| # | Article | Downloads | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3351 | Behavioral features of malarial mosquitos’ larvae Anopheles atroparvus (Diptera, Culicidae) are studied and connected with additional ways of meal reception – a substratum scraping and cannibalism. Results of experiments demonstrate that larvae of young and advanced stages Anopheles have various trophic and spatial niches in biotopes. Fall of food concurrence among stages and pressure of cannibalism on larvae of younger stages are reached. At the same time, individuals of advanced stages A. аtroparvus actively dive on depth of ten centimeters in search of forage, being switched over to alternative type of a food – the scraping. Keywords: malarial mosquitoes, developmental stages, cannibalism, scraping, behavior, concurrence | 1921 | |||||
| 3352 | The article discusses how to prepare students of the 9th grade for the State final examination in physics in the environment of additional education at the university. In particular training course describes the GIA (labs) on the basis of the Center for Complementary Physics and Mathematics and Science Study, Tomsk State Pedagogical University. In particular there is a description of the training course for the State final examination (laboratory work) at the Centre for additional physics and mathematics and science education at Tomsk State Pedagogical University. Keywords: state final examination, to prepare students for State final examination in physics, physical experiment, laboratory work | 1921 | |||||
| 3353 | The introduction of information and computer technologies in professional work of engineers is relevant now. Today in the modern pedagogy of higher education different variants of mobile learning are used. Discusses the application of mobile learning technologies using modern gadgets – smartphones, tablets, netbooks, with the help of special programs. The results of the study indicate the need to introduce and expand mobile learning in the structure of the organization of educational process of higher educational institutions. In conclusion the author gives recommendations on the introduction of some elements in the structure of the organization of mobile learning. Keywords: information and communication technologies; computer technology; mobile learning; mobile device; student | 1921 | |||||
| 3354 | Introduction. Phenomenological discourse in literature is connected with methodological orientation on perception of literary work as a phenomenon of author’s reality and event in reader perception. Due to such dialogue biorientation, the literary text ceases to be understood as a closed object, reaching the level of existential communication between the author and the reader with the basis for value event. Which makes it possible to talk about the possibility of revealing the perceiving consciousness through a dialog search for one’s word and another’s word. Materials and methods. The study uses analytical, descriptive, axiological methods and a phenomenological approach. The material for the study is the chapter of “A Writer’s Dairy” by F. M. Dostoevsky “One of the Modern Fales” (1873), ego-documents: notebooks 1863–1864, letters to A. G. Kovner (1877), N. P. Peterson (1878) and E. F. Yunge (1880). Results and discussion. As part of the axiological analysis of the text, the category “author’s position” was identified as an “aesthetic coefficient” of the value orientation vector of the literary work. The “position of the author” is understood through the dialogical principle, drawn by M. M. Bakhtin as the first definition in the polyphonic structure of the works of F. M. Dostoevsky. The dialogue of the writer is an all-encompassing concept, with neither temporary nor simple borders. This was directly reflected in the idea, genre and composition of “A Writer’s Diary”. Other modality, based on the conjugation of the Self and the Other consciousness, is characterized by position-value variability. The existential consciousness of the writer manifests itself in a word having a dialogue orientation. Dialogue is an attributive characteristic of existential consciousness. Personal Self shows itself as an object and subject through the situation of analysis of the process of self-knowledge. Conclusion. The process of the reader discovering not just the spiritual and moral foundations of the author’s personality, but the very situation of their formation is important in the situation of the value orientation of the young generation. Through the dialogue with the consciousness of the perceiving subject, Dostoevsky opens the way for the reader to acquire his Self (both I-author and I-reader). Keywords: dialogue, author, value analysis, Other, existential consciousness, F. M. Dostoevsky, “A Writer’s Dairy” | 1921 | |||||
| 3355 | The article is devoted to the problems of state sup¬port to small business under the modern conditions of its activation and the acceptance of a series of laws that activate the regulation of small business. | 1920 | |||||
| 3356 | This work offers the mathematical model of a number of insured people of a pension fund in a form of the infinite two-faced non-markovian system of queue systems. The research work in stationary re¬gime of queue system showed that distribution is two-measurement Poisson distribution with impendent components. | 1920 | |||||
| 3357 | The article deals with irony which, being one of the milestone characteristic features of Romanticism, in fact acquired the status of a Romantic outlook. Bonaventure in his novel ‘Nachtwachten’ (‘Night-watch’) creates by means of irony a unique intertextual reality, which in its turn is both food and basis for cross-cultural discourse between early and late Romanticism. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the novel anticipates the «ironical modality» of the 20th Century. | 1920 | |||||
| 3358 | The author analyses Russian Criminal Procedure Code (RCPC Автор анализирует нормы УПК РФ, устанавливающие основания для возвращения уголовного дела прокурору. Предлагается расширить норму статьи 237 УПК РФ и учесть случаи, когда неправильная квалификация деяния, вмененного обвиняемому, возникает при отсутствии вины сотрудников органов предварительного расследования (т.е. речь идет об объективно правовых деяниях). ) regulations about the terms of returning case to the public prosecutor. There is the offer to add to the Article 237 RCPC and to consider situations when wrong qualification of the “criminal” act arises without the fault of investigator (“impartially legal acts”). | 1920 | |||||
| 3359 | The article analyses the engineering university as educational phenomenon and its status in the educational tradition of the twentieth century. The author also displays the role of the engineering university in development of traditions of high engineering schools. | 1920 | |||||
| 3360 | Grigoray I.V. . Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2007. Issue 8 (71). P. 151-152 | 1920 | |||||
| 3361 | In this article is offered the technique of development mathematical competences of student for technical specialties in the time of solution applied tasks. Particularly geometrical tasks are stressed contributing to development of habits of construction and design. Keywords: engineer's education, mathematical competences,pedagogical conditions | 1920 | |||||
| 3362 | The structure of human activity in the logics of subject-object relations makes the unity of materially converting, spiritually cognitive, spiritually valuating, and communicative activities. The content and form of pedagogical process of art activity change owing to specific qualities: emotionality, figurativeness, subjectivity, infectiousness and dialogic character. The subject of pedagogical activity should possess a complex of art-pedagogical qualities inclusive of ability to organize and manage pedagogical process, expressed in making a creative plan of the lesson and in its artistic realization; in ability to improvise; in comprehending his or her own individuality, the subjective nature of creative activity; in dialogic forms of communication; in mastering the reflective mechanism. Keywords: human activity, individual’s socialization, universally creative process, interpenetration of art creativity into pedagogical activity. | 1920 | |||||
| 3363 | The paper concerns the problem of humanitarisation of higher education. The author suggests to include special program of ancient culture, because problems of moral education can be solved by studying of ancient wisdom. Keywords: humanitarisation, higher education, ancient culture, moral education, ancient wisdom | 1920 | |||||
| 3364 | Basic properties of radiation of the atomic chains excited by a channeling particle are considered. Using a very simple two-dimensional model of a crystal lattice we have shown that the main part of this radiation is generated on the frequency of oscillations of a channeling particle between the crystal planes, shifted by the Doppler effect. Angular distribution of the radiation of the chain of oscillating atoms is sharply peaked in the direction of the velocity of channeling particle because of coherence of the fields, produced by individual atoms. Keywords: radiation, channeling particle, crystal lattice, angular distribution, coherence | 1920 | |||||
| 3365 | The paper presents characteristics of the network model of organization of additional vocational training, the network of community, whose main objective is to organize professional development of teachers to the educational activity. Keywords: educational activities, online community, organization of additional vocational education | 1920 | |||||
| 3366 | Humanistic approaches to learning based on relationship of the teacher and the student. The problem for the development of such approaches may be difficult to establish the atmosphere of a dialogue. his article analyses the ten-year study conducted in the Linguistic University, which reflects some of the features of interpersonal relations among teachers and students. According to the author, the results indicate changes in relation to the main subjects of training due to the increasing role of humanistic trend in the outlook of teachers. Keywords: humanistic outlook, interpersonal relationships of teachers and students, the dynamics of evaluation relations, pedagogical conflicts | 1920 | |||||
| 3367 | The article deals with psychological content of professional activity of the specialists in the Pension fund of Russian Federation. It also reveals characteristic features activity and features of the working position of specialists in the Pension fund. There were analysed main requirements to the specialist as to the personality and the subject of work. Keywords: professional activity, psychological analysis of professional activity, working position, specialists in the Pension fund of the Russian Federation | 1920 | |||||
| 3368 | This article reveals the meaning and the intercommunication of the personal oriented and the competence approaches to the speech creation forming of the preschool age children taking into account the features of their development. According to the researches, the psycholinguistic, psychological and psycho physiological features of the child development are the base of the speech creation mastering of the preschool age children. The preschool educational organization is the social institute for the each child individuality opening, that’s why the teachers have to adapt the competitions of the education for the children. The term “adaptability” of the educational process opens this position. For the first time the term “adaptability of the educational system” appeared in the Law of the Russian Federation “About the education” as the principle of the state politics in the educational area and it means the adaptation of the educational system for the training level and the development features of the children. As the result, the necessity of the realization of the adaptive educational activity for the speech creation forming of the preschool age children taken into account their development features appears. And the personal oriented and the competence approaches to its realization suppose the adherence to the requirements to the educational activity in the kindergarten. The results of the established stage of the research are adduced. The goal, tasks and the hypothesis of the forming stage of the research are indicated. Keywords: adaptive educational activity, base of the speech creation, development features of the preschool age children, personal oriented approach, competence approach, technology, research stages | 1920 | |||||
| 3369 | The article presents the first attempt to consider the problem of building organizations’ personnel re-evacuation on the basis of archival materials. The re-evacuation was caused by the necessity of revitalization of the liberated territories. The purpose of the article is through the complex study of the issue to distinguish the personnel which underwent re-evacuation, the mechanisms of realization of the main trends in the activity related to it, its extent and results for the liberated areas, the re-evacuation consequences for West Siberia. The research was conducted in accordance with the main principles of historical science. It shows that the problems of re-evacuation of the collectives of building organizations’ were solved personally and were in the focus of the authorities’ attention. There were made a significant preparative work on the departures of echelons with people and equipment. The article accentuates the hardness of the work, tough requirements and discipline, good organization, difficulties and results. The author makes a conclusion that the presence of a significant number of building organizations’ collectives and building specialists in West Siberia had positive effect on the building cadres problem solving during the hardest time of the war. But reevacuation led to the great building cadres outflow which significantly deteriorated the situation in the building sector, and this could not but affect greatly the socio-economical development of the whole region. Keywords: the Great Patriotic War, re-evacuation, building organizations, special building and installation units, building trusts, Stalinskpromstroy no. 1, Spetsstroytrest no. 1, Stalingrad | 1920 | |||||
| 3370 | French perfumery art has centuries-old traditions and is the pride of the French nation. This article deals with the French perfumery discourse as one of the kinds of the institutional discourse, which is a complexly organized, multi – composition formation, an interaction of legislative (legal) discourse in the field of the production and trade of perfume goods), advertising perfumery discourse, scientific perfumery discourse, academic (educational) discourse of the perfumery art, perfumery media art, commercial discourse. The leading role in the above group belongs to the perfumery proper discourse in the sphere of professional communication. Within the subgroup of the French perfumery discourse one can find the polyphonic inclusions of historical, art, medical, musical, culinary and other discourses. The complex discourse nature of the perfumery discourse has given rise to a variety of genre forms. Keywords: smell, fragrance, perfume, perfumery, perfumery discourse, speech genre, functional style, a unit of analysis | 1920 | |||||
| 3371 | The article considers a mature student as the object of supplementary education at different establishments which offer language training. Based on Psychology and Linguodidactics researches, it analyses the characteristics of adult that are significant when studying a foreign language during a short-term study course. In order to acquire the knowledge of a foreign language one’s skills have to be trained and practiced regularly. Therefore, the article reminds the general principles of requiring a foreign language. Knowing the revealed peculiarities lets us form a clear understanding of who a mature student is, considering her both as a subject of study process in a whole and a subject of a foreign language learner in particular. Keywords: mature student, intensive learning, short-term course, supplementary education of adults, further self-development | 1920 | |||||
| 3372 | Nam I.V. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1997. Issue 1 (1). P. 49-51 . | 1919 | |||||
| 3373 | Domansky V.A. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 2 (5). P. 55-61 . | 1919 | |||||
| 3374 | Prokopinskaya N.I. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 4 (7). P. 32-37 . | 1919 | |||||
| 3375 | This article represents by itself the historical survey of the Russian liberal phenomenon. The main author's thought is contained in that during all the times of the lib¬eral ideas existence in Russia, they penetrated in a kind of philosophic and religion discourse of intellectuals only. Thus the liberal traditions appeared in the narrow layer of Russian society. | 1919 | |||||
| 3376 | Technology of water de-ironing is presented, based on filtering water trough fiberous sorbents made by the formation fiberes of melted polypropilen, type 21030-6, spilled from rotating disc. In is established that degree of water de-ironing and the working ability of the filter greatly depend on filter staffing density and on thickness of iron hidroxide layer over the fiber. The ultimate concentration of iron in water after the filtering is less than 0,3 mg/1 under initial concentration about 10 mg/1, if the staffing density is 140 through 200 kg/ m cub. and height of filtering layer is 200 mm. | 1919 | |||||
| 3377 | The article considers the problems of formation of scientific-innovation sphere, trie peculiarity of economic interests of its subject and also the problems of mecha¬nism formation of interrelation of interests of scienti¬fic-innovation sphere subjects. | 1919 | |||||
| 3378 | We study a generic chiral-antichiral superfiled model on N=1/2 deformed superspace. The model is formulated in terms of arbitrary Kahler potential and arbitrary chiral and antichiral superpotentials. A component structure of the model is found. One-loop effective action in low-energy approximation is considered at constant background fields. The divergent and finite contributions to effective action are calculated | 1919 | |||||
| 3379 | The dynamics of abundance of the Alauda arvensis on the agricultural landscapes of Lipetsk region is considered. The comparative analysis of bio topical qualities of the most widespread agricultural crops and fallow lands of different stages of succession, based on changes of density of the Alauda arvensis’s rested population is brought. The conclusion about dependence of nested appeal of agricultural landscapes on their internal characteristics and on their external bio topical surroundings is proved. Keywords: Skylarks, Alauda arvensis (Aves), density of population, nested population, abundance, fallow lands, succession, agricultural landscapes | 1919 | |||||
| 3380 | The article is devoted to features of political life of the modern Russian Cossacks and its such far ambiguous and inconsistent line as “independence”. The traditions of “independence” assuming state-political and ethnoterritorial self-determination of Cossacks or their cultural-national autonomy, got a display originality in political life of the modern Cossacks. Actualization of ideas of “independence” has been connected with features of social, cultural, political and economic space of the Russian state of end of the 20th century, the revival which predetermined specificity of the Cossacks. Keywords: Cossacks, political life, Cossacks revival, the modern Russian Cossacks, independence | 1919 | |||||
| 3381 | The article is devoted to the characteristics of the initial stage in the history of formation and development of a professional training system in the field of social work in the USA. The author allocated stages of development of this system during the period from the end of the 19th century till 1930s. The basic attention is paid to the first of the allocated stages – to the stage of before-professional formations in the sphere of social work in the USA. The analysis of conceptual sights, characteristic for the American charitable movements in which bowels bases of the future system of vocational training of social workers in the USA, represents the particular interest. Keywords: social work, apprenticeship, professional training, formation and development of a professional training system, vocational training, movement “Settlement”, movement of “Societies of the organised charity», social education. | 1919 | |||||
| 3382 | The article deals with the analysis of the means of representation of a concept “victim” in the image of Rodion Raskolnikov in F. M. Dostoyevsky’s novel “Crime and punishment”. The concept “victim” in the text of the novel of F.M. Dostoyevsky “Crime and punishment” is realized at various structural and semantic levels. An image of Raskolnikov consistently embodies in the novel various semantic aspects of a concept “victim” (the victim of the fashionable theory and own ambitions, generation as the victim of a critical era, etc.). The principles of polyphony when the opinion of the reader is created indirectly through the relation of characters of the novel shown in the speech and thoughts become the most significant for formation of reception. Keywords: F. M. Dostoevsky, “Crime and punishment”, Rodion Raskolnikov, image, hero, axiology, concept, victim, victimology, polyphonism, reception | 1919 | |||||
| 3383 | The article reveals results of the onomasiological approach to analyze corpora of Tomsk realionims elaborated in Russian. This article covers issues of a great importance such as onomasiology as a study of designations where linguistics forms can stand for a given concept, idea, and object, theoretical components of an onomasiological approach to categorize required vocabulary segments. Moreover, the research also considers various realia classifications elaborated since 1950s that are crucial for modern linguistics and widely spread. The article anticipates detailed and careful examination of such classifications and criteria of their formation and elaboration to select the basic one. In accordance with the research, the most reliable classification has been selected and applied during systematization and categorization. In such a manner, an onomasiological approach and the one realia classification specified in the article became the basis to systemize realionims associated with Tomsk and Tomsk Region in compliance with corresponding classification groups. Furthermore, the article defines thematic content of realionims` corpora dedicated to Tomsk and Tomsk Region. Thus, the article reveals statistic data and quantitative parameters of lexical groups that have been selected by continuous sampling method, analyzed and systemized by means of an onomasiological approach and realia classification selected during research. Keywords: onomasiological approach, Tomsk realionims, realionims corpora, thematic groups, classification of realionims, hard-to-translate endemic units, parallelization of corporas of different languages | 1919 | |||||
| 3384 | Despite the disposition of the theater of the absurd for linguistic minimalism, the plays of the British theater of the absurd possess a great phonographic potential due to the generic features of the dramatic text. The article explains the paradoxical ability of the dramatic text to transfer performer’s phonostylistic means through the author’s remarks, special syntactic constructions and graphic tools. The identified phonostylistic and graphic means in the absurdist plays by Samuel Beckett, Harold Pinter and Tom Stoppard do not only help to convey the authors’ ideas, but also conform to the philosophy of the absurd. The most represented means is the instrumentation based on different sound repetitions (alliteration, consonance, rhyme) with the use of sound symbolism. The phonographic analysis of the texts also revealed some cases of onomatopoeia and paronomasia. Rhythm has a special stylistic meaning in the drama. It is inherent in both theatrical actions and speech, which is reflected in the dramatic text. The article considers the ways of creating a specific slow, monotonous rhythm peculiar to the theater of the absurd with its idea of cyclical existence. The described examples confirm the stylistic markedness of the plays of the theater of the absurd which can be an object of further research in linguistics and stylistics. Keywords: theater of the absurd, dramatic text, phonostylistics, graphic language means, instrumentation, sound symbolism, rhythm | 1919 | |||||
| 3385 | The heterogeneity of the category of possessiveness conditioned the emergence of different points of view on its structure. There is a vision of the category of possessiveness as a binary opposition. According to the semantics of the name of the possessor, his person, animacy, the degree of his concreteness or abstractness, and the semantics of the object of possession, many linguists distinguish such oppositions as alienable/unalienable appurtenance, internal/external possession, temporary/permanent possessiveness, absolute/relative appurtenance, actual/virtual possession, legal/somatic appurtenance. In the context of the gradual opposition possessive relations can be represented in the form of absolute/relative appurtenance, inalienable appurtenance, relatively inalienable possession, occasionally inalienable and properly alienable appurtenance. According to another interpretation, the object can be inalienable, semi-alienable and alienable. Onomasiological approach proponents describe the possessiveness using as a basis the extra linguistic reality: they describe eventual types of possessors, potential types of objects of possession, try to anticipate their potential relationship. Semasiological approach supporters take as a basis specific language and speech facts – various possessive constructions. They analyze the influence of the form of possessive constructions (presence/absence of noun determiners, verbs) on its semantics. Keywords: opposition, unalienable possession, alienable possession, internal possession, external possession, temporary possession, permanent possession, actual possession, virtual possession, onomasiological approach, semasiological approach | 1919 | |||||
| 3386 | . | 1918 | |||||
| 3387 | Kozlov Y.A. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 1 (10). P. 43-46 . | 1918 | |||||
| 3388 | .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 6 (15). P. 93-93 . | 1918 | |||||
| 3389 | In this article the results of the psychological study of ethnoses, living in Siberian region, are described. The ethnical identifity of separate ethnoses. the psychological distance between representatives of title ethnoses and Russian-speaking population. Substitutions of ethnical national attitudes in some ethnoses were noticed. The data on the national composition of numerically small peoples are presented. | 1918 | |||||
| 3390 | Protection of workers' personal data is a novelty of Russian Labor Law. There is no unanimous opinion about principles of that activity. This article analyzes possibility of fixing principles of protection workers' personal data in Labor Code and offers their definitions. | 1918 | |||||
| 3391 | The article analyses the staff of few complement schools in Tomsk region and forecasts demands in forming pedagogical managing commands in such educational establishmens Keywords: the staff of few complement schools, prognosis of demands, pedagogical managing commands | 1918 | |||||
| 3392 | The article reveals the mechanism of action of an extract of Siberian fir in nurture of quails. The authors show that the use of extract of Siberian fir (CSE) stimulates the adrenal cortex, the selectionof thyroid hormones in the blood . This helps to increase resistance of birds, to raise their productivity traits (egg-laying qualities, reproduction). Keywords: coefficient of resistance, the quail, vegetable extracts, hormonal system, bloodformation, productivity | 1918 | |||||
| 3393 | In the article the author presents the analysis of the educational crisis in 1980–1990 years and the conception of modernization of it in the XXIst century. The role of the state is great in educational policy. Special attention is paid to distance and Internet education as well as to teachers training. Keywords: potential, crisis, reform, distance education, internet, ecological education | 1918 | |||||
| 3394 | The paper addresses the problem of occupational mobility of future professionals, as well as the issue of forming a professional interest as the first stage of formation of occupational mobility. Keywords: occupational mobility, a mobile specialist, professional interests | 1918 | |||||
| 3395 | The paper focuses on certain aspects of using the technology of problem-based learning of English for engineering students in the context of solving interdisciplinary problems. Teaching English by doing project work encourages the development of intercultural communication skills in modern engineers, who will be able to work in teams and solve engineering problems with the help of project management tools. Keywords: problem-based learning, soft skills, interdisciplinary project work, intercultural competence | 1918 | |||||
| 3396 | The article analyzes the conditions for the provision of affordable education for children with special educational needs in the rural municipality of the educational system. Based on these data the authors suggested formation of inclusive education program in the municipal educational system that should create conditions for ensuring the availability and quality of education for children with special educational needs. Keywords: available education, inclusive education, children with special educational needs, municipal educational system | 1918 | |||||
| 3397 | We consider our world as a brane embedded in the 5D space-time which is a solution of the 5D Einstein equations with Л-term. We do not solve the modi ed Einstein equations on the brane, instead of this we use exact solution of 5D Einstein equations. The energy-momentum tensor appears as the Israel jump condition on the brane. This tensor at the in nity gives positive tension in one side of the wormhole and negative tension in the second part of the wormhole space-time. In the case of the AdS5 model without Randall-Sundrum asymptotic we found the wormhole metric which satis es the energy conditions. Keywords: wormhole, Randall-Sundrum model, multidimensional theory, energy conditions | 1918 | |||||
| 3398 | This article describes the evolution of the knowledge and attitude of the society and the state for children with various deviations in development, and shows the importance of this knowledge for the training of specialists defectologists in Russia. The correlation and impact of the accumulated in the knowledge society of the handicapped children to the importance, necessity and specific training defectologic personnel at different times. Keywords: defective children, education of specialists, specialists on mental defects and physical handicaps, a speech therapist, a specialist on teaching children with mental defects, a specialist on teaching the blind, a specialist on teaching children with the p | 1918 | |||||
| 3399 | We develop superfield models for constructing classical actions of various models with rigid supersymmetry on S^2 and S^3. We introduce superspaces based on supercoset manifolds SU(2|1)/U(1) and SU(2|1)/[U(1) × U(1)]. We show that models on S 3 with extended supersymmetry can have different versions which are invariant under different supersymmetry groups. Among the models with extended supersymmetry on S 3 we consider the N = 4 and N = 8 SYM theories, Gaiotto-Witten and ABJM models as well as their analogs on S^2. Keywords: superspace, supercoset, super Yang-Mills model | 1918 | |||||
| 3400 | The article discusses the role of education and research in the classical university. The author analyzes the way of integration of these processes in the university area. First, teachers use the results of our research in the content of lectures and seminars. Second, the inclusion of students in research work. Third, the very university education serves the subject of scientific research and improvement. Keywords: education, science, lectures and seminary system, modular, interactive learning | 1918 | |||||