1426 | |||||
| 5064 | 1426 | ||||||
| 5065 | Molchanova O.T. . // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 4 (13). P. 18-20 . | 1426 | |||||
| 5066 | The article is devoted to the problems of Additional Pedagogical Department’s foundation and development. These departments were a social movement and a powerful resource in upbringing of students all over the country at the beginning of the 60–80-s | 1426 | |||||
| 5067 | The article describes the problem of definition of the maintenance of the process of diversification of formation of the future engineer; the key role of administrative competences comes to light. The example of the maintenance of administrative activity of the civil engineer at the stage of engineering designing is demonstrated. Keywords: diversification, competence, administrative competence, vocational training. | 1426 | |||||
| 5068 | The article deals with the periphery of the functional-semantic field of infancy in the English language. The periphery of the analyzed field consists of the lexical means, verbalizing features, that specify the essential and basic characteristics of babies; dialectisms, archaisms, slang and stylistically coloured means as well as phraseological units. Keywords: categorization, semantic category, functional semantic field, periphery | 1426 | |||||
| 5069 | The article deals with main aspects of analysis of the play “Mandate” by N. Erdman and the performance directed by V. Mejerhold by formal theatrical criticism in the 1920-s. We consider different estimations of the play and the performance. Keywords: formal theatrical criticism, “Mandate”, N. Erdman, V. Mejerhold, formal-content aspect of theatrical criticism | 1426 | |||||
| 5070 | The article contains analysis of the concepts of scientifi c-technical creativity to identify them in the metaphors of biological birth. The author argues that in the concepts of scientifi c-technical creativity elements are borrowed from an archaic understanding of how new biological birth. He attributes these elements as heritability, properties responsible for the creation of the creator, the impact of sociality and the periodicity of the creative process. Keywords: scientifi c-technical creativity, metaphors, the birth process | 1426 | |||||
| 5071 | The article is aimed at examining the issue of sending retired servicemen to Tobolsk eparchy monasteries as well as it concerns conditions of their accommodation there. Besides, there are statistical data about the number of soldiers living in Siberian monasteries. The research shows peculiar features of this fact in Tobolsk eparchy history, analyzed on the basis of archival documents. Moreover, the article reveals the main tendencies and changes caused by political reforming relations between the Russian government and the Russian Orthodox Church. Keywords: Siberia, Tobolsk eparchy, monasteries, retired servicemen, almshouses, Empress Elizabeth, F. Soymonov, Metropolitan Paul (Konyuskevich) | 1426 | |||||
| 5072 | We study a one-dimensional large-N U(N) gauge theory on a circle as a toy model of higher dimensional Yang-Mills theories. We nd a new class of saddle point solutions in this theory. These solutions are characterized by the expectation values of the Polyakov loop operators, which wind the circle different times. We nd two evidences that these solutions appear as intermediate states in certain dynamical processes. One is from a numerical calculation and another is from the dual gravity. The similar solutions exist in a wide class of SU(N) and U(N) gauge theories on S1 including QCD and pure Yang-Mills theories in various dimensions if N >= 3. Keywords: gauge theories, Yang-Mills theory, gravity | 1426 | |||||
| 5073 | The author presents some concrete examples of projects on the problem of the surface material of the electric charges in different ways. The basis is the heterogeneity of distribution of charges arising from the friction electrification of various polymeric materials. There are presented some schemes of practical projects. It can be used in specialized schools in the course of electrodynamics. Keywords: design tasks, electrification by friction, the creation of the charge distribution | 1426 | |||||
| 5074 | The presented results of research specify data on influence of short-term loadings on visual system. According to registration of thresholds of electro sensitivity, electro ability, electro retinogram and the caused potentials it is possible to draw a conclusion that more expressed changes in peripheral and central departments of visual system arise at action short-term physiological hypoxia. Keywords: short-term visual loading, electro retinogram, the visual caused potentials | 1426 | |||||
| 5075 | In the article the author justifies the effectiveness of realization in the educational process of the complex of organizing and pedagogical conditions while training future engineers on the basis of competence approach. It is done on the basis of mathematical statistics. The authors suggest the mentioned complex. Keywords: competence formation, criteria for assessment, levels of skills formation, pedagogical experiment, stages of experiment, results of the experiment | 1426 | |||||
| 5076 | The effectiveness of the implementation of long-term socio-economic development of Russia depends on the quality of human and social capital. A significant role in their formation belongs to educational systems, the development of which should be coordinated with social and economic spheres of society in the form of interaction models that allow predicting its content and technology. The design of such models requires study of the functions of educational systems in the overall development process. This article clarifies the concept of “educational system”, offers a typology of educational systems, and discusses options for the analysis of their functions in this interaction. Keywords: interaction, diffusion of innovations, channels of diffusion of innovations, integration, integrating factors, education, educational system, social mechanisms, social capital typology of educational systems, human capital | 1426 | |||||
| 5077 | The article substantiates the need for a project competence in teacher’s personal resource. It is noted that fixed in the federal state educational standard of higher education requirements for students’ project competencies involve the selection of adequate to the content of these requirements methods of pedagogical work on their formation. The paper reconstructs the experience of developing the project competence of philology students in the process of organizing educational events in the practice of collaboration between tertiary and secondary educational institutions. An empirical model of such interaction, the joint production of innovative developments, has been revealed using humanitarian research methods. Educational precedent gives grounds to say that the position exhibiting the project competence of students, can be formed in the active development of their content through educational events; means of formation of competence – participation in the trial-search activities of different content: educational-project in the framework of the lesson laboratory; design and research within the presentation at the conference. Keywords: project competence, interaction, educational event, joint production | 1426 | |||||
| 5078 | The article discusses the capabilities of the technology “Debate” in the formation of professional competencies of future teachers, substantiates and elaborates the scheme of inclusion of debates in the educational process. Implementation of the proposed scheme is shown by the example of the debate on the topic “The Study of Informatics in primary school: for and against”. At the final stage, the survey was conducted, which allowed to determine the attitude of students to technology “Debates”, the willingness of students to participate in such events and apply this technology in their professional activities. The use of debates allows to prepare a specialist who is able to work with different types of information, navigate the information space, justify his point of view. The above mentioned qualities should be common to modern teachers. Keywords: bachelor, teacher education, professional competence, debates | 1426 | |||||
| 5079 | At the present stage of linguistic research the keen interest of linguists in studying of semantics and functioning of separate language units in the literary text, in particular, of units of lexical-semantic group of verbs of sounding is noted. In this article the lexical-semantic group of verbs of sounding on the material of poetic texts of Robert Rozhdestvensky is considered. On the basis of the vast body of procedural units, containing in this sense “sound”, an attempt is made to reveal the features of the use and functioning of sound verbs in R. Rozhdestvensky’s poetry, since the verbs of this group are the specific markers of the original manner of writing of Robert Rozhdestvensky, his poetic handwriting. Special attention is paid to the description of a semantic class of verbs of sounding, namely group of the verbs designating the sounds of inanimate nature made by inanimate objects and the person defining the place and a role of verbs of this lexico-semantic group in the poetic texts of Robert Rozhdestvensky. The material for the observations were the poetry of Robert Rozhdestvensky, poems of the different years of the poet, collected in a three parts collection of works, including the period of the poet’s creative activity from 1951 till 1985. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that the poetic language of Robert Rozhdestvensky has not yet been the subject of a special study. And the study of the lexical case of verbs of sound semantics will allow to establish the creative originality of Robert Rozhdestvensky, a feature of the manifestation of the language identity of the poet. Keywords: verbs of sounding, lexico-semantic group, semantics, sound vocabulary, procedural units | 1426 | |||||
| 5080 | The article deals with the problem of teaching technical students to professional foreign vocabulary in relation to the joining “Initiative CDIO” which is an innovative educational framework for producing the next generation of engineers and the demand for specialists with the knowledge of a foreign language at work. It defines the difficulties of getting a lexical skill in speaking and problem solving activities. The article discloses psychological basics of learning a word as a complicated mechanism, which includes both visual-hearing-motional structure and semantics. It describes the approaches to teaching professional foreign vocabulary existing today. As a result, it suggests implementing exercises based on a list of words, which proves their effectiveness; it demonstrates the examples by giving a list of words (short phrases) on a particular professional topic and different tasks to motivate and encourage students to learn, practice and use the vocabulary in speaking. Communicative approach in teaching foreign languages presupposes the use of sets of instructions, situational correlation, communicativity, functionality while organizing these exercises. Creation of comfortable educational environment contributes to students’ motivation in the process of professional lexical skill formation and development. It is important to take into consideration learners’ individual peculiarities, interests, likes and needs to achieve better results in teaching professional foreign vocabulary. Keywords: technical students, professional foreign vocabulary, lexical skill, exercise with a list of words, communicativity, individualization, motivation, educational environment | 1426 | |||||
| 5081 | Introduction. The digital platform for the organization of modern broadcasting significantly transforms the principles of information and communication with the addressee. Material and methods. The subject of discussion in this article is the communicative ways of implementing personal radio discourse. Results and discussion. The focus is on the image of the radio host, which is formed at the intersection of the strategies of self-presentation and advertising of the radio site as an information resource. The functional potential of the interaction of communicative strategies is manifested in how the author identifies himself through a set of roles of professional and personal orientation. The specificity of the author’s role realization is examined through the description of the macrotext structure – the sociocultural and genre features of the Internet blog, which serves as a precedent form of broadcasting organization. The social network principle of radio functioning determines the basic parameter of its picture of the world – the individualization of the process of interaction with the addressee, the organization of the psycho-emotional environment of identity formation. Conclusion. The complex of interacting communicative strategies becomes the discursive mechanism that determines the variability of the author’s role-playing behavior – a discursive personality that manifests itself in the process of interactive communication, in the process of forming a discursive picture of the world as a world shared with the addressee, a comfortable psycho-emotional interaction environment. Keywords: personal radio project, communicative strategies of self-presentation and advertising, contextual macrostructure, discursive worldview | 1426 | |||||
| 5082 | The notion of in-equivalent vocabulary stands for culture-specific lexicon units in a source text considered impossible to render into target language without more or less significant losses. Although, there exist a number of translation techniques aimed to facilitate understanding of such words for foreign readers. Each of such techniques can be correlated to two opposite strategies of domestication and foreignization, thus enabling to measure the degree to which translators managed to recreate culture-specific component in translated text. The purpose of the research is to analyze the specific features of in-equivalent lexicon units translation in four English versions of “The Golden Calf” novel by I. Ilf and E. Petrov. The research is based on 320 in-equivalent lexicon units in five text sources: 1) И. Ильф, Е. Петров. «Золотой телёнок» (1931), 2) The Little Golden Calf (transl. Ch. Malamut, 1932), 3) The Complete Adventures of Ostap Bender (transl. J.H.C. Richardson, 1961), 4) The Little Golden Calf (transl. A. Fisher, 2009), 5) The Golden Calf (transl. K. Gurevich, H. Anderson, 2009). The methods applied are general scientific (observation and description) and linguistic (text analysis, comparative analysis). In-equivalent lexicon units in “The Golden Calf” novel, set against the background of intensive formation of new Soviet lexicon, includes several classes such as sovietizms (32% of all in-equivalent units), objects and phenomena of everyday life (18%), words of foreign origin (14%), historical words (12%), phraseological units (10%), jargon and dialect words (10%), folklore words (3%), and nonce-words (1%). The comparative study of translation of the given classes of in-equivalent vocabulary in analysed English versions of “The Golden Calf” reveals the methods preferred by each interpreter. More often the authors used the techniques of description and approximate translation; less popular were the methods of hyponymic translation and calque, with the restribution of meaning as the least favorable method. Matching the techniques of in-equivalent lexical units translation to foreignization and domestication strategies makes it possible to declare that the most foreignized is Ann Fisher’s version while the most domesticated one – the translation by K. Gurevich and H. Anderson. Keywords: in-equivalent lexicon units, “The Golden Calf”, translation techniques, domestication, foreignisation | 1426 | |||||
| 5083 | Vakhitova G.K. . // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 1 (4). P. 53-53 . | 1425 | |||||
| 5084 | The paper gives material about Director of the Tomsk Teacher's Institute Mitrofan Alexeevich Vodyannikov in 1906-1907. He was an honored teacher of the West Siberian educational region, and a leader of teacher's seminary. The basic teaching staff of the Institute has been formed under the guidance of M.A. Vodyannikov as a Director of higher school. | 1425 | |||||
| 5085 | In the article by L.A. Dyrkova the concept of national revival of Russia suggested by A.I. Solzhenitsyn is investigated. In the article, special attention is paid to constructive and real strategy of national development which, according to the writer, will help to lift the country from crisis during the post communistic period. | 1425 | |||||
| 5086 | The article analyzes and determines the conditions and processes which cause specificity of national identification in Russia. The author addresses to the point of view of the western political philosophers on national identity in modern Russia. | 1425 | |||||
| 5087 | The process of economy market model perfection is based on the activation of innovative activity, embodiment of scientifically technical development results in manufacture, creation of new technological processes and reorganization on modern scientifically technical basis of all branches of goods production and sphere of service. During last twenty years the higher school all over the world is in a condition of seraching the adequate answer to “XXI Century questions”. The creation of innovative universities will allow to solve the problem of disbalance between demand for the basic products of universities activity and opportunities of universities | 1425 | |||||
| 5088 | In the article the author attempts to analyze the phenomenon of " deja vu " from phenomenological viewpoint. By means of analysis of relations of dream and vigil the author reveals the clarity of the cognitive composition of " deja vu ". Through explication of the phenomenon the author shows the internal structure of consciousness of time | 1425 | |||||
| 5089 | In this article the component structure of the student's cognitive potential is specified on the basic of the content's analysis of the notion «the person's cognitive potential». Problem solution perspective trained of cognitive potential development is indicated on the basis of activity modular education. Keywords: cognitive potential, generated, general educative abilities, cognitive abilities, cognitive activity, self-education, activity modular education | 1425 | |||||
| 5090 | The article contains descriptive analysis of the monitoring and expert estimation and assessment of the innovation activity in high school. It is necessary for Russian high education to set up adequate control on the innovation process to perfect it. Keywords: innovation activity of institute of high education, pedagogical monitoring, innovations | 1425 | |||||
| 5091 | In article the comparative aspect of development of the graphic and speech activity as sign-symbolical systems at children's age is considered. The comparative analysis of the generation of the sign-symbolical function at the senior preschool children with the general speech underdevelopment and the children with the normal speech development is carried out. The assumption of the use of symbolical possibilities of graphic activity in the correctional purposes for elimination of the general speech underdevelopment is stated. Keywords: graphic and speech activity, sign-symbolical system, isographic modeling, children with the general speech underdevelopment. | 1425 | |||||
| 5092 | The article provides research data revealing students’ attitudes to popular songs in English and reviews some aspects of developing a methodology for enhancing cognitive and communication skills based on this teaching means. Keywords: cognitive skills, communication skills, popular song | 1425 | |||||
| 5093 | The article opens the content of the concept “traditional ecological knowledgeо of the indigenous people that reflects the relation of the person to the nature. The main attention is focused on methodology of their inclusion in a context of ecological education of the higher school. Keywords: national and cultural traditions, traditional ecological knowledge, indigenous people, educational process | 1425 | |||||
| 5094 | In the article, the facial expression constituent of the non-verbal conceptualization of envy in Russian linguistic culture is considered. The major components of the mimic stereotype of envy are specified; ways and means of their language representation are analyzed and systematized as exemplified in literary texts. Keywords: emotion conceptualization, non-verbal conceptualization, facial expression, mimic stereotype, kineme | 1425 | |||||
| 5095 | A book of poems in which titles refer to business documents (an explanatory note, travel orders, reporting) considered. The functions of genre limits in modern poetry, as well as ways of the extra poetical material lyrization analyze. Creating a setup for “the literature of fact”, the authors of the analyzed books emphasize the rootedness of their poetry in the modern society. However, the introduction of “documentality” in poetry is the convention, “factography” undergoes to lyrical “defamiliarization” using situational and stylistic grotesque. Keywords: modern poetry, a book of poems, K. Zykov, Yu. Gugolev, K. Medvedev, lyrical plot, grotesque | 1425 | |||||
| 5096 | The article discusses the issue of olympic education of students. Reflects the results of pedagogical testing of students on the subject. Revealed a low level of theoretical knowledge of students on the issues of the olympic movement, the Olympic games. Developed a set of practical lessons implemented in class-lesson system, and also defined the tasks for the students in the study of this topic as extracurricular work. Presents the results of the pedagogical experiment in which the efficiency of implementation of the developed approximate working program of the olympic education of students of the 7th grade of secondary school was revealed. Keywords: olympic education, the Olympic games, the theoretical knowledge of students in the field of olympic education program in physical culture | 1425 | |||||
| 5097 | Advertising influence is seen as manifestation of discourse social power, which is realized in different linguistically encoded forms of mental control over the target audience. It is analyzed in terms of representational structures – text worlds (mental representations) created in advertising discourse to establish relations between participants of communication. PRODUCER, PRODUCT and ADDRESSEE are the core elements in the structure of text worlds created in separate communicative acts. Text world is considered a generic term encompassing the notion of basic text world and sub-worlds, which are either participant-accessible or character-accessible. Sub-worlds projected in British advertising discourse are stated to differ depending upon the pragmatic perspective. The former have the effect of providing greater significance to the rational element of promoting the product, while the latter focus on entertaining aspects of advertising often associated with fiction. Keywords: representational structures, discourse, text world, initial text world, sub-worlds, advertising influence | 1425 | |||||
| 5098 | Pankin V.A. . // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1997. Issue 3 (3). P. 23-24 . | 1424 | |||||
| 5099 | Egorova N.N. . // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 5 (14). P. 49-52 . | 1424 | |||||
| 5100 | The author considers the problem training as the most important in the system of school ecological training and emphasizes its essential components: problem situations, cognitive objectives, game situations, plays. The problems, which appear and prompt to cognitive action, are not only the methods to stir up thinking, but often define the development of person’s inclinations and abilities. Ecological objectives and plays provoke huge interests, make auspicious emotional conditions, and promote stirring up of schoolchildren thinking, develop logic and cognitive self-dependence. | 1424 | |||||




