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| 5101 | The author of the article brings into a system and gives a detailed description of various types of regulative chains, based on repetition of identical lexical units widely used by K. Balmont to organize the cognitive activity of the reader on the level of an utterance. The presented type of lexical regulatives is considered as an important means of the cognition of the sense on the primary stage of the semantic development ofthe text as well as an ideostylistic peculiarity of the poet. | 1437 | |||||
| 5102 | Homogeneous blend of very fine TiC particles and of a phase such as of particles of NiTi alloy were consolidated to full density by sintering which was followed by rapid heating with formation of liquid phase. Fine particles of phases, were obtained by sintering with formation at relatively low temperatures. The alloys and composites obtained have a very fine micron/submicron scale homogeneous microstructure and high mechanical properties | 1437 | |||||
| 5103 | The article deals with the historical and theoretical problem of understanding and the birth development phenomenon of the department of general pedagogy and psychology – the titular department of the university. Keywords: education, history formation, higher education, department | 1437 | |||||
| 5104 | The formation of the centralized educational system in Russia in the 18th century caused the dissemination of ideason education leaders of the Reformation and the Enlightenment. The article deals with the humanistic ideas of Western thinkers and the ways of their distribution in Russia of the 18th century. Keywords: ideas of humanity, religious ideology, literacy level, West European thinkers, studying languages, genius Lomonosov, traditions in education | 1437 | |||||
| 5105 | The paper presents the analysis of correlation between such pedagogical categories as “competence” and “knowledge and skills”. The author shows the necessity of decomposing competences into knowledge and skills in a competence model of a specialist. It is defined that this decomposition reveals a clear logical link between the competences and the subjects of the curriculum. Keywords: the State Higher Educational Standards, competence, competence model of a specialist, decomposition of competences | 1437 | |||||
| 5106 | The renormalization of general gauge theories curved space-time backgrounds is considered within the Sp(2)-covariant quantization method. It is proven that gauge invariant and diffeomorphism invariant renormalizability to all orders in the loop expansion and the extended BRST symmetry after renormalization is preserved. Keywords: Extended BRST symmetry, Sp(2) quantization, general covariance, renormalization | 1437 | |||||
| 5107 | In the article the author justifies the effectiveness of realization in the educational process of the complex of organizing and pedagogical conditions while training future engineers on the basis of competence approach. It is done on the basis of mathematical statistics. The authors suggest the mentioned complex. Keywords: competence formation, criteria for assessment, levels of skills formation, pedagogical experiment, stages of experiment, results of the experiment | 1437 | |||||
| 5108 | The article pays attention to a psychological phenomenon of self-updating as to the highest level of motivation and harmony of the person with the own internal nature. Basic aspirations of the personality with which the set system of vital missions is connected are described. The results of empirical research of features of power of basic aspirations and extent of their realization are presented in the comparative plan in the conditions of various sociocultural settings of educational institutions: at students of professional college and comprehensive school. Keywords: motivational educations, self-updating, harmonization of the personality, power of basic aspirations, vital reference points, realization of internal and external opportunities | 1437 | |||||
| 5109 | One of the principal differences between the Federal state educational standard (FSES) of the second generation is its focus not only on achieving the subject learning outcomes. Requirements to results of development of the basic General educational programs include all groups of results: specific, interdisciplinary, personal. One of the tools to achieve these results are universal educational actions, the mastery of which, according to the Federal state educational standard is the most important task of education. The article considers the problem of formation of universal educational actions in the framework of a unified educational area “Mathematics and Informatics”. It is proposed to consider two types of universal educational actions: overlapping and complementary to each other. Keywords: Federal state educational standard, universal educational actions, mathematics, computer science | 1437 | |||||
| 5110 | The main idea of the article is to analyze the features of the functioning of verb predicates in description-portrait. There are 11 lexical-semantic groups (LSG) of non-active verb predicates verbalized the visual modality with meaning of 1. placement in space, 2. position predicates, 3. with semantic of the form of the object, 4. space borders predicates, 5. coverage of the subject, 6. spatial ratio of objects, 7. filling of space, 8. characteristic of the flat surface of the object, 9. direction in space, 10. location in space, 11. isolation based on light / color characteristics of the object. Description-portrait imposes certain restrictions on the use of non-active verb predicates of 11 LSG and predicates with intermodal meaning. The verb predicates that characterize the form of the object are the most frequent in the description-portrait. The predicates with semantics of placement in space, of the space filling and direction in space, as well as tactile and taste intermodal predicates are not productive in this thematic variety of description. Active verb predicates function in the context of a description-portrait with an invariant meaning of existence. As well as nonactive predicates, they are able to verbalize the spatial characteristics of description objects. Keywords: text of “description”, lexical model, description-portrait, verb predicate, classification of predicates | 1437 | |||||
| 5111 | Introduction. This article carries out the analysis of the ways the stylistic convergence is rendered from Russian into English. The phenomenon of convergence has been thoroughly studied neither by the stylistics as far as its speech implementation is concerned, nor by the theory of translation taking into account all the semantic, stylistic and pragmatic information expressed by the author by means of convergence that needs to be rendered in translation. Quite often, scientific research studies the problem of transferring a particular stylistic device rather than their converged group which obviously complicates the translator’s work. The problem thus stated is aimed at revealing the most effective translation strategy for rendering the stylistic convergence in the target text. Aim and objectives. The aim of the article is to single out and analyze the ways the convergence of stylistic means is rendered from the source language into the target language maintaining its pragmatic function. Material and methods. The material for the study is the novel “Anna Karenina“ by L. Tolstoy and its translation in English by Margaret Wettlin published by Progress Publishers in 1978. The object of the research is convergence of stylistic means, the subject is the ways of its transference from Russian into English. The basis of the methodology lies in the scientific and linguistic methods including the descriptive and comparative ones. Results and discussion. The research has shown that the complete transference of the convergence is rather rare due to the lexical and structural peculiarities of the two languages. Having analyzed 70 text units we have come to the conclusion that 24 % of them are those in which the stylistic convergence is preserved in the target text. The stylistic convergence is rendered by substituting or adding some of its components in 12 % and 17 % of units respectively. The most frequent (47 %) are the cases when some of the converged stylistic means of the source text are omitted in translation. As for the pragmatic functions of the stylistic convergence, they are in most cases retained in the target text enhancing or, on the contrary, weakening the stylistic effect of the original text. Conclusion. The article gives a short historical overview of studying stylistic convergence and covers its main interpretations. The analysis of the research material includes the study of stylistic means that form the stylistic convergence in the literary text, the comparative analysis of the text units containing the stylistic convergence both in the source text and in the target text. We revealed the most frequent ways of rendering the stylistic convergence from Russian into English. In addition, we analyzed the pragmatic functions of the stylistic convergence as well as the ways they can be retained in translation. Keywords: stylistic convergence, stylistic means, pragmatic functions, translation, the ways of rendering the stylistic convergence | 1437 | |||||
| 5112 | A.P. Chekhov’s last play is analyzed in comparison to his previous dramas and in a context of his late creativity. The comedy essence of «the Cherry garden» is connected with the refusal from the human principle of the outlook. The play is treated as a model of optimistic alternative of the tragical concept of the history. | 1436 | |||||
| 5113 | The article analyzes and determines the conditions and processes which cause specificity of national identification in Russia. The author addresses to the point of view of the western political philosophers on national identity in modern Russia. | 1436 | |||||
| 5114 | The process of economy market model perfection is based on the activation of innovative activity, embodiment of scientifically technical development results in manufacture, creation of new technological processes and reorganization on modern scientifically technical basis of all branches of goods production and sphere of service. During last twenty years the higher school all over the world is in a condition of seraching the adequate answer to “XXI Century questions”. The creation of innovative universities will allow to solve the problem of disbalance between demand for the basic products of universities activity and opportunities of universities | 1436 | |||||
| 5115 | The article is devoted to the problems of Additional Pedagogical Department’s foundation and development. These departments were a social movement and a powerful resource in upbringing of students all over the country at the beginning of the 60–80-s | 1436 | |||||
| 5116 | The article dwells upon the meaning of “informational and communicative competence”; the characteristics of information field of educational environment are considered as well. Keywords: information, communication, competence, information field, educational environment. | 1436 | |||||
| 5117 | The article deals with main aspects of analysis of the play “Mandate” by N. Erdman and the performance directed by V. Mejerhold by formal theatrical criticism in the 1920-s. We consider different estimations of the play and the performance. Keywords: formal theatrical criticism, “Mandate”, N. Erdman, V. Mejerhold, formal-content aspect of theatrical criticism | 1436 | |||||
| 5118 | The article provides research data revealing students’ attitudes to popular songs in English and reviews some aspects of developing a methodology for enhancing cognitive and communication skills based on this teaching means. Keywords: cognitive skills, communication skills, popular song | 1436 | |||||
| 5119 | The article contains analysis of the concepts of scientifi c-technical creativity to identify them in the metaphors of biological birth. The author argues that in the concepts of scientifi c-technical creativity elements are borrowed from an archaic understanding of how new biological birth. He attributes these elements as heritability, properties responsible for the creation of the creator, the impact of sociality and the periodicity of the creative process. Keywords: scientifi c-technical creativity, metaphors, the birth process | 1436 | |||||
| 5120 | Science, as result (actual opportunities of knowledge) and as process (scientifi c search) is studied in philosophical paradigm of the world of potential and actual opportunities. The problems of attitude, comprehension of the world, world outlook and assimilating of development of the cultural world correspond, according to the author's concept of sense formations, to four parameters N, B, G, A sense defi nitions. Essence of scientifi c object is the true knowledge, and the cultural world of science – system: the cultural of the scientifi c of search + culture of knowledge + assimilating of development. Keywords: science, knowledge, the cultural world, culture of science, sense of scientifi c of search, potential and actual opportunities | 1436 | |||||
| 5121 | In the paper the complex processes of interethnic relations harmonization due to equal educational rights of nationalities are revealed on the basis of literature sources and archives. Valuable historical experience of Soviets state authorities activity in Tomsk gubernia in 1920s in the field of the enlightenment of national minorities, school establishment for nationalities, teachers training is described. Keywords: national minorities, tolerance enlightenment, ethnic schools, interethnic relations, historical experience | 1436 | |||||
| 5122 | In the article we do the analysis of the quality management system. We show that the quality level is determined by managing actions upon the quality formation process. Besides, the continuum of the actions has quite a complicated structure. We work out the mathematical expressions that give the opportunity to describe these processes, to define the cumulative expenses structure when forming the managing actions, and also to classify the sources of their occurrence. The analysis of the sources of costs gives the opportunity to optimize the expenses in order to minimize them. Keywords: quality management, logistics, logistic analysis, continuum of managing actions, cumulative expenses | 1436 | |||||
| 5123 | The paper is devoted to origins, some directions, methods and first results of the state prohibition policy during the Perestroyka. The current study focuses on Tomsk and Tomsk region during the Perestroyka period. The archive materials of the Documentation Center for Contemporary History of Tomsk Region, as well as the information from the All-union, West Siberian and local periodicals provided the basis for the research. The paper reveals the most important state measures by Tomsk Communist and Komsomol leaders and the role of region periodicals as a major set of sources during the Perestroyka. Keywords: anti-alcohol campaign, the Perestroyka, youth policy, periodicals as a historical source, Tomsk and Tomsk Region in 1985 | 1436 | |||||
| 5124 | Proper names are language universals that exist in every language of the world. In this article we would like to analyze the proper names (artionyms) on the example of the names of French impressionists’ paintings. The purpose of this article is to compare a group of French and Russian artionyms and to find language and cultural tendencies appeared during their translation from one language into another. Artionym is a complex of different categories of proper names which have the denotation in mental, ideological and artistic sphere of human activity. Artionym is a complex of linguistic and cultural factors. The linguistic secularities connected with the fact that during the nomination of an art work the author uses special constructions (lexical, grammar) characteristic for a special language. The cultural aspect of an artionym is that the nomination, in our case of a painting, happens according to cultural and time peculiarities of a certain epoch. Keywords: proper name, artionym, nomination, painting, painting’s name, impressionists, translation | 1436 | |||||
| 5125 | The article substantiates the need for a project competence in teacher’s personal resource. It is noted that fixed in the federal state educational standard of higher education requirements for students’ project competencies involve the selection of adequate to the content of these requirements methods of pedagogical work on their formation. The paper reconstructs the experience of developing the project competence of philology students in the process of organizing educational events in the practice of collaboration between tertiary and secondary educational institutions. An empirical model of such interaction, the joint production of innovative developments, has been revealed using humanitarian research methods. Educational precedent gives grounds to say that the position exhibiting the project competence of students, can be formed in the active development of their content through educational events; means of formation of competence – participation in the trial-search activities of different content: educational-project in the framework of the lesson laboratory; design and research within the presentation at the conference. Keywords: project competence, interaction, educational event, joint production | 1436 | |||||
| 5126 | Study of traditional consciousness and peculiarities of popular culture bearers’ worldview on the material of textual dialect speech corpora is an urgent task of linguistic culturology and cognitive linguistics. Representative textual collections of everyday dialect speech only recently became a source of reconstruction of traditional worldview. The purpose of this work is a study of religious knowledge and ideas role and content in the worldview of dialect speakers. The analysis of religious subjects discourse fragments, picked out of a general speech flow, has shown that the religious component is a significant part of a general world picture and of popular culture bearers’ linguistic consciousness. Reflections on God, Christian saints, orthodox holidays and memorable dates of Church calendar, church services and rituals, religious writings, religious figures, trends and heterodox people, plots of Christian mythology occupy an important place in dialect speakers’ narratives. The notions of religious sphere often become the objects of dialect speakers’ reflection in their conversations with dialectologists. The religious subjects discourse fragments often contain such means expressing reflection as explanatory constructions, repetitions, periphrasis, generalizing (often evaluative) remarks, addresses to interlocutors with the purpose of checking up the degree of speech understanding, rhetoric questions. The communicative peculiarities of religious thematic fragments – increased metalinguistic reflection against a background of a feeble, in general, speech awareness of popular speech culture bearers – show that the elements of religious worldview are an important constituent part of dialect speakers’ cultural identity, occupying a central place in the popular tradition bearers’ value system. Keywords: traditional popular culture, dialect, world picture, language consciousness, metalinguistic reflection | 1436 | |||||
| 5127 | The article describes the strategy of professional training of a teacher-musician using modern audiovisual technologies. The characteristic of both traditional audiovisual means and technologies (different types of presentation, training, reference, creative computer programs using sound and image) and modern means functioning in a computer multimedia environment (digital (electronic) educational resources, music and computer training programs) is given. The advantages of using audiovisual technologies in solving a number of methodical tasks of the lesson are described: the development of a variety of methodological tools, differentiation of these methodological developments into groups of exercises. The expediency of the use of audiovisual technologies is also considered in terms of the formation of professional competencies of bachelors. The important technological functions of music and computer training programs are noted, namely their polyinstrumental format, the possibility of “immersion” of the child in the historical, artistic and emotional environment of musical culture due to sound material. It is shown how the technical capabilities of music and computer programs contribute to the immersion of the child in the process of musical creativity, create conditions for the activation of creative imagination, cause interest in the art of music. The examples of realization of the system of creative tasks in the creative-computer format are given. Keywords: audiovisual technologies, digital educational resources, music and computer training programs, interactive forms of learning, training of music teachers in the university | 1436 | |||||
| 5128 | . | 1435 | |||||
| 5129 | The article analyses volume, country, branch and regional structures of direct foreign investments into the economy of Russia. It suggests working out the strategy of attracting the investments into the produc¬tion sector of economy, which excludes discrimination of foreign companies. | 1435 | |||||
| 5130 | The article analyses the notion of different-age groups, methods of forming foreign education content in a different-age complement class. Keywords: different-age groups, complement classes, methods of forming foreign education content. | 1435 | |||||
| 5131 | In article the comparative aspect of development of the graphic and speech activity as sign-symbolical systems at children's age is considered. The comparative analysis of the generation of the sign-symbolical function at the senior preschool children with the general speech underdevelopment and the children with the normal speech development is carried out. The assumption of the use of symbolical possibilities of graphic activity in the correctional purposes for elimination of the general speech underdevelopment is stated. Keywords: graphic and speech activity, sign-symbolical system, isographic modeling, children with the general speech underdevelopment. | 1435 | |||||
| 5132 | The articles considers the essential characteristics of emotional concept as a didactic unit of the content of teaching a foreign language emotive communication. The article reveals the didactic potential of cognitive forms of representation of emotional concept in the formation and development of emotive competence at the lessons of foreign language. Keywords: emotional concept, emotional communication, emotional competence, emotional foreign world picture | 1435 | |||||
| 5133 | The article investigates the impact of non-traditional forms of teaching with the use of a psychological portrait of the student. The features of traditional and non-traditional forms of education are identified. The model of the business game as a non-traditional form of teaching that contributes to the development of creative abilities is suggested. The analysis of the division on the bases of the temperament type in the group is cariied out. The types of interaction in small groups, based on the types of temperament are considered. The analysis of the business game points that nontraditional classes can increase motivation to study and encourage the development of creative abilities. Keywords: form of classes, creative abilities, temperament | 1435 | |||||
| 5134 | Excursus into the history of the development of the concepts of “information” and “knowledge”, a comparative analysis of the key features and the phenomena themselves in the aspect of their influence on the model of education in the modern world can be useful both for students and for educators. Analyzing the contemporary philosophical and pedagogical literature the author raises an important for the future of the national education system question of correlation of the concepts of “information” and “knowledge”. Highlighting the main similarities and differences between “information” and “knowledge” the author talks about the consequences of the substitution of one concept to another one when we are talking about aims and values of education in the XXI century and discussing the features of the competency approach in the Information society or Society of knowledge. Keywords: education, information, knowledge, information society, society of knowledge, competence approach | 1435 | |||||
| 5135 | The abstract captures the essence of moral education of school-age children with mental retardation in a special (correctional) educational institution type VIII. In fact it starts with the arrival of the child in school and includes education of patriotism, love for the country, to its area, to mother nature; promote respect for labor of adults and children active participation in this work; education of sensitive, caring attitude towards people, as well as the necessary skills of behavior in society. Indicates specific features of formation of moral views of younger schoolchildren with mental retardation. We studied and described the features of moral ideas and musical perception of primary schoolchildren with mental retardation. We analyzed the potentialities of music as a means allowing to implement effectively the process of formation of moral representations of younger schoolchildren with mental retardation. Keywords: moral concepts, younger schoolchildren, mental retardation, music | 1435 | |||||
| 5136 | The article substantiates the relevance of the use of research activities for the development of intellectually gifted students. As the result of the comprehension of theoretical approaches to the concept of “research activities” its internal characteristics are distinguished and its efficiency in the development of intellectually gifted students is substantiated. On the basis of analysis of the definition “activity” it was found out that the most multifaceted with a large number of components is a research activity, which is the inner psychological condition for the development of an intellectually gifted student and causes the formation of his research position. Exploratory behavior is considered as an effective mean to modernize the process of development of the child’s personality in the process of selfdevelopment. Keywords: intellectual giftedness, research activities, cognitive need, search activity, research position, exploratory behavior | 1435 | |||||
| 5137 | The relevance of this study is due to the fact that the high level of speech activity ensures the establishment of positive interpersonal relationships of preschoolers with peers and the child’s occupation of a certain status position in the children’s collective. The author raises the question of comparative characteristics of speech activity of preschool children with different sociometric statuses. The article describes the criteria, indicators and levels of speech activity of preschool children, which are used in the organization of observations of children of different sociometric statuses in free play and organized joint activities. In particular, such criteria of speech activity as initiative, type of speech communication, speech motivation, content and emotional expressiveness are highlighted. The results of the experiment, for example, revealed a high level of speech activity in children with the status of “stars”, the middle and low level of speech. The detailed description of levels and characteristics of speech activity of preschool children with different sociometric statuses is given. Statistics of comparison of criteria, levels of speech activity of children with different sociometric statuses and explanation of such differences are presented. Thus, the study revealed differences between children with the status of “stars” and “isolated” according to the criteria of speech initiative, motivation and types of speech communication. Keywords: speech, activity, speech activity, socialization, interpersonal relations, sociometric status, preschool children, influence, group of peers | 1435 | |||||
| 5138 | Introduction. The difference between higher education and school education, which consists in a different content and conditions of the organization of the educational process, in the emergence of new social relations, often becomes the reason that the first-year student is not ready for the new conditions of study at the university. Along with psychological and physiological adaptation, researchers single out the academic (educational) adaptation of students, which can cause poor academic performance in various university disciplines. At the same time, we note that the initial (basic) training of students is practically not taken into account at the beginning of their studies at the university: the university program is not designed for very weak students. As a result, first-year students “adapt” to the peculiarities of educational activities (to new content, methods and means), but students also influence the educational environment of the university: the teacher has to look for new methodological approaches and more advanced teaching methods. As a result, adaptive training has emerged in universities, which is designed to eliminate the main reason for the poor academic performance of students due to the low initial preparation of the applicant. Successful integration into the core curriculum and successful mastery of the curriculum of the university discipline in the future is the main criterion for the effectiveness of adaptive learning. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe the nature of the phenomenon of “adaptation learning”, to eliminate ambiguity of this term, and to present its proper scientifically grounded definition. The materials and methods of the study are the method of content analysis of definitions, analysis and comparison, classification, formal-logical method of concept definition. Results and discussion. A brief description of the development of the didactic approach to the concept of “adaptation” is presented. An analysis of the definitions of adaptation education available in the literature (adaptation training, adaptation workshop, adaptation course, adaptation work) and concepts related, but not identical to it (corrective training, corrective course, alignment course) are made. The conducted content analysis revealed the diversity of researchers’ approaches to the issue and emphasizes the uncertainty and inconsistency. In this regard, the need for a definition that will adequately reflect the essential characteristics of the issue has been identified. The result of formal-logical definition: adaptation learning is the training of specialists having initially different level of competence formation (from zero to low), in order to achieve in a certain period of time the required basic level (minimum necessary) for further training. Thus, basically, it can be concluded that the study contributes to the development of the phenomenon. The identification of differentiating features made it possible to separate the concept of “adaptation learning” from similar concepts. The constructed definition can become the basis for determining the content and developing programs of adaptation courses in different disciplines studied in universities. Keywords: adaptation learning, adaptation to higher education, initial training of students, formal-logical method, training of highly qualified specialists | 1435 | |||||
| 5139 | . | 1434 | |||||
| 5140 | Types and characteristic features of environmental rent payments connected with mining operations are determined in the article. It is made with the account of existing legislation of Russian Federation. The author pointed out the shortcomings of legal rent control in environment paying. Possible ways of improvement the system of payments in environmental rent are offered. | 1434 | |||||
| 5141 | The sociocultural context of the origin of sex question for children in the Russian pedagogics is considered in the article. The author reveals educational and social tendencies which have influenced on the origin of sexual pedagogics and analyses the actualization of sex question in the pedagogues’ works of the beginning of the XX century. Keywords: sex question in school, sex education, sexual pedagogics | 1434 | |||||
| 5142 | The article considers general scheme of word formatting variation of lexical units related to a noun in the structural-and-substational framework. Binary oppositions of formal modifications existing in the German language are classified by considerable external differences in their components. Keywords: the modern German literature language, formal word variants, word binary oppositions related to a noun | 1434 | |||||
| 5143 | The article is devoted to solution – orientation the pupil of penitentiary establishment for works professions and developing professions skills on process teaching physics. At this article has the model professional orientation training to physics and results. Keywords: professional orientation, practical preparation, training to physics | 1434 | |||||
| 5144 | The publication examines the key borrowing of Russian culture in the heroic in the most important stage of the Russian aristocracy. On the example of Roman culture receptions set of “Roman valour” and mechanisms for its effect on the world outlook of Russian noblemen. Keywords: heroism, valour, reception, the aristocracy, the Roman valour | 1434 | |||||
| 5145 | The article views the lexeme ‘proverbial’ in the aspect of the language symbolism. Some examples demonstrate how this lexeme correlates with the proverbs, sayings, phraseological units and separate words that convey culturally significant information. Keywords: culturally significant information, paroemia, proverb, saying, phraseological unit, symbol, leхeme ‘proverbial’ | 1434 | |||||
| 5146 | The article involves analysis of wind categorization based on the dialect material of the Selkup language. The paper considers the role of wind in the worldview of Selkup ethnic group, relevant wind characteristics, classification of the kinds of wind, atmospheric phenomena connected with the wind. Keywords: the Selkup language, language worldview, categorization, conceptual feature, wind | 1434 | |||||
| 5147 | In the context of the modernization process in Germany the author deals with the change of social behaviour, including family relations. For this interpretation there was selected the scene of the Martin Luther’s marriage, who was the leader of the Reformation. Transformation of gender attitudes searched using polydiscipline analysis. Conclusion is about the forming of a new identity at the Early Modern Times. Keywords: polydiscipline analysis, modernization, identity, gender, Martin Luther | 1434 | |||||
| 5148 | The immense interest in metaphor has resulted in the emergence of a massive literature on the subject. From this academic interest in metaphor, a growing interest in metonymy has emerged over recent years, resulting in the formation of an impressive body of research, almost entirely from a cognitive linguistics perspective. The new works on metonymy show a consensus around a number of claims: that metonymy, like metaphor, is a conceptual phenomenon; that metonymy, like metaphor, plays a central role in conceptualization and communication; and that metonymy and metaphor can be identified as distinct, though related, phenomena. Metonymy is not just a type of language but reflects a significant form of human cognition. Metonymy differs from metaphor by the number of domains. In metaphor, there are two conceptual domains, and one thing is understood in terms of another. On the other hand, metonymy involves only one conceptual domain, in that the connection between two things is within the same domain, or within the same domain matrix. There are many types of metonymy and the least investigated of them is the relation between the metric system units and the means of inaccurate measures which can be used alternatively to indicate the space measurements within the same domain. Keywords: measure, metonymic shift, space measurements, distance, conceptual domain | 1434 | |||||
| 5149 | At the present stage of linguistic research the keen interest of linguists in studying of semantics and functioning of separate language units in the literary text, in particular, of units of lexical-semantic group of verbs of sounding is noted. In this article the lexical-semantic group of verbs of sounding on the material of poetic texts of Robert Rozhdestvensky is considered. On the basis of the vast body of procedural units, containing in this sense “sound”, an attempt is made to reveal the features of the use and functioning of sound verbs in R. Rozhdestvensky’s poetry, since the verbs of this group are the specific markers of the original manner of writing of Robert Rozhdestvensky, his poetic handwriting. Special attention is paid to the description of a semantic class of verbs of sounding, namely group of the verbs designating the sounds of inanimate nature made by inanimate objects and the person defining the place and a role of verbs of this lexico-semantic group in the poetic texts of Robert Rozhdestvensky. The material for the observations were the poetry of Robert Rozhdestvensky, poems of the different years of the poet, collected in a three parts collection of works, including the period of the poet’s creative activity from 1951 till 1985. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that the poetic language of Robert Rozhdestvensky has not yet been the subject of a special study. And the study of the lexical case of verbs of sound semantics will allow to establish the creative originality of Robert Rozhdestvensky, a feature of the manifestation of the language identity of the poet. Keywords: verbs of sounding, lexico-semantic group, semantics, sound vocabulary, procedural units | 1434 | |||||
| 5150 | Socialism is one of the key ideas that make up the socio-historical, philosophical and moral worldview of F. M. Dostoevsky in the 1860s – 1880s. The problem of “Dostoevsky and socialism” was posed by researchers already at the beginning of the 20th century, literary critics and philosophers noted the special attitude of the thinker to this system of society. As part of the study of Dostoevsky’s geopolitical ideas about Europe in the 1860s – 1881. it seems necessary and logical to study the problem of socialism in journalistic texts and letters of the thinker. The purpose of the article is to study and reconstruct the position of Dostoevsky in relation to socialism in the 1860s – 1881s. The material of the study was journalistic texts, notes, unfinished articles, letters from Dostoevsky in 1860–1881. The empirical base of the study was formed using the method of continuous sampling of the concept of “socialism”. The study uses biographical, cultural-historical, imagological methods. As part of the study, all available texts of the period under study, including the concept of “socialism”, were considered. As a result, it was revealed that in the 1860s – 1881 the problem of socialism was very relevant for Dostoevsky. The thinker discusses both European and Russian socialism, but first of all it is more important for him to understand the essence of socialism. European socialism, based on laws, requirements and science, according to Dostoevsky, leads to the destruction of the West. The writer formulates his understanding of socialism, contrasts the artificial construction of society (European or Western socialism) with love, morality, brotherhood (Russian socialism). The peculiarity of Dostoevsky’s socialist ideas is their identification with equality and social justice under the leadership of boundless sincere faith in the teachings of Christ. Since the 1860s Dostoevsky reflects on socialism and contrasts two definitions of this concept: the form of government and fraternal unity based on the moral feelings of society. Based on these definitions of socialism, he contrasts European (Western) socialism and Russian socialism. The writer was convinced of the possibility of implementing socialist theory to create a just social order, he believed that this could be achieved without revolutions, but thanks to the internal change of man and society. The chronological reconstruction of the writer’s position towards the socialism of the period under study helps to reveal the dynamics of changes in Dostoevsky’s views in this regard. Reflecting on socialism in Europe and Russia, the thinker turns to the problems of science, education, youth, writes about the activities of European leaders, the development of European states. Socialism turns out to be the connecting link of many questions that concern the thinker. Keywords: F. M. Dostoevsky, European socialism, Russian socialism, “Diary of a Writer” | 1434 | |||||