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| 3201 | Hydrosphere is the most ancient part of biosphere the further development of which is directed to the settling of aerial surroundings and lithosphere cover by organisms. This main track was assumed as a basis of partition of development history into three periods such as hydrozemic, atmozemic and lithozemic ones. Each period is accompanied by respective trend of soil formation, for example hydrozemic period corresponds with underwater soil formation and atmozemic and lithozemic ones to swamp and land respectively. Soil formation influenced on the development of biota by double means, in other words through the change of outer conditions which happened as a result of soil formation, and indirectly through the soil as a habitat Keywords: Biosphier, soil formation, marsh, evolution. | 1855 | |||||
| 3202 | The motives of activity are generated by the available requirements, thus new requirements arise under the influence of the developed structure of motives, having generated, these new requirements induce new informative motivation. Keywords: a motivational direction, memory, thinking, motivation, informative motives, social motives, positive motivation, an estimation | 1855 | |||||
| 3203 | The article is devoted to the question of studying the contact and typological connections, which are brightly shown in the Orphic discurse in the poetry of Austrian poet R. M. Rilke and russian symbolists. The comparative analysis of the main categories of philosophic and aesthetic concepts of the poets is presented in this work. The analysis of thematic and narrative analogies in the lyric poetry of R and Vyach. Ivanov is also described. Keywords: symbolism, discurse, Rilke, Vyach. Ivanov, Orpheus, Apollo, Dionis, sonnet, myth, contact and typological connections | 1855 | |||||
| 3204 | The article treats the role of componential analysis in solving lexical, lexical and grammatical, and stylistic challenges of translation. The paper maintains that componential analysis enables the translator to understand what causes translation challenges, to suggest effective and efficient strategies of overcoming the challenges, to select adequate translation equivalents and to proofread the translation. Keywords: componential analysis, pre-translation analysis, translation challenge, adequacy of translation | 1855 | |||||
| 3205 | The paper presents the results of the analysis of the morphosyntactic components expressing the Path semantic component in the translational motion event which are referred to as directional verbal satellites following L. Talmy’s typology. The attempt has been made to characterize the Ket language using Talmy’s typologies of lexicalization patterns, as well as D. Slobin’s typology of the expression of motion events. The conclusion has been drawn that Ket belongs to satellite-framed languages (in L. Talmy’s typology), and to high-path-salient but low-manner-salient languages (in D. Slobin’s typology); the verb root characteristically does not confl ate the semantic components, but expresses only the Motion component. Keywords: Ket language, locative situation of translational motion, directional verb satellites, L. Talmy’s typologies of lexicalization patterns, satellite-framed languages, D. Slobin’s typology of motion events | 1855 | |||||
| 3206 | 1855 | ||||||
| 3207 | The manifestation of the links between philosophy and linguistics in ancient China through the nominative aspect is considered - the first stage of the work of thinking on the formation of linguistic knowledge. The results of critical analysis of scientific literature, their coverage from the point of view of the stated problem, the results of introspective analysis, elements of the lexicographic analysis of dictionaries are presented. The dynamics of the interaction of epistemological, axiological and pragmatic components of nomination processes as linguistic realizations of the resulting directions of philosophical reflections of Ancient China is revealed. In this article we understand culture in accordance with the definition of V. Z. Demyankov as a set of nationally conditioned standards and patterns of behavior. In this case, a clear boundary is drawn between culture and civilization. Civilization in this article is characterized as a matrix of supranational standards and patterns of human behavior. According to the opinion of the prominent orientalist V. M. Alpatov, due to the factual nature of the lexical-semantic system, the names of objects, phenomena, processes, relations, etc. are the supporting framework of the system of relations of each national culture and reflect its related, imperious, structural and economic, etc. traditions. In this case, the direction and strength of the epistemological, axiological and pragmatic vectors of the nomination process determines the worldview factor, i.е. the sum of philosophical views on the world order. The pragmatic factor serves to fulfill the functions of criticality and veracity of the resulting artifact of linguistic knowledge - the name. Keywords: nomination, linguistic knowledge, worldview, pragmatics, hieroglyph, daojiao, fanze | 1855 | |||||
| 3208 | Introduction. A characteristic feature of modern linguistics is the study of language as a means of not only communication, but also the expression of human mental activity, giving access to his consciousness. Cognitive linguistics postulates the idea that language forms reflect all cognitive processes, one of which is the human perception of the world. The aim of the article is to identify the reflection of the peculiarities of perception in phraseological units of the modern English language. Material and methods. The work is carried out within the framework of cognitive linguistics based on a single cognitive methodology for the study of language structures. General and particular methods of cognition are used in the research, such as inductive-deductive method, the method of quantitative calculation and classification, the method of structural and semantic analysis of phraseological units and the method of conceptual analysis. The complex use of these methods allows to look at the theoretical aspects of phraseology from the point of view of the cognitive paradigm of knowledge. Results and discussion. The concept of perception as a cognitive process is defined. It is noted that different types of perception (vision, hearing, touch, smell, taste) are indicated in the English stable expressions by the verbs of sensory perception and the names of the corresponding senses. The article describes the reflection in phraseological units of the English language of such properties of perception as integrity, objectivity, meaningfulness, dependence on the personality of the perceiver, etc. It is confirmed that the perceived is subjected to further cognitive processing, manifested both in the language as a whole and in its phraseological system, in particular. The analysis of phraseological units formed on the basis of metaphorical and / or metonymic transference confirms the associative nature of human thinking. It is proved that the necessary intermediate link between perception and phraseological meaning is human experience. The study allows to understand better the nature of the relationship between cognition and the phraseological system of language, which can serve as a prerequisite for the creation of a separate branch in the science of language – cognitive phraseology, integrating the achievements of cognitive science and phraseology. Conclusion. The presented language material can be used in the practice of teaching English, and also included in the theoretical and practical courses in general linguistics, cognitive linguistics, lexicology and phraseology of the English language. Keywords: cognition, the process of perception, human experience, metaphor, metonymy, phraseological units of the English language, phraseological meaning | 1855 | |||||
| 3209 | Introduction. The article focuses on different statements concerning Joseph Brodsky’s original English poetry made by English and American critics, poets and translators. Aim and objectives. The paper aims to classify, systematize and critically value those statements, which can be described as occasional and unsystematic. Material and methods. The research is based on statements concerning Brodsky’s original English poetical works made by foreign English-speaking philologists, critics and poets. All the statements are found in variety of different interviews and books dedicated to Brodsky’s life and work. The methods used in the research are as follows: frontal analysis and content analysis, comparative method. Results and discussion. Brodsky’s English verses are yet to be studied as for researchers neglect such an important component of Brodsky’s works, which however is to help construct the whole picture of one’s esthetic thinking to its logical whole. As long as philologists traditionally concentrate on Brodsky’s Russian verses, English essays and (self) translations, this paper addresses Brodsky’s original English poetry as a phenomenon craving for deeper scientific understanding. The article brings the light on the reasons determined Brodsky’s turn toward English which can be divided into three groups: esthetic, utilitarian and linguistic ones. Brodsky’s attitude towards his own English verses was complicated. Creating original English poetical texts was like so-called play in versification and prosody with the using of new linguistic tools. He admitted in English prosody ability of rhyming short English lexical elements in broad variety of possible combinations, using impossible in Russian rhythmical and syntactic structures, experimenting with prosody. The paper provides review of statements addressing Brodsky’s original English poetry. All the statements are divided into groups according to geographical, linguistic and professional areas of the authors they were made by. The majority of studying statements are occasional and unsystematic, united however with some same features. Even supporters of Brodsky’s English poetry were forced to mention a bunch of imperfections in Brodsky’s English, stylistic mistakes and too Russian being of his English verses. One of the main grievance about Brodsky’s English verses is his incorrect using of English idiomatic elements. Many underline interferential and interconditional nature of English and Russian languages in Brodsky’s verses. Some consider this feature to be unacceptable, others as a unique style of bilingual author. Conclusion. Finally the article concludes that Joseph Brodsky was a two-cultured and two-language representative: Russian and English. Despite all the deviation in opinion of critics, poets and translators, the majority of them focus solemnly on linguistic level of Brodsky’s English verses. It’s worth noticing the lack of esthetic interpretation of Brodsky’s English poetry. The upcoming research can provide an answer to a question: does Brodsky’s world view remain the same in his English poetry or did it change subsequent to the language? Keywords: Joseph Brodsky, Russian poetry, English poetry, critics of poetry, analysis of poetical text | 1855 | |||||
| 3210 | . | 1854 | |||||
| 3211 | The article shows socioculturai conception of modern upbringing in contrast to before existed upbringing practices, independent and applied arts culture realize aesthetic upbringing. Besides modifications of art culture and upbringing models at the postmodern conception are shown. | 1854 | |||||
| 3212 | The article presents the analysis of the role of industrial-bank capital in different stages of development of integrated structures. The advantages of industrial – bank unification are marked: enlarging size of capital, widening of profit earning possibilities, reduction and division of market risks, creation of the conditions for productive investment activity. Industrial-bank unifications appear to be the link, which is able to create high structured capital which provides the conditions for economic growth. | 1854 | |||||
| 3213 | Step-by-step health-education program is developed aimed at giving practical help to patients in the assessment and timely correction of their physical and psychological conditions by cardiovascular diseases. The given program resulted in increased physical activities and ability to work, forming positive thinking, normalization of arterial pressure. Keywords: health-education program, step-by-step physical activity, psycho-emotional condition, positive thinking | 1854 | |||||
| 3214 | The article is devoted to the approaches to the integration of e-learning with traditional training tools for school Mathematics, based on example of e-educational complex in mathematics for primary school; it describes in detail the structure of electronic complex. Keywords: school textbook with a new type of computer support, e-education complex in mathematics. | 1854 | |||||
| 3215 | This article describes the dynamics of general education in the West Siberian educational district at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the XX centuries. It shows the analysis of state primary and secondary education, and it also presents statistical data. Keywords: primary education, secondary education, Western Siberia educational district | 1854 | |||||
| 3216 | In the article there are described features of reference of demonstratives in Spanish. The demonstratives in Spanish have different referential properties based on the grammatical properties of pronouns. The author pays special attention to differentiation between the referential and non-referential situation because it allows to better understanding of shades of meaning. Keywords: reference, demonstratives, non-referential using | 1854 | |||||
| 3217 | The article examines processes of innovations implantation in economy as one of the most important source of economy growth. Wherein innovations implantation is accompanying appearing of such facts like technology gap and innovation diffusion. It shows sources and possible instruments of technology gap overcoming in the context of evolutionary economic theory. The author analyzed processes of economies structures convergence and divergence in the result of innovations implantation. Keywords: evolution of economy, innovations, institutes, economic growth, convergence and divergence | 1854 | |||||
| 3218 | The article considers the language categorization of the sun in Old English and Old Icelandic poetic texts. Figurative (metaphoric) components which show the relation of the analyzed denotatum to the category of the animateness/inanimateness are revealed. Keywords: Old English, Old Icelandic, category, categorization, cognitive metaphor, category of the animateness/inanimateness, sun | 1854 | |||||
| 3219 | Phraseological combinations, which have a rich variety of structure features are considered. As they consist of one, two or more components, the first can be in the different cases of the noun. In these expressions, the second component can be a noun and a verb. Furthermore, the second component has a primary use in the epos. The first component of the phraseology in the epos, mainly is a noun, but here and maybe use other parts of speech. Keywords: epos, two-component phraseological unit, «Koroghlu», verb, declension, abstraction | 1854 | |||||
| 3220 | The article analyzes the semantic complexes connected with the representation of the Vologda region in the novel by L. Ulitskaya “Green tent”. Having studied all mentions of the region in the text the author draws to conclusion that the image of the Vologda region accumulates the traditional understanding of the province as a field of resistance and inertness, preserving underlying national traits and implementing patriarchal-family basis. The Vologda region serves as a place of exile or escape from prospective danger; the personification of family which guarantees safety and transfer the national traits of the character; it is the area of the gradual decay of the countryside world, embodiment of the Russian North in general with its “intact timid nature”. This peripheral area from the chronological point of view is interpreted as the past. Arriving from the center (Moscow) at the Vologda region looks like the descent, decline in not only patriarchal existence, but also in the history of own family. The Vologda region is a wordly projection of the “green tent”, the territory of family peace, realizing your roots and through them returning to yourself. Keywords: postmodernism, chronotope, province, motives, theme, geoethnic panorama, the Vologda region, the Russian North | 1854 | |||||
| 3221 | In the context of contemporary vision training focuses on professional orientation of students. It is fixed that without adoption of the needs and interests of society by the individual the choice of profession, taking into account the interest of the society and the individual himself is not possible, as well as the development of personality. Describes the classification of the typology of professions from the point of view of their variability, provides a historical review of the formation of the domestic occupational practice and defines its vector in the system “man – profession”; comments on the classification of the stages of the professional life of E. Ginzberg and D. Superte. Keywords: professional orientation, vocational education, classification of the stages of professional life, typology of professions | 1854 | |||||
| 3222 | The results of the analytical work on revealing of the necessity of development of the labour supervision practice during temporary employment of underage children as an urgent direction of scientific and pedagogical research are presented. The paper discloses normative and legal aspects of arrangement of temporary employment of underage children at regional and municipal levels. The materials of the theoretical analysis of labour supervision as sociopedagogical phenomenon are adduced. The paper suggests grounded and elaborated by the authors approaches for designing survey materials (interviewing and questionnaire poll), providing the opportunity for the considered practice as an urgent direction of applied scientific and pedagogical research. The authors’ diagnostic materials including the examples of their fragments are presented. The paper provides guidance for target and organizing guidelines for conducting scientific-pedagogical research connected with the development of practice of student youth labour supervision in relation to underage children in the system of students building parties. The data of the empirical survey of the employees of the Center for Employment of Population and local self-government bodies of Tomsk and Tomsk district and local authorities specialists on revealing the problems of temporary employment of the underage children are given. Urgent scientific and pedagogical issues in the sphere of development of student youth labour supervision in relation to underage children in the process of their temporary employment by means of involvement in students building parties labor activity are identified. Keywords: labour education, temporary employment of underage children, labour supervision, labour socialization | 1854 | |||||
| 3223 | The methodological bases of technologies for innovative designing (the system approach, a dialectic method of knowledge, the objective law of systems development, TSIT – the theory for solution of inventive tasks, VA – value engineering) are considered in the article. The author presumes that implementation of it within the educational process provides training of the future engineers for creative activity. | 1853 | |||||
| 3224 | The article is dedicated to the elaboration of procedure of associative layer study, which is considered as one of the most important in literature concept structure. The research is carrying out in realm of communicative stylistics of text on the base of M.I. Tsvetaeva lyric poetry. | 1853 | |||||
| 3225 | The authors of the article offer ways to improve quality of education and make specialized education in ungraded schools readily available by means of providing of online forms of education and implementation of innovative educational programs Keywords: education, ungraded school, state educational policy, teachers extended training, online education tutor, specialized education, innovative educational programs | 1853 | |||||
| 3226 | The formation of sports culture through taking up one or a few kinds of sports, helps to discover and implement real and potential abilities, and is the promising means of students access to physical training and sports activities, healthy lifestyle. Keywords: sports culture, physical training, athletics, study-training process | 1853 | |||||
| 3227 | The model of formation of student’s educational activity motivation is described at methodological, psychologicaldidactic and methodical levels of generality. The connection of educational motives with current and academic progress of students of the first year is investigated. The basic stages of verification of model during didactic experiment are described. The levels and criteria of completeness of educational motivation are defined. Keywords: model, motivation of educational activity, levels and criteria of completeness of educational motivation, current and academic progress | 1853 | |||||
| 3228 | In this paper the author argues anagrammatical functioning of antroponym Balna for topic modelling of separate texts as well as the whole epos about Balna. A substantial extralinguistic material of ethnological character is applied. | 1853 | |||||
| 3229 | In the article the author presents the analysis of the educational crisis in 1980–1990 years and the conception of modernization of it in the XXIst century. The role of the state is great in educational policy. Special attention is paid to distance and Internet education as well as to teachers training. Keywords: potential, crisis, reform, distance education, internet, ecological education | 1853 | |||||
| 3230 | The article is the result of extensive research and compilation of data on the history of the childcare facilities organization in Western Siberia during the Great Patriotic war. The statistical analysis of the number of institutions on areas and, in general, in Western Siberian region, considered the difficulties faced by society in dealing with the organization of the evacuated and local childcare centres during the war was carried out in the article. Keywords: children, child care, the Great Patriotic War | 1853 | |||||
| 3231 | The article deals with the process of formation and direction of the structure of continuous education around Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, as the centre of the Association “Continuous Vocational Education”, comprising 13 institutions of secondary vocational education and Yaroslavl region and the North of European Russia. Keywords: continuous education, higher education, vocational education, industrial training college, the association of educational institutions, system | 1853 | |||||
| 3232 | Humanistic approaches to learning based on relationship of the teacher and the student. The problem for the development of such approaches may be difficult to establish the atmosphere of a dialogue. his article analyses the ten-year study conducted in the Linguistic University, which reflects some of the features of interpersonal relations among teachers and students. According to the author, the results indicate changes in relation to the main subjects of training due to the increasing role of humanistic trend in the outlook of teachers. Keywords: humanistic outlook, interpersonal relationships of teachers and students, the dynamics of evaluation relations, pedagogical conflicts | 1853 | |||||
| 3233 | The QED ground state is studied for a four component Dirac fermion with the topological Chern-Simons term in 1+2 dimension. The Lagrangian for a massless Dirac fermion has the parity and the chiral symmetries. Spontaneous breaking of these symmetries can be found by evaluating the vacuum expectation values for fermion and anti-fermion pairs. We introduce approximate vertex functions and calculate the expectation values by solving the Schwinger-Dyson equation. We observe a smaller gauge dependence for the Ball-Chiu vertex function. Keywords: 1+2 dimensional QED, Schwinger-Dyson equation, Chern-Simons term | 1853 | |||||
| 3234 | The article analyzes the methods of representation of gender awareness of the women authors based on the novel by L. Ulitskaya “demonstrates the methods of their detection and systematization. Based on the analysis of different types of imagery and formed in the text of the novel aesthetic integrity makes an attempt to reconstruct the gender-oriented ethical concept of the author. Identified during the analysis techniques are representative of the “feminine” type letters, because they have the appropriate symbolic content. For example, the machismo manifests itself in the motif of the “cast”, “objective”, feminine declares itself by the motive of the special life “order”. Acting in the process of writing as the translators of the consciousness of the authoress, engaged in the search for her own identity and in the expression of her own social preferences, the revealed motifs also represent various gender behaviors. Thus, specifically manifested in the character of correlation of the signifier and signified complexes, male and female elements manifest themselves primarily in different value orientations in relation to reality. Keywords: gender, discourse, female subjectivity, ironic way, renomination, structure, feminine letter | 1853 | |||||
| 3235 | Afanasyeva A.S. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1997. Issue 1 (1). P. 40-44 . | 1852 | |||||
| 3236 | The article gives the basic ideas about the changes in a competitive world in connection with the spread of Information Technologies. | 1852 | |||||
| 3237 | This article introduces the typization of the intermound depressions of frost mound bogs, based on the long-term expeditionary studies. Also it gives the description of the different types of intermound depressions with their main hydrological characteristics. Keywords: frost mound bog, fen, hydrographic network, swamp microtopes, permafrost zone, intermound depressions | 1852 | |||||
| 3238 | In this article the linguistic analysis of the word-building unit “death” in Selkup dialects is performed. The author suggests that the word-building perfectly reflects cultural features of the concept “death.” Keywords: word-building, concept “death”, Selkup dialects | 1852 | |||||
| 3239 | In the article the topical problem of formation of gender culture at pupils of children’s home is considered. The collective of authors studying a gender problematic is presented, and also the concept of gender culture its psychological and pedagogical components are determined. On each component techniques, criteria and levels are certain, the analysis of the done work is presented. Keywords: gender, gender culture, education, formation of bases of gender culture, components, social determination, pupils of children’s home | 1852 | |||||
| 3240 | Basic properties of radiation of the atomic chains excited by a channeling particle are considered. Using a very simple two-dimensional model of a crystal lattice we have shown that the main part of this radiation is generated on the frequency of oscillations of a channeling particle between the crystal planes, shifted by the Doppler effect. Angular distribution of the radiation of the chain of oscillating atoms is sharply peaked in the direction of the velocity of channeling particle because of coherence of the fields, produced by individual atoms. Keywords: radiation, channeling particle, crystal lattice, angular distribution, coherence | 1852 | |||||
| 3241 | The main idea of younger generation education in Russia is the creation of common educational space on the basis of modernization of approaches, priorities and modern educational and psychological techniques. Special attention is given to spiritual and moral upbringing which has to integrate all the educational process: academic, non-academic and development works. Joint project venture of teachers and pupils of village schools is the most actual form of modern education in which parties of educational process are given an opportunity for the most complete selfactualization. Keywords: upbringing, educational process, academic, non-academic, development works | 1852 | |||||
| 3242 | In this article the teaching personnel among ethnic Belarusians and descendants from Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic who worked in Tomsk State Pedagogical Institute (TSPI) in 1930-ies – 1950-ies are being characterized according to the archives records. Their personal information and the number of teachers, their positions and departments they worked in are being determined; their professional occupation in TSPI is being described as well. Some brief biographical information is provided in the article. Keywords: Belarusians, higher education teaching personnel, Tomsk State Pedagogical Institute, history of Tomsk State Pedagogical University, records of TSPU archives | 1852 | |||||
| 3243 | This article examines the criteria identify “pathologically” altered states of consciousness (“mental and behavioural disorders”) from a variety of altered states of consciousness. It demonstrates the deficiency and the haziness of epistemic characteristics of pathologically altered states of consciousness, the social nature of the criteria characterizing the altered states of consciousness as a “mental disorder”, the role of value systems in the choice of the methodology of the pathologically altered states of consciousness. Keywords: consciousness, altered states of consciousness, pathologically altered states of consciousness, mental disorders, cognitive system | 1852 | |||||
| 3244 | The article presents a short description of the water objects of exploring territories. The majority of explored lakes are the old bed areas of the Uy River. The main body of the article is devoted to the exploration results of the flora and cenotic composition of vegetation cover of the Uy River Valley water objects. According to the data of geobotanic descriptions the list of water macrophytes groupings types for the Uy River Valley water objects was done. 17 out of 27 described associations of hydramacrophytes are cited for the territory of exploration the first time. Keywords: the Uy river; flora of hydromacrophytes; aquatic vegetation | 1852 | |||||
| 3245 | The possibility for classification of psychological theories of visual information perception are investigated with the aim to define the applicable limits for each approach. The perception of visual information is seen as part of the information process (generation, coding, storage, transfer of information, etc.). The information process interpreted within the context of post-non-classical paradigm (V. S. Stepin). This kind of perception interpretation corresponds to the methodology of information-synergetic approach developed by I. V. Melik-Gaykazyan. Therefore, the main theses and models of information- synergetic approach are chosen as bases for the classification of psychological theories of visual information perception. Some results of the of the RFBR project № 14-06-00440; of project no. 155 “Methodology of modeling of semiotic mechanisms of management of nonlinear dynamics educational systems” of the State assignment for Tomsk State Pedagogical University are presented. Keywords: visual information, perception of visual information, post-non-classical paradigm, synergetics, information-synergetic approach | 1852 | |||||
| 3246 | In Russia now the social policy concerning disabled people considerably improves. The special relevance is gained by the programs of development of disabled people’s complex medico-social rehabilitation. Complex rehabilitation increases the level of the host functionality, promotes recovery of the social communications lost because of chronic diseases. The social and pedagogical component of complex rehabilitation motivates chronic patients with violations of the motive sphere to daily occupations with adaptive physical culture. Work therapy as a means of adaptive physical culture can positively influence a social rehabilitations of persons with Parkinson disease. Parkinson’s disease is one of the reasons for invalidization and disability of mature agepersons. The main symptoms of a disease are motive violations and cognitive frustrations. The application of rational work therapy in a complex with pharmacotherapy, a dietotherapy, physiotreatment improves a psycho-functional state, household adaptation and socialization of patients with parkinsonism at late stages of disease. Keywords: work therapy, complex rehabilitation, Parkinson illness, adaptive physical culture, social adaptation | 1852 | |||||
| 3247 | This article discusses the issues of verbal representation of the regular mechanisms of symbol creation involving flora and fauna concepts. The research was done on the material of New Zealand and Australian varieties of the English language. The definition was given to the terms sphere of national symbols and sphere of flora and fauna concepts. The relations between the sphere of national symbols and the sphere of flora and fauna concepts were identified as partial intersection. Native flora and fauna concepts became a wide and essential cognitive base on which national symbols of Australia and New Zealand had been created. In both Australian and New Zealand worldviews the spheres of national symbols and flora and fauna concepts excessively overlap. National symbols were created as a result of mental processing the concepts of native Australian and New Zealand flora and fauna. The names of symbols in New Zealand English are mainly from the Polynesian language of Maori, and in Australian English national symbols have predominantly English names. The choice and nomination of national symbols reflect the difference in general cultural scenario of the New Zealand and Australian societies. Keywords: sphere of flora and fauna concepts, sphere of national symbols, symbol, symbol creation, worldview, New Zealand English, Australian English | 1852 | |||||
| 3248 | The paper focuses on national and cultural peculiarities of indirect euphemistic expressions in American English. The author suggests that euphemism is a strategic communicative device varying within and under the influence of the historic, socio and cultural linguistic context. The major emphasis of the article is the concept of “American football” as a means of understanding American cultural mind set and source of equivocal euphemistic vocabulary. The paper explores some American cultural traits and values (related to sports traditions and rules) that are deeply impressed in mind and influence language choice: individualism, high risks, strategic planning, obsession with technology, competitiveness, religious affiliation, nationalist beliefs and aggressive business behaviour. The article highlights the popularity of American football and sports in the USA that results in the corresponding euphemistic vocabulary generation. Some sports terms borrowed from American football get in general use and are widely employed in political rhetoric and everyday speech. Therefore, American euphemisms are believed to be a class of their own, principally because they involve American realia and appeal to basic American values, thus becoming challenging to decipher for outsiders and at the same time sounding familiar and picturesque to American English speakers. Accordingly, euphemisms under study provide cultural insight and bespeak cultural identity. Keywords: culture, indirect statement, euphemism, sports term, culture metaphor | 1852 | |||||
| 3249 | . | 1851 | |||||
| 3250 | The article is devoted to the problems of reception of A.P. Chekhov’s dramatic art in Germany in 70’s – 80’s of the XX century. This stage is inextricably related with P.Urban’s name – the German translator, publisher and the Slavic scholar contributed significantly to the point of comprehension and adoption of A.P. Chekhov’s drama heritage. His translations based on close perusal of the original and ability for delicate feeling of linguistic material, gave a new life to Chekhov’s plays, bringing them to the German reader, opening new opportunities for stage performance. The article gives a review on basic principles of P. Urban’s translation, which allowed him to keep in translation features of dramaturgic poetry style of Chekhov, simplicity and naturalness of the language of his plays, which translators of 60’s failed to succeed in many cases. | 1851 | |||||




