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# | Article | Downloads | |||||
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3701 | In this article the author deals with the problems of gathering, working over and sale of wildings, the ques¬tion of manufacturing and technical re-armament and the regime of factories' use that Work Over Wildings. | 996 | |||||
3702 | The main problems of cost defining in Russian en¬terprises in terms of development of a new economy are issued in this article. The author notes three pe¬riods of existing of special feature of cost forming. There is also a detailed description of the types of cost ana¬lysis at our enterprises with taking into account the ex¬perience of west firms. | 996 | |||||
3703 | This article surveys contemporary Russian thoughts about probability of civic society evolution in Russia and presents two different ways of solving this prob¬lem. The first way presents «anti-cultural» theories thatsay - civic society have to be formed by western pat¬terns. The second way is based on «cultural» theo¬ries. It was divided by two concepts. The representa¬tives of the first way deny ability of civic society evolu¬tion in Russia, because civic society is based on wes¬tern traditions. Others try to combine different points and say - civic society have to be based on western countries' experience maintaining own historical-cul¬tural peculiarities | 996 | |||||
3704 | The article is devoted to the analysis of views of D. Hume, W. Robertson, E. Gibbon on the problems of war and peace. The author pays primary attention to the fundamental works of «historical triumvirate of Britain». The beginning and futher development of Peace Studies can not be understood adequately without considering the historiographical tradition. | 996 | |||||
3705 | Joint action of active groups of gibberellins (GA) and brassinolide (BL) on growth and development of plants Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Landsberg erecta has been studied. It has been, that the presowing treatment of seeds the 10-9М BL reduced duration of phases of an ontogenesis of plants, accelerated growth vegetative and reproductive organs and increased seed production at plants of wild-type Ler and of mutant ga4-1. Exogenous BL in part compensated a lack endogenic GA1/4 at a mutant, enlarging the common length of shoots and restoring seed production of a mutant up to a level of wild-type. This effect might be connected with on account of augmentation of quantity of side shoots, quantities of pods, lengths of pods and quantities of seeds in pods | 996 | |||||
3706 | In the article the analytical survey of the current state and development prospects of labor-market and labor power in Russia is represented; the principal directions of modernization of Russian basic vocational education in the context of students’ training for professional and social adaptation in the labor-market are highlighted | 996 | |||||
3707 | The aim of the article is to clarify social and political standing of Daniel, the metropolitan of Moscow in the first half of 16th century. The author comes to conclusion that Daniel’s cooperation with state authorities was mainly induced and did not have a global character. Keywords: Russian state, the Russian Orthodox Church, history, 16th century | 996 | |||||
3708 | The article is about tolerance study as a multidimensional phenomenon, which plays an important role in the formation of university students` skills for effective social behavior, successful social-psychological adaptation to new conditions. The result of the research on the relationship of tolerance to such components as the personal ability to decentration, empathy, ways of behavior in the situations of social frustration and others are presented in this work on the example of university students. There are data of factorial analysis confirming that in the structure of relation of tolerance with different personal characteristics one of the leading place take the ability to decentration, which plays an important role in the formation of tolerant attitudes in consciousness. Keywords: tolerance, decentration, tolerant dispositions, tolerant models of behavior, social-psychological adaptation. | 996 | |||||
3709 | In article the approach in estimate knowledge which is productive during the present period when there is a transition on competence methods of training is considered. The method combining a traditional mark estimation of knowledge of pupils and an estimation subject competence of pupils on an example of studying physics is offered. Keywords: n estimation of knowledge, the competence of subjects, methods of training, elements of the analysis. | 996 | |||||
3710 | The category of deviation is expressed by some broad-meaning words with the root devia-. The semantics of the above-mentioned words may be made more specific by analyzing their contextual correlations with lingual units representing the concepts which are included in the field of deviation. These concepts form the hierarchical structure of the category of deviation, hyper-hyponym relations underlying this structure. Keywords: deviation, category, semantics, concept, lexeme, word-combination, phrase | 996 | |||||
3711 | The article is devoted to the diachronic study of verbal vocabulary based on the example of the complex analysis of verbal units, which compose the group of the verbs of travelling, journey and wandering of an object in an unlimited space in the contemporary English. The general meaning of the article is the classification of the verbs of travel, journey and wandering of an object in an unlimited space as the fundamental criterion of the isolation of semantic subgroups and the historic- etymological analysis of the lexical units of this subgroup in the system of historical evolution. Keywords: etymological characteristic, semantic characteristic, genesis, the semantic structure of the word, the verbs of travel, journey and wandering; gipersema, hyperonym, movement, giposema, a synonymic number, linguistic indicators, a comparative-historical me | 996 | |||||
3712 | The article presents multidimensional psychological research of the patients with the neurotic disorders, treated in neurosis and psychotherapy department of the institute named after V. M. Bekhterev during the thirty-year period (in comparison of the modern data with the previous years). The analysis of the dynamics of the separate individual typological characteristics of the patients with neurotic disorders, significant for understanding of their psychogenesis, and adaptation to stressful situation is presented. Keywords: neurotic disorders pathomorphology, psychological symptomatic profile of the patients with neurotic disorders, intrapersonal conflict, social psychological features of the patients with neurotic disorders, internal/ external focus, locus-control | 996 | |||||
3713 | The article is the result of lichens researches at carrying out of ecological monitoring of specially protected territories of Kemerovo region. Keywords: monitoring, specially protected territories, lichenoindication | 996 | |||||
3714 | The article describes the problem of the development of student cognitive activity defining professional formation of future specialists. The methods of activization of cognitive activities on the base of lessons “Public relations in the field of physical culture and sport” are presented. Keywords: cognitive activity, communicative practices, public relations, advertising, professional formation, means, methods | 996 | |||||
3715 | There have been analysed the main activity issues of professional learning communities as a strategy of teacher professional learning in the USA. The peculiarities, aims and tasks of professional learning communities have been defined. There have been substantiated the challenges of creating professional learning communities and their solutions. Keywords: professional learning communities, strategy of teacher professional learning | 996 | |||||
3716 | In this article we can see the application of Marxian and Weberian conceptions of estrangement for the description of the conditions of work and education in the USA in the 19th century. If in the Marxian conception the estrangement in capitalistic society increases permanently, then in Weberian conception the estrangement weakens by the increase of qualification and by the reformation labour ethics of “beruf”. However in case of the USA we can see what the estrangement was not weakened owing to reformation labour ethics of “beruf”, but owing to diversification of possibilities. The problem of estrangement is a problem of development of capitalism but it needs its own methodology. Keywords: estrangement, education, diversification of possibilities, colonization of new lands, USA, K. Marx, M. Weber | 996 | |||||
3717 | In the article on the basis of concrete actual and theoretical material are systematized and analysed stylisticsemantic peculiarities of the numeral “bir” one that forms synonymous and antonymous rows of nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs. The components of these rows are words formed from the numeral bir “one”. Keywords: bir “one”, numeral, synonymous, antonymous, nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs | 996 | |||||
3718 | The paper proposes a systematic analysis of the model of personalized and individualized training of educators; features of its design are revealed. Keywords: remote model of personalized and individualized training of educators; specifics of design and implementation of additional educational program | 996 | |||||
3719 | The article first describes the precedents of intermediate representation of the foreign-language author reception of translation on the example of the analysis of two German audio editions of S. Yesenin’s poetry of 2002 and 2003, in which selected poems are presented in the author’s reading, while their German equivalents are performed by translators and poets such as P. Celan (1920–1970) and A. Nitzberg (born in 1969). The first collection acquaints the listener with the image of S. Yesenin in direct adjunction to the individual style of P. Celan. In the second edition Yesenin acts as one of the representatives of Russian poetry, expressing the general literary tradition of the XX century. The authentic sound reproduction and the perception of originals and translations in audio collections allow us to speak about their high importance in a universal context of the reception of Yesenin’s heritage. Keywords: Intermediality, translation, reception, S. A. Yesenin, P. Celan, A. Nitzberg, audio collection | 996 | |||||
3720 | The article describes variability as the leading trend in the development of additional education of children in Russia. The specificity of additional education for children is based on the principles of variability and integrity of education, continuity, accessibility, personal determination, individualization, humanization, unity of training, education and development. Disclosed the possibility of additional education of children in the development of a selfdeveloping person in the conditions of modern educational paradigm. The article is based on the analysis of the requirements of a modern regulatory framework of additional education of children. The authors identify the role of additional education of children in creating conditions for socialization and individualization of personality, as well as the prevention of defects of socialization. Keywords: additional education of children, variability, individualization, self-development of personality, socialization defects | 996 | |||||
3721 | The article is devoted to the research of autobiographical miniature stories of the modern writer Angelika Sumbayeva. Classical works (M. Bakhtin, L. Ginzburg etc.) give the ideas of typological signs of poetics of autobiographical prose of the childhood which are observed in A. Sumbayeva’s prose: psychologism, retrospective view, lyrical modality of the narration caused by the attitude of the storyteller towards the hero. At the same time the volume of a miniature causes features of A. Sumbayeva’s prose: laconicism of descriptions, accuracy in selection of details; transfer of psychological state through nuance, details. The article alalyses in detail the cycle of the stories published in 2010 in the magazine for children “A Yellow Caterpillar” and built according to calendar chronology (winter, spring, summer). In miniature stories the features of art space come to light (including, the use of attributive features of the Siberian region, its climatic originality), functions of gesture, nuance, phrases in the transfer of a psychological portrait of characters, narrative techniques which form the author’s attitude towards the autobiographical character (for example, use of the narration in third person, but transfer of attitude of the child associating reality with the fantastic world through the direct speech). In miniatures there is an image of the natural world of Siberia in general, and the autobiographical image appears as typical, given in circumstances, recognizable, familiar to the Siberian reader. Miniatures of Angelica Sumbayeva recreate the world of childhood as a harmonious, open to the new, capable to take a miracle to transform the ordinary into the world of fairy tales. Keywords: children’s and youth literature, Siberian writers and poets, A. Sumbaeva, autobiographical prose about childhood | 996 | |||||
3722 | The article examines the role of explication of the evaluating attitude in the „star” interview. The evaluation category is an integral part of the linguistic view of the world. A man’s relation to the world and other people is the relation of active interaction with the world around and purposeful transformation of the world according to his values. The intentional features of “star” interview aimed at maximum disclosure of the interlocutor’s personality, as well as at the identification of his value conceptions are described in the work. The evaluation of the agent’s life experience and his social status form the basis for choosing value orientations – ideological, aesthetic, moral grounds for evaluating the world around. Therefore, it could be argued that the evaluation expresses the objective and subjective relation of the agent of speech to the designated one. The characteristic of structure and components of evaluation is given. The emotionalevaluative state of the agent requires special linguistic forms of his objectification. Examples of language verbalization of the evaluation in the “star” interview are given. The choice of the means depends on speaker’s interpretation of this or that fact and his evaluation of this or that object’s act. The research has shown that the modern language has a variety of phonetic, lexical, grammatical, phraseological means for adequate expression of the emotionally-valued relations to the agent of the utterance. As a rule, there is a close interaction of linguistic means of various levels. Keywords: “star” interview, evaluation, structure of evaluation, components of evaluation, the emotionalevaluative replies, language verbalization of the evaluation | 996 | |||||
3723 | The article provides practical examples of using an interdisciplinary approach to solving typical tasks in biology and new algorithmic approaches to determining the kinetic parameters of simple reactions in chemistry. It examines the appropriate methods to use the most common MS Excel toolkit to obtain more exact solutions of the considered tasks for the extended type values of the type of mathematical models of the desired parameters. Presents the teaching methods and practical examples of solving problems in the field of biology and chemistry which were implemented in the framework of an interdisciplinary approach, as well as their study of mathematics and computer science. The importance of interdisciplinary study with mathematical modeling of the processes that predict a change of state in biological and chemical systems is shown. These considerations contribute to the enhancement of knowledge and research, including when solving the problems by replacing numerical data with mathematical expressions. At the same time, problem analysis, solution methods, adequate assessment, visualization and interpretation of results are required. The presented practical approach effectively contributes to the implementation of the educational standard with the formation of graduates’ competencies, focused on the willingness to independently solve the research problems and self-development throughout the life. Keywords: interdisciplinary studying, pedagogical activity, practical methods, MS Excel spreadsheets, mathematical models, population dynamics, predator-prey model, physical chemistry, rate constant, reaction order | 996 | |||||
3724 | Manankova R. P. . // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1997. Issue 3 (3). P. 4-5 . | 995 | |||||
3725 | Some problems of a modern state of the theory of the molecule structures surveyed. The concepts about a method of molecular orbitals and most important parameters are given: electronic density, order of bonds, index of free valence. The possibilities of modern quantum-chemical calculations are shown. | 995 | |||||
3726 | The cultural - and educational direction seems to be one of the main trends in activities of museums. The forms of interactions of the Tomsk Museum of Regional Studies with higher educational institutions are given in the paper, namely: joint research, programs of lectures and excursions for students, or-ganization of museum practice, etc. | 995 | |||||
3727 | In the article education as a branch of national economy and its regional features are reviewed. This forms the basis for determining the specific character of the regional eco¬nomic interest in this sphere. | 995 | |||||
3728 | In the article the questions of the formation and re¬alization of the society's economic culture are accoun¬ted. The author considers the goals and tasks of eco¬nomic education in connection with the change of the economic scientific paradigm. | 995 | |||||
3729 | The article is devoted to the unsufficiently studied problem in German linguistics related to the choice of syntactic subordination in the quantitative word combinations with the second component expanded by an adjective (participle) Nquant+AdjN and eine Art +AdjN. The material analysed has shown that despite recommendations of classic grammar reference books to choose co-ordination as a type of subordination for the syntactic structure of these constructions, the genitive and prepositional subordination still exists and is the most widely used one. Moreover, the hypothesis that the syntactic organization of these constructions is determined by the grammatical characteristics of their components has been confirmed. | 995 | |||||
3730 | Lingo-cultural paradigm in the modern linguistics allows new insights into the language-culture relations. The paper deals with the youth culture analysis, concentrating on protest as one of the youth culture basic characteristics. Various manifestations of protest are studied on the basis of the names of contemporary British and American music bands. Thorough etymological, derivational, definitional, quantitative analyses of the group names as well as lingo-cultural commentary allowed investigating the forms youth protest takes. | 995 | |||||
3731 | The problem stated in this article is highly critical in our opinion. It is determined by the fact that currently the society is facing the situation when our young generation due to the absence of events positively influencing on them is included in the “life of robbery, violence and alcoholic abuse”, how terrible it could sound. At-risk children represent a serious danger. That’s why the author of the paper suggests solving the problem of children with deviant behavior through attracting them to physical and sports activities | 995 | |||||
3732 | The features of the training process of computer science teachers are considered in this article. The drawback is a low level of informative and technological components of the teachers’ professional training content. It is suggested to improve the basic fundamental training by incorporating new subjects by means of the regional component of the university. Computational geometry is one of such disciplines. This work covers a new approach to teaching of computational geometry foundations on the basis of the specific character of pedagogical education. The problems of computational geometry training in the conditions of a pedagogical university and the ways of their solving are analysed | 995 | |||||
3733 | The paragenetic structure of landscapes within physical-geographical (natural region) provinces of the plain part of Altay territory is described. The results of study of landscapes complexes view that it is characterized by paragenetic links between structures elements of landscapes causing by contrast of environments. Keywords: the principle of contrast, the type of terrain, paragenetic landscape | 995 | |||||
3734 | In author’s opinion on the ancient history of the Northwestern and central Northern Caucasus was closely linked with Indo-European migrations from Central Europe in the second half of the 3rd – beginning of the 2nd centuries B.C. The first migrants to this region consisted of the mixed groups of Indo-Europeans and non-Indo-Europeans that can be corresponded to the Tocharians (Afanasievo culture) and formed pre-Maikop cultural horizon with the horse-head scepters. The second stream of the European population that reached the Caucasus included the “Ancient Europeans” (AE – ancestors of the Slavs, the Germans, the Balts, the Celts, the Italics), and the Anatolians as well. The dolmens under the barrows in the Northwestern Caucasus were left by them. The archaeological equivalents of AE groups settled in the central part of the Northern Caucasus are the kurgan burials of the Kuban-Terek culture that dated from 3rd -2nd centuries BC. Thus the history of the Ancient Caucasus in 3rd century B.C can be regarded as a part of the IndoEuropean history of Europe. Keywords: Northern Caucasus, Eneolithic, horse-head scepters, Bronze Age, Novosvobodnaya-Klady dolmens, kurgan burials, Kuban-Terek culture of 3-2nd centuries., Indo-European homelands and migrations | 995 | |||||
3735 | The article presents main theoretical positions that characterize the phenomenon of management and teaching teams, conceptually grounded process of their formation and preparation for work in ungraded educational institutions. Keywords: Management and teaching teams, ungraded schools, modernization of education | 995 | |||||
3736 | Freedom is a value of universities over their history. But with modifi cation of functions and forms of universities, the elements of freedom also change. There is a danger of responsibility loss when freedom is reached as the absolute value. The author analyses historical forms of European and North American universities in whole and internationalisation of higher education in particular with a view to conception of positive and negative freedom and exposes necessity of moral or institutional restrictions. Keywords: university, negative freedom, positive freedom, internationalisation, responsibility | 995 | |||||
3737 | The article describes decay dynamics of dominant plant species in bog complexes of the south taiga subzone in West Siberia. On bog plant material decomposition has taken place during warm time of year when water table was low and oxygen passed easily in upper part of peat. Plant fractions are divided into two types in accordance of the character decay. Plant fractions are grouped in three groups relatively of rate decay. The maximum decay rate belongs to Menyanthes trifoliate L., the leaves and rhizomes losses are 80 % mass relatively initial value after two years of experiments. The roots and rhizomes of Eriophorum vaginatum L. decomposed slowly then other fractions; the losses were 20 % after two years of experiments. Sphagnum mosses were lost from 20 to 40 % of mass. Keywords: bog, West Siberia, decomposition, fractions of plant matter, sphagnum mosses | 995 | |||||
3738 | The article presents the results of the special pedagogical study developing upon totals of more general studies in the field of reasons of the transformation of philosophical images of science. The author clears up features of method of formation of the image of science appearing under the influence of existentialist criticism of scientific discourse. It was offered some arguments of the author’s variant of the teaching the relations between scientism and anti-scientism within the framework of course of philosophy. That variant is supported by the competency-based approach to training of students in the direction “Pedagogical education”. Keywords: existentialism, transformation of philosophical image of science, method of formation of the image of science, scientific discourse, scientism, anti-scientism | 995 | |||||
3739 | The results of first graders spatial and verbal reasoning components research and the interconnection between this and the mastering of school skills among elementary school children are presented in the artcle. The most sensitive to different learning disabilities turned out to be spatial reasoning tests. The verbal tests can provide additional information for the further prognosis of reading skills difficulties. Keywords: spatial reasoning, verbal reasoning, writing skills, calculation skills, reading skills, learning disability, tests prognostic capability | 995 | |||||
3740 | The article deals with the diversity of tree plants of the agrobiological station (ABS), Tomsk State Pedagogical University (TSPU) as of October 2012. There was presented taxonomic composition, chronological spectrum and other vital forms of trees ABS TSPU. Keywords: tree species, species diversity, life form, chorological analysis | 995 | |||||
3741 | The article defines the reading type that lies in the foundation of teaching senior secondary school students to read original German texts containing linguocultural, sociocultural, cultural and linguistic information. The author analyses the views of researchers considering the reading process from the perspective of psychology, linguistics and methodology. Special attention is given to reviewing the types of reading. This issue is one of the most theoretically developed, but not yet terminologically stable. The characteristics of “mature” and “immature” reading in the native and foreign languages are identified and described. As a result, on the basis of the conducted research, the type of reading most suitable for teaching to read the original texts is proposed, its characterization is given. Keywords: reading, types of reading, original texts, “mature” reading, “immature” reading, reading with full understanding | 995 | |||||
3742 | 995 | ||||||
3743 | Phraseological combinations, which have a rich variety of structure features are considered. As they consist of one, two or more components, the first can be in the different cases of the noun. In these expressions, the second component can be a noun and a verb. Furthermore, the second component has a primary use in the epos. The first component of the phraseology in the epos, mainly is a noun, but here and maybe use other parts of speech. Keywords: epos, two-component phraseological unit, «Koroghlu», verb, declension, abstraction | 995 | |||||
3744 | Discusses the development of ideas about gender and sexual education of children of preschool age in our country during the beginning of the 80’s to late 90-ies of XX century. This period is characterized by the weakening of the state power and reduction of ideological and social control. This has led to active penetration of foreign scientists’ ideas in the domestic pedagogical theory. The interest of the Soviet researchers to gender issues has increased. The education reform contributed to the implementation of preschool educational institutions alternative programs that have created positive conditions for the development and implementation of systems of sexual education of children of preschool age. Keywords: moral-sexual education, children of preschool age, gender, sex-role socialization, parents, family | 995 | |||||
3745 | There are the data of the study of rural students’ adaptation to studying at the university (in total – 252 people, of whom 144 – rural, 108 – urban students). The aim of the study was to determine the adaptive abilities to educational activity, motivation to learning and interpersonal interaction. It is revealed that the majority of rural students has less degree of adaptation to studying at universities. The article presents the description of pedagogical conditions for increasing the adaptation of rural students of the Far North to study at university. Realization of the program on the creation of pedagogical conditions for successful adaptation could reduce the number of rural students who faced difficulties in learning at 8 %. There was noticed a positive dynamics in the area of skills and abilities of learning activity (at 24 %). The intrinsic (positive) motivation of post-secondary studies also had positive dynamics (16 %), and communication skills increased by 16 %. Keywords: adaptation, rural student, adaptation program, pedagogical conditions | 995 | |||||
3746 | At present linguistics is connected very closely to cultural studies. A language is explored in connection with the history and culture of the people who speak the language. To study a language means not only just study a language but also to understand another people, nation and humankind as a whole. The article concerns the concept of “stone” in the Chinese linguaculture. The research is made with the data of linguistic experiment conducted in the city of Shenyang, PRC among native Chinese speakers. The respondents were found among teachers and students of Shenyang Polytechnic University, aged from 18 to 60 years old. The questions studied by the experiment concern with Chinese linguaculture, the image of stone and some set expressions of Chinese language which contain “stone”. The results of the experiment are depicted in the article. Keywords: linguaculture, Chinese linguaculture, stone’s image, set expression | 995 | |||||
3747 | The article deals with the problem of the specific character of the translator’s knowledge of language and culture. A review of the relevant literature has shown that translation is a unique mode of language use which is significantly different from ordinary communication in a foreign language. The author introduces the concept of “problem awareness” as one of the key characteristics of the translator’s lingua-cultural knowledge. Problem awareness is essential in translation which involves switching between languages. It is understood as the awareness of the linguistic factors causing breakdowns in code-switching in translation, as well as the ability to deal with such problems. These linguistic factors include idioms and proverbs/sayings, translator’s false friends, culture-specific concepts, geographical names and confusing words similar in form, meaning or use. Each linguistic factor is described and its ability to interfere with the process of code-switching is explained. Based on these facts a list of relevant skills and psychological characteristics is presented for each group of linguistic means. The author then provides guidelines for ensuring a targeted approach to the teaching of the above-mentioned linguistic means. These recommendations also include a description of the types of activities which are especially relevant in the context of teaching foreign languages to trainee translators. Keywords: translation, code-switching, translator’s false friends, culture-specific concepts, idioms | 995 | |||||
3748 | Introduction. A brief bibliography, the main milestones of the creative path of Vasily Shkvarkin are given. The history of the plays and publications of the play “Alien Child” is recreated. Aim and objectives. The purposes of this paper is to review the reactions of Soviet criticism to the performances of the comedy «Alien Child» by V. Shkvarkin and to study the meaning that the play had for Soviet dramaturgy of its time. Materials and research methods. The research methodology is based on the historical-typological and hermeneutic approaches. Results and discussion. The study revealed the significance of the role played by the play “Alien Child” in the development of the Soviet comedy. It is shown that the reviews published in the newspaper “Pravda” to a large extent determined further critical discussion of the comedy framework. Conclusion. The performances of «Alien Child» were a huge success with the audience and were hotly discussed in the press. Regional authors in their assessments, follow the text of a review by Rosenthal, published in the «Pravda» newspaper. The piece by Shkvarkin was one of the most important modern comedies, so the “Alien Child” was estimated in a press within the framework of soviet drama in general. The simplicity of the plot of «Alien Child» was perceived in a positive way. Shkvarkin’s play was rated as funny, “sincere” and “warm”. Most reviewers noted in the «Alien Child» both entertaining and moral-like functions. Shkvarkin’s comedy was perceived as a very confident and significant, if not without some flaws, a step towards the development of Soviet comedy. Criticism appreciated the optimistic picture of the future that inspired the audience to work hard for the sake of a happy tomorrow. The same few claims were made to it: some unsuccessful puns and several unfinished plot moves and characters. It was perceived as a very confident and significant, though not devoid of in general insignificant flaws, step towards the development of the Soviet comedy. The artistic merits of “Alien Child” led critics to speculations about the tasks of comedies in the Soviet state. Keywords: V. V. Shkvarkin, Soviet literature, comedy, Soviet dramaturgy, “Alien Child”, theater criticism | 995 | |||||
3749 | Introduction. During the last years of the last century the conceptual sphere “the world of plants” got the attention of linguists. In many of their works, linguists analyse phytometaphor in comparison between two languages. The purpose of this article is to describe the semantic-pragmatical use of phytometaphor in Shalamov’s work The Kolyma Tales and the possibility if its translation in the Italian language. Material and methods. By examining the Italian word “piantone” (orderly) this article focuses on the particular case in which there is not a phytometaphor in the original text but it is present in the translated text. The study proceeds with the analysis of the main characteristics of the figurative sense of this word in both languages and the translators’ motivation in the use of it. Results and discussion. One important feature of Shalamov’s prose is the use of anthropomorphic details in the description of nature. After analyzing the first cycle of stories, we can divide the author’s used phytometaphors into four categories: 1) plant products used as a kind of currency; 2) the external characteristics of a person; 3) likening plants to animals; 4) the internal characteristics of a person. It is important to underline, that in other cases phytometaphor is not used in the original text but it is used in the translated text. After the linguistic analysis of the material (Russian, Italian and French dictionaries and corpora) it is possible to say that the word “piantone” with the meaning of soldier is not an Italian national and specific word but is a calc from French. Conclusion. According to the detailed analysis of the dictionaries and considering the peculiarities of V. Shalamov’s artistic style, the author concludes that the use of this phytometaphor is in line with the general trend of the use of metaphorical vocabulary by V. Shalamov in The Kolyma Tales. Keywords: phytometaphor, phytonym, Shalamov, the Italian language, the Russian language, translation | 995 | |||||
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