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# | Article | Downloads | |||||
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2201 | The paper presents the analysis of motivational provision of remote support of school education and organizational forms of networking in the school (data: educational institutions of Altay Territory). Keywords: motivational provision, distant education, organizational forms of networking | 1053 | |||||
2202 | The objects of attention were the plays of early 2000-ies written by the middle generation of playwrights revealing how a change in family relationship and conflict in contemporary poetics dramaturgical stories are reflected. Family theme allows sharpening and showing a tragedy of disunity in communications (domestic, social, cultural) in a multidimensional (or over time) as well as the fact that modern man takes absurd relationships in the private life and learns to exist. Keywords: Russian drama of the 2000s, the family, intimate relationships, the plot | 1053 | |||||
2203 | In the article deals with the features of the structure of extracurricular activities at the university and also the main directions, content, functions, types, forms and methods of extracurricular activities. Keywords: extracurricular activities, objectives, content, function, forms of extracurricular activities in university | 1053 | |||||
2204 | In this article you will find the information about the matter of anthropological ideas in professional pedagogical education. Three aspects are under study: anthropological consciousness; anthropological technology and spiritual relationship in the system of teachers' training. Anthropological consciousness is based upon integral conceptual study of human nature. It arises either through the system of anthropology or through the process of modeling a human as integral formation. Integral study of human nature permits to understand the integral culture through studying the courses of a series «Study of Human Nature». This system is worked out by the author of this article and is defended in the author's thesis for a Doctor's degree «Theory and Practice of Courses of a Series» Study of Human Nature» in Pedagogical Education structure» (Yaroslavl - Tomsk, 1999). | 1052 | |||||
2205 | The traditional process of improvement of improve¬ment of qualifications is usually marked by the usage of informative technologies, but it doesn't satisfy the cultural-educational need of the society, school and teacher himself. Simultaneously their takes place the reformation of the educational system accordingly to values of the Open so¬ciety. In this article the subject of alternative problem-project model of the qualifications improvement system «A teacher of the Open education» will be considered. | 1052 | |||||
2206 | The paper is aimed at grounding associative relations as an integrative communicative property of the word, through which the other properties of the word are defined. | 1052 | |||||
2207 | We trace the dynamics of the change of functions of music, concerning the language on early stages of the western culture development. We show how the localization of the concept-expressing function of music into the sphere of every-day speech and art take place as the language change and the graphic means of fixating language expressions appear. | 1052 | |||||
2208 | The article discloses the essence of the critical works by Apollon and Valerian Maikovs and their impact on the formation of the Russian aesthetical thought of the 1840s. The author re¬veals their ideological links to Vissarion Belinsky's conception. | 1052 | |||||
2209 | The article shows the need of state support for developing programs of educational crediting in Russia both at federal and regional levels. Interaction of the state, large banks, insurance companies, corporations can create an effective mechanism of crediting of paying educational services. Educational crediting contributes to the maintenance of demand for paying educational services and to the provision of accessibility of education. | 1052 | |||||
2210 | Professional and applied physical training problem's solution is based on preliminary identification of professionally important qualities for this or that kind of labour, its conditions analysis as well as on the study of occupational hazards which earlier was based on systematic professional and graphical researches | 1052 | |||||
2211 | In this work was analyzed nature of lateral thinking, was reveal specify developments and feature of formation citizenship in legal training at students of different courses. Is investigate communicative complex, are opened structure and form lateral thinking, are represent possible variants activization of the given thinking in legal education Keywords: personaly-intellectual potential, civil position, lateral thinking, creative, predictability, education standard, personaly-orientated training, integrative-activate approach, personal potential | 1052 | |||||
2212 | Topical issues of general education - the functioning of ungraded schools in modern conditions is considered. The role of education degree in staffing of rural schools, including retraining teachers ungraded schools is determined. We give the experience of the Tomsk State Pedagogical University on teacher training for ungraded schools of Tomsk region. Keywords: small rural schools, village school, professional development | 1052 | |||||
2213 | The article deals with the works by Oleg Bogaev, who represents the “new writing” as a modern way in Ural drama. In his plays there is a specific positive energy of the comic approach, which is opposed to the esthetics of estrangement, that is typical of the “new writing” at the turn of the century. Keywords: comic approach, new drama, theatre of the absurd, theatre of the cruelty, character, conflict, alogism. | 1052 | |||||
2214 | The article deals with the possibility of networking organization in educational environment of teachers’ training college. Keywords: social partners in education, social and personal competence, educational environment | 1052 | |||||
2215 | The article discusses the problems arising when the law on additional measures of state support for families with children. It specifies the gaps, when adopting law no. 256-FZ and ways to improve them. Keywords: parental capital, additional measures of state support for families with children, family capital, directions of realization of means of the parental capital | 1052 | |||||
2216 | The article deals with the deficiency category as an important constituent of the deviation category, its structure and the means of expressing the mental component as one of the parts of the given category. Keywords: category, deviation, deficiency, structure, mental component | 1052 | |||||
2217 | The work is devoted to one of the central notions of anthropological linguistics – group-wide language personality. The article considers one of the particular features of contemporary loanwords – vocabulary borrowed from foreign languages which entered the Russian language in XX–XXI centuries, in the speech of a group-wide language personality of higher education institution student of Tomsk. Central attention is focused on the realization of a group of nominative functions by foreign novations in student discourse. The youth newspapers, Internet websites of social communities, colloquial speech of students was chosen as the material for investigation. Multifunctionality of contemporary loanwords in student newspaper and Internet discourse is revealed – the nominative function is basic and is realized in specific linguistic functions. For foreign novations the most typical functions are information and determinative, synonymically differential, terminological and compressive. The role of loanwords in the formation of a language personality of a student: contemporary loanwords expand the terminological thesaurus of a future specialist, it is a cognition means in information technologies and household appliances, in the sphere of various interests of students. Keywords: borrowings, functioning, higher school student’s group linguistic identity, Internet-discourse | 1052 | |||||
2218 | The article considers the key to communication studies and a number of other sciences, the concept of “code of cooperation” as a means of implementing the communication, communication, knowledge translation, expression evaluation. It is about the visual and natural language communication as two codes that differ based on the absence / presence of the properties of linearity and consistency deployment in space and time and analyzed in relation aspects of their functional and pragmatic properties, as well as the specificity of interaction in various spheres of social and interpersonal communication. Particularly emphasized affecting the function of visual language, high performance implementation of which is achieved due to the availability of a huge perception and interpretive capabilities. To justify the need to study the visual language is important to recognize formulated within the framework of psychological science position on the importance of the visual code of perception, which found ample evidence in practice (eg, in the course of implementation, the techniques of art therapy, receiving visualization work with people belonging to visual personal psycho). Visual (lateral) kind of thinking, secreted by some scientists as a distinct type of appeal to the possibility understanding of information through the creation of non-linear visual images, in some cases, more ductile and moving than words – a linear unit of verbal series. The emergence of visual language as an interdisciplinary concepts and the growing interest in it among scientists from different fields of scientific knowledge is determined by the powerful influence of the modern information environment exerted on the minds of the media / user as a result of the introduction of the everyday life of the latest information and cognitive technologies. As an example of the close interaction of visual and verbal codes is actually seen the phenomenon of creolized speech product that combines elements of a visual and verbal code. For empirical research base are taken the commercial advertising texts. Keywords: communication, communication code, visual language, the nonlinear visual image, natural language, creolized text, advertising text as creolized variety of text | 1052 | |||||
2219 | The article reflects the problem of science education, which manifest themselves in school and in higher school. In particular, these problems are common to the schools and universities of Tomsk. The problems are manifested by the facts: poor results at final exams in school (average point at the final examination in physics is not high, for Tomsk it is slightly higher than in Russia in whole); weak natural-science preparation of pupils identified in the serious study; lowering of the pass mark for the students of technical faculties of leading universities of Tomsk. In addition, in the above studies was found low practical and technical preparation of students, which affects the training of engineers. The authors analyzed the proposals to solve the manifested problems. Part of the proposals concerns the introduction of a propaedeutic course of natural-science for pupils of 5–6 classes. The authors believe that such training is more effective in the study of the course, built on the basis of the most important natural subject – physics, rather than on the basis of integrated natural sciences course. Propaedeutic study of the subject, built in a certain way, contributed to the appearance of the motivation to study it. The process of such training is presented as an elective course (shows the program and, in part, the ways of working with students), where students are introduced to the great discoveries and the engineering, and consumer applications of these discoveries. The course is built on the basis of a joint discussion of the problems, updating of knowledge of students about the scientists and the benefits of their discoveries, the organization of observations and execution of simple model experiments. As a result, students gain some practical, technological and information skills. The article shows the positive results of the students, the appearance of their motivation to study physics. Keywords: problems of science education, strengthening of practical training of students, development of interest in physics, elective course for students of grades 5–6 | 1052 | |||||
2220 | The article presents the experience of comparative analysis of phraseological units in the Russian and Chinese languages with the somatic component of the “tooth”. The research analyzed the position of the classic and modern linguistic studies, actualizing the cultural semantization of phraseological units. Analytically described the semantic nests of the collected fund of phraseological units with somatism “tooth” in the Chinese and Russian languages. Carried out a comparison of the shared and unique values of phraseological units. In the Chinese language there are idioms connected with speech activity, with the appearance and facial expressions of a person, reflecting the relationship between people, with a person describing the action of speaking, as well as the unique meanings associated with a book, an article, with durability. The following meanings are established in the Russian language: strength, food, experience, reflection of the person’s negative emotions (resentment, wrath, anger, hatred), the symbolic expression of aggression. It is found that somatism “tooth” in Chinese and Russian phraseological units symbolically replaces the individual elements of the surrounding reality, conditioned by the history of peoples, their religions, customs and traditions, the natural conditions and value systems of the people, and therefore can not be considered identically, which must be taken into account in the process of mastering the language, and in the process of translation. Keywords: phraseological units, somatism, semantization, comparative analysis | 1052 | |||||
2221 | The article considers the method of tectological system analysis which was developed by Alexander Bogdanov (1873–1928) for research of complex social, economic and political processes on the basis of natural sciences regularities. The author compares Bogdanov’s method with other later created forms of system analysis and estimates their comparative effectiveness in the sphere of historical events and forecasting of social crises. States the fact of some tectological key regularities adoption in the process of L. von Bertalanfi’s general system theory and N. Weiner’s cybernetics development. Shows the methodological limitation of the general system theory, cybernetics and I. Prigozhin’s synergetrics which can’t be applied for researching transformational processes in social, economic, political, cultural and ideological spheres of society’s life. Proposes an essentially new concept of historical process as an organized sequence of the facts unified by functionally chained causal relationships, the very existence of them which excludes multiplied interpretation of the events recorded in historical sources. The author proves that such perception of social reality (essential characteristic of which is a historical process) caused the hyper-crytical attitude to Bogdanov’s method of tectological system analysis om the part of scientists of the 20th and 21th centuries, though the heuristic potential of Bogdanov’s theory for historical events research remains high. Keywords: history of science, tectology, system analysis, forecasting, historical process | 1052 | |||||
2222 | The article deals with the question of individual trajectories of development of junior schoolchildren in the context of solving the problem of achieving the intended outcomes of primary education in accordance with the requirements of Federal state educational standard of primary general education. In the article the authors draw attention to the shortcomings of the existing model of an individual trajectory of development of junior schoolchildren, and propose a new model where students take the subject position in relation to its educational results. The advantage of the new model is shown and the main stages of work are indicated. The results of approbation of new models of individual trajectories of development of junior schoolchildren are presented. The key principles of the article underlying the productive models are the conditions of work of elementary school teachers with individual trajectories of development of junior schoolchildren: 1. to make each of the younger school student the protagonist of the construction of the trajectory of his personal development in the educational process of primary school; 2. to give the student an opportunity to evaluate the degree of mastering the subject and metasubject results of development of basic educational programs of primary general education; 3. to integrate the work of younger students with individual trajectories of development in the current curricular and extracurricular activities of the school of the first stage; 4. to organize systematic work of students with individual trajectories of development in academic cooperation; 5. to give younger students a choice of path, means and space for the development and formation of missing skills and ways of action. Productive model of case management was reflected in actual educational practice and can be recommended to solve urgent pedagogical problems of modern elementary school. Keywords: individual trajectory of development, junior schoolchildren, a model of organization of work, achieving the expected results, the organizational aspect | 1052 | |||||
2223 | In the introductory article of the collection the results of the scientific symposium "Science, education and culture on the boundary of millenniums" and the seminar on problems of the history of education and culture taking place in its frameworks in December, 1999 on the basis of Tomsk State Pedagogical Uni-versity are analyzed. | 1051 | |||||
2224 | The article is dedicated to the problem of perception and interpretation of the text of belle-iettres. An attempt has been made to analyze some peculiarities of the lexical usage of the word image «garden» in B. Pasternak's poetic text from a new point of view (in the functional pragmatic aspect). The analysis has been carried out on the basis of the collection of poems «isn't it Time for Birds to Sing» from the third book of poems «Life is My Sister» (1922). | 1051 | |||||
2225 | The paper deals with the analysis of Russian education by the result of international investigations, much attention is given to the necessity of considering the methodological grounds of the pedagogical educational process in the whole and at elementary school in particular. It is specially noted that the problem of education quality is always connected with pupils' progress in the training process. The study of this problem genesis is necessary to comprehend and improve pedagogic theory and practice. In the process of pedagogical education methodological training of students has great importance. The author points out the necessity of mastering the common logic and scientific cognitive meth¬ods for students' professional activities. Keywords: - | 1051 | |||||
2226 | This article deals with main tasks of the reform of economic education in Russia in the context of market social-economy reforms are discussed. Nevolina V.V. The Meaning and the Role of Accountancy in the System of Economical Education: Peculiarities of the Subjects and Methods In the article the author shows the importance and the role of accountancy in understanding of economic categories and processes. The peculiarities of its subjects and methods are also reviewed. | 1051 | |||||
2227 | The article presents the comparative analysis of two human creature’s ideals. These ideals are pagan one (hero) and Christian one (martyr). An attitude toward the supernatural eternity is identified as a main feature of both these ideals. Pagan confession negates supernatural essence and Christian one realizes this essence as an absolute foundation of itself. By virtue of this feature hero is a quantitative rising of humanity, multiplication and completeness of human strengths without qualitative originality. Hero is an object for separated aesthetic contemplation that is why this ideal negates an intercourse. Martyr is described by his belonging to supernatural Person. Eternity transforms transitory and transitory begins to express its belonging to eternity. Thereby martyr is a justified individuality that is a qualitative originality and a supernatural absolute intercourse. Martyr saves himself and others by means of his martyrdom. | 1051 | |||||
2228 | The article is written according to the literary sources with wide attraction of the author’s own field materials collected during the last years. The various historical names and native-names of the people and their origin are considered. The patrimonial legends and the traditional views of the Ostyaks (Khanty), which reflect various levels of the ethnic identification and self-identification, are analyzed. | 1051 | |||||
2229 | The article is devoted to the problem of linguistic actualisation of German temporal adverbs in phase realisation in the language. The author chose temporal adverbs that express phase meanings. There is a detailed analysis of temporal adverbs that directly characterise semantic definition of the beginning, the duration and the end of action in speech. The material demonstrates that any utterance is oriented to the meaningful completion. | 1051 | |||||
2230 | - | 1051 | |||||
2231 | This paper deals with the results of scientific conference devoted to the well known philosophy and pedagogy S.I.Gessen’s memory. Some modern forms of the postgraduates research training in Tomsk government pedagogical university are presented. Keywords: scientific conference, education philosophy, pedagogy, school of young scientist, modern education | 1051 | |||||
2232 | The development of spatial representations of junior teenagers in the conditions of transition to an information society assumes the use of dynamic visualisation of geometrical concepts by teaching geometry. Keywords: spatial thinking; dynamic interpretation; multimedia support; types of operating of images | 1051 | |||||
2233 | The article is devoted to pedagogical problem of health savings of pupils, in particular during the state final certification in the format of Centralized Testing and preparation to it. The article presents the complex of the necessary pedagogical conditions providing maximal reliability of the results of final testing at minimal psychophysiological loading of senior pupils. The brief review of the maintenance of each of conditions is given. The generalized results of experimental work on practical realization of the allocated complex of pedagogical conditions are presented. Keywords: health savings, Centralized Testing | 1051 | |||||
2234 | The article proves the stages of the development of pedagogical education as socio-cultural phenomenon that were caused by the logic of all-Russian policy of the development of educational institutions network and the changes in the public policy relative to the remote territories colonization, as well as internal socio-cultural processes of the region. In different periods these factors have differently influenced on pedagogical education giving us an opportunity to speak about it as a result of socio-cultural development of Western Siberia. Keywords: region, pedagogical education, Western Siberia, teachers' training, educational policy, socio-cultural development | 1051 | |||||
2235 | Program of clinical-laboratory monitoring of endogen intoksikation by patients of chronicle and acute cholecystitis must had to include biochemical markers: components of middle molecules mass, active of catalase, ceruloplasmin, level of malondialdehyde. Clinical-biochemical estimation of utilize of criterion in the discover frontier alteration with deviation of the norm of analysis parameters is considered. Discover of markers tests of endogen intoksikation for patients of cholecystitis may be basis of complex clinical-biochemical research in early postsurgery period, for utilize doctor in the construction of program correction of metabolism violations. Keywords: endogen intoksikation, clinical-laboratory monitoring, biochemical markers, chronicle and acute cholecystitis. | 1051 | |||||
2236 | The main idea of younger generation education in Russia is the creation of common educational space on the basis of modernization of approaches, priorities and modern educational and psychological techniques. Special attention is given to spiritual and moral upbringing which has to integrate all the educational process: academic, non-academic and development works. Joint project venture of teachers and pupils of village schools is the most actual form of modern education in which parties of educational process are given an opportunity for the most complete selfactualization. Keywords: upbringing, educational process, academic, non-academic, development works | 1051 | |||||
2237 | This article deals with the phenomenon of open joint action as a special type of interaction between the teacher and the student. The subject of consideration is the word semantics “open”, and the characteristics of opening joint educational content. Justifi ed the allocation of the action as the basic units of educational content in elementary school. Keywords: open, the openness, the opening joint program, the communication, the opened and closed systems | 1051 | |||||
2238 | We investigate a specic model for a dark energy which lead to the Quasi-Rip cosmology. In the Quasi-Rip model the equation of state parameter w is less than -1 in the rst stage, but then in the second stage is larger than -1. The conditions for the appearance the Quasi-Rip in the terms of the parameters equation of state are received. Keywords: dark energy, cosmological constant, equation of state, bound structures | 1051 | |||||
2239 | This article examines the criteria identify “pathologically” altered states of consciousness (“mental and behavioural disorders”) from a variety of altered states of consciousness. It demonstrates the deficiency and the haziness of epistemic characteristics of pathologically altered states of consciousness, the social nature of the criteria characterizing the altered states of consciousness as a “mental disorder”, the role of value systems in the choice of the methodology of the pathologically altered states of consciousness. Keywords: consciousness, altered states of consciousness, pathologically altered states of consciousness, mental disorders, cognitive system | 1051 | |||||
2240 | In 2006–2011 in water bodies of the tundra, forest tundra, forest and forest steppe belts of the West Siberian Plain, the species and coenotic composition of the hydrophilic coenoses involving 15 Zygnematales species were studied. The Zygnematales species were found to form seasonal synusiae and be a dynamic component of aquatic macrophyte vegetation of the region. Keywords: Zygnematales, hydrophilic plant aggregations, West Siberian Plain | 1051 | |||||
2241 | This article focuses at national system of higher education quality evaluation in Italy as one of the best practices of quality assurance in integrated Europe. Based on the analysis of the experience of Italy and the survey of Italian researchers views, the author defines the activities that could affect to the improvement of the quality assurance in other countries, involved in the Bologna Declaration. Keywords: higher education quality, evaluation, educational program, accreditation | 1051 | |||||
2242 | This paper deals with the problem of aggression and deviant behaviour among adolescents on the epistemological level, and from the perspective of the moral education of the individual in modern society. An attempt was made to consider deviant behaviour from the perspective of orthodox psychology. Keywords: deviant behaviour, teenage aggression, education, morality | 1051 | |||||
2243 | Introduction. This article reviews the personality of Lermontov and his works by criticism of Russian religious philosophers, especially by V.S. Solovyov. History and criticism of literature have а lot of researches, which analyze works of different writers by literary criticism of philosophers. Most often, they simply state one or another thought of philosophers without any assumption that it can be used as an instrument to analyze a piece of art. Materials and research methods. There is an attempt to use literary criticism of Russian religious philosophers as a methodology within analyzing religious-philosophy subject of the artistic literature, in this case by learning life and art of Lermontov in the article. Results and discussion. There is an analysis of literary-critical and some philosophical works of Solovyov in the article, as well as identification of his approaches to creativity and the fate of Lermontov. Special attention is given to the reception of the poem «Demon» and to the demonic theme in the works of the poet in general, confirms the assumptions about deeply personal attitude of the philosopher to the poet’s fate, and interprets the certain similarity between them. Attention is drawn to Solovyov’s selectivity of Lermontov’s texts, designed not only to understand the work of the poet, but rather to illustrate his ideas, which owned the philosopher at the end of his life. The analysis of numerous texts of Lermontov with angelic and demonic themes, which not perceived by the religious philosopher is given. Conclusion. The use of literary critics of the philosophers as methodology allowed us to conclude that the distortion of Lermontov’s demon theme made by Solovyev was explained by completely opposite historiosophical views, different «conceptions of knowledge»: Lermontov tried to explore the beginning of evil and wrote about the first-born of creation, Demon, “the spirit of knowledge”, turning the poem into the gnosiological poem, while Solovyev tried to understand the ultimate fate of human history and wrote the «Short story about the Antichrist» by formulating his eschatological views. Keywords: Demonic theme, philosophical ideas of Solovyov, «Demon» – the gnosiological poem, angels and demons at the beginning of the creation, eschatology, a search of salvation, mysticism and metaphysics | 1051 | |||||
2244 | In the cognitive aspect the words denoting animals are subject names with the denotative-significative type of meaning. This is the lexical-semantic group with the developed system of hyper-hyponymous relations, but weak synonymic and antonymic relations. In the communicative aspect the nomination is analyzed according to the source, the semantic type and the inner form (motivation). The greater part of Nganasan words denoting animals are motivated. The motives of colouring, body parts, age are prevailing. | 1050 | |||||
2245 | Two different approaches are currently available for the analysis of the behaviour of the solid particles in flows. These are termed the Eulerian and Langrangian. In the Lagrangian method on the trajectories of the individual size fractions are evaluated by solving time dependent ordinary differential equations. In the Eulerian approach on the other hand, partial differential equations for the conservation of mass and momentum are written for each of the particle’s fractions, which are solved together with the equation of the liquid flow. Even in the simplest hydrocyclone model, there are two phases present, namely liquid, and monosized particles. Since particles of different diameters move with different velocity, each additional particle size represents an additional phase. An algebraic slip approach was used, with three momentum equations solved for the mixture, and relative moment of each fractions take into account in the conservations equations, in an iterative manner. The relative velocities between the particles and liquid in the hydrocyclone are evaluated by consideration of the dynamic force balance on the particle itself. The consequence of the mass conservation for the all fractions in a turbulent flow is the equation of turbulent diffusion of particles for each particle fraction mass concentration (Euler description form). The method of the determination of the diffusion coefficient of the solid phases is considered. Results allow to draw a conclusion that given formula well describes turbulent transport of solid phase flow and can be used for numerical modelling multiphase flows | 1050 | |||||
2246 | The article shows one of the communicative stylistics trends of text study – the theory of regulatives. We examined some peculiarities of reflection of universe principles of lexical text structure organization in the book of B. Pasternak «My Sister is Life» by the example of devices usage. | 1050 | |||||
2247 | The article deals with the evolution of time measurements, subjectivity of time perception and ways of its representation in the English language. | 1050 | |||||
2248 | The article is devoted to reasoning investigations’ urgency of social and cultural aspects of technical creation. Substantiation logic is based on the technical activity evolution analysis and some specific features of Russia historical development. The article presents not only substantiation of necessity and timeliness of social and cultural aspects of technical creation study but also plans methodological guiding lines which open the possibilities of such investigations. | 1050 | |||||
2249 | Oblastnichestvo was an original phenomenon in the public life of Siberia. It appeared at the turn of the 1850–1860-s, and existed until the beginning of the 1920–s and went through several stages in its development. G.I. Zhernavkov’s views, one of representatives of the late oblastnichestvo, haven’t been studied thoroughly. This person made an important contribution to the development of the movement’s program and looked in a new fashion on the problem of relations between the center and the regions, raised by early oblastniki | 1050 | |||||
2250 | The article deals with the problem of formation of the system of secondary pedagogical education. The peculiarities of work of teacher’s seminaries of West Siberia in the training of pedagogical personnel for people’s professional schools are mentioned. The analysis of educational process in the seminaries at the close of 19th up to the beginning of 20th Century is submitted for consideration. | 1050 |