| # | Article | Downloads | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2951 | The article is the result of comparative study of the non-canonical two-place predicates in Russian and Inkeri Finnish. The aim of the research was to reveal the board between transitive and intransitive structures of two-place predicates in both languages, to single out natural classes of predicates according to the way of marking their arguments and to fi nd the common semantic features of the members of these classes. Keywords: Inkeri Finnish, Russian, canonical two-place predicates, non-canonical two-place predicates, canonical transitive construction | 1953 | |||||
| 2952 | The article contains description of the Russian sign language expression markers of possibility and necessity. The Russian sign language modal forms are compared with modality expression in the Russian language. Keywords: Russian sign language, RSL, possibility, necessity, modality | 1953 | |||||
| 2953 | The philosophical concept of historical development created by Alexander Bogdanov (1873–1928) on the basis of general organizational science (tectology) laws is considered. The comparison of the Bogdanov’s concept with Hegel’s philosophy of history and historical materialism of Karl Marx is carried out; the strong and weak parties of the organizational method to an explanation of historical process are analyzed. The modern philosophy of «the end of history» developed by F. Fukuyama is criticized. Keywords: “the end of history”, philosophy of a history, development of a society, dialectics, Marxism, tectology, organizational laws. | 1953 | |||||
| 2954 | Modernization of the education system is defined in the concept of long-term social and economic development of the necessary condition for the formation of the innovation economy. The programme strategic development objectives in Siberia are identified in science, education and culture, in which Tomsk State Pedagogical University actively participates. The main focus of the university is in improving the quality of human capital for the implementation of key economic and social spheres in Siberia due to the integration of institutions of primary, secondary, higher vocational education and professional development. Keywords: modernization of the education system, program of social and economic development of Siberia, the integration of educational institutions, the system of continuous teacher education | 1953 | |||||
| 2955 | The article observes the problem of genesis of the concept of «nationalism» in culture. The following prerequisites of the genesis of the concept of nationalism are dentified: the formation of the concept «their», the concept «foreign», the emergence of the concept of the nation. It is concluded that the concept of multidimensionality of the nation and it is derived from the concept of nationalism, which accounts for the complexity of the definition of the concept in scientific discourse at the level of everyday consciousness. Keywords: nationalism, concept, concept of nationalism, concept «ours», concept «foreigner», nation, ethnicity, nationality, genesis | 1953 | |||||
| 2956 | The article deals with the notions of “empathy” and “cross-cultural empathy” which are viewed as the basis of cross-cultural understanding. The author outlines if it is necessary to distinguish between “cross-cultural empathy” and “empathy” as well as if the quality is inherent or acquired. The article also focuses on the importance of crosscultural empathy development in adolescence nowadays and what methods are appropriate for that. Keywords: empathy, cross-cultural empathy, adolescence, cross-cultural dialogue | 1953 | |||||
| 2957 | Training of competent specialists in HEIs who have abilities for self-fulfillment and self-actualization in their professional activities and who are balancing both personal and professional significant qualities is a strategic goal of the contemporary higher education. Today the problem of design and elaboration of the adaptive educational system is conditioned by the need to optimize and adjust the principles of traditional didactics to the challenges of contemporary information society: perfection of the content and the methods of education taking into account the universal application of information technologies; design of electronic educational environment providing the approach to the learning materials and the freedom of choice of methods, forms and assessment of the results. The article considers the issues connected with pedagogical design of the adaptive system for mathematical training of students of higher educational institutions. It gives a definition of a methodological approach, proves conceptual levels of methodological analysis: philosophical, general scientific, specific scientific, technological which form a complicated subordinate system. As a methodological framework of the research the authors consider in depth the ideas of system, synergetic, environmental, person-centered, competency building, activity, context, process, axiological, and cultural approaches. They elicited and described main functional and conceptual approaches which made a methodological foundation for the design and development of the adaptive system for mathematical training of HEI students. Keywords: mathematical training of students, adaptive system, methodological approaches, pedagogical design, educational process, higher education | 1953 | |||||
| 2958 | Introduction. In order to describe modern practices of verbal communication used in various spheres of personal and institutional communication, it is relevant to analyze communicative strategies and tactics carried out within the framework of discursive and pragmalinguistic studies of modern linguistic material. Internet communication provides a wide range of opportunities for the analysis of speech strategies within this type of discourse. The aim of the work is the analysis of verbal and nonverbal means of implementing the strategy of distrust in online comments on YouTube. Material and methods. The materials of the study are 43 comments to 14 videos about the German mobile application called “Die Corona-Warn-App”. The randomly selected comments were subjected to contextual, semantic and pragmalinguistic analysis. Results and discussion. We can define an online comment as a genre of public discussion, a multimedia phenomenon that functions as a sociocultural tool significantly contributing to shaping public opinion and as a means of linguistic construction of social reality. The speaker’s intention or attitude towards a certain object of reality is expressed with the help of various communication strategies and tactics. Taking into account the criterion “communication balance” we can distinguish two groups of communication strategies: cooperative and noncooperative (cooperation and confrontation strategies). Conclusion. Strategy of distrust is considered as an assertive communication strategy and is based on the evaluation criterion which differentiates the speaker’s attitude according to the “good-bad” scale. Thus, a speaker evaluates a certain event or an object on the basis of its relation to “normality”. By means of this strategy a speaker can express criticism and skepticism in relation to a particular event or phenomenon. This strategy includes a set of tactics: exaggeration, intimidation, allusions, ridicule etc. In online comments strategy of distrust is expressed by various verbal and nonverbal means which can be used both separately and in certain combinations. Examples of verbal means include allusions to negative historical and social phenomena, words with negative connotation, obscene language and various stylistic devices that emphasize the negative attitude of commenters towards the topic. Nonverbal means include capitalization, excessive use of exclamation marks and emojis. Keywords: internet discourse, online comment, communication strategies and tactics, strategy of distrust, verbal and nonverbal means, the German language | 1953 | |||||
| 2959 | Kalinin I.B. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 3 (12). P. 37-38 . | 1952 | |||||
| 2960 | Neopredelen N.N. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2000. Issue 4 (20). P. 45-46 . | 1952 | |||||
| 2961 | The article suggests the results of comparative analysis of modern means of programming (programming languages, SCDB, CASE means). The expert estimation of these means opportunities and speed of their development is given. The characteristic features of adaptive training in the field of programming are enumerated. The principles of creation of corresponding methodical provision are formulated: system types, classification on specialization of software and levels of their studying, self-sufficiency (a case provision), development, modality. | 1952 | |||||
| 2962 | We review the recent attempts of unifying inflation with quintessence. It appears natural to join the two ends in the framework of brane world cosmology. The models of quintessential inflation belong to the class of non-oscillatory models for which the mechanism of conventional reheating does not work. Reheating through gravitational particle production is inefficient and leads to the excessive production of relic gravity waves which results in the violation of nucleosynthesis constraint. The mechanism of "Instant preheating" is quite efficient and is suitable for brane world quintessential inflation. The mode! is shown to be free from the problem of excessive production of gravity waves. The prospects of Gauss-Bonnet brane world inflation are also briefly indicated. | 1952 | |||||
| 2963 | The article is devoted to reasoning investigations’ urgency of social and cultural aspects of technical creation. Substantiation logic is based on the technical activity evolution analysis and some specific features of Russia historical development. The article presents not only substantiation of necessity and timeliness of social and cultural aspects of technical creation study but also plans methodological guiding lines which open the possibilities of such investigations. | 1952 | |||||
| 2964 | This article describes the dynamics of general education in the West Siberian educational district at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the XX centuries. It shows the analysis of state primary and secondary education, and it also presents statistical data. Keywords: primary education, secondary education, Western Siberia educational district | 1952 | |||||
| 2965 | The paper deals with morphological means of expression of unreal modality in Nenets, their functional distribution in modern Nenets and their probable diachronic evolution. Keywords: Nenets, verb morphology, modality | 1952 | |||||
| 2966 | The article contains explanation of theoretical and practical importance of linguistic and cultural competence for generation of language person of a schoolchild in connection with competence approach to up-to-date teaching the Russian language. The connection of linguistic and cultural competence with communicative, linguistic and language competence with a glance of achievements in Russian, linguistic and cultural, cognitive linguistic and communicative stylistics of a text teaching is examined. Keywords: language teaching methodology, competence approach, language, culture, language person, text, linguistic and cultural competence | 1952 | |||||
| 2967 | The article deals with the rhetorical strategies of the argumentative orientation, implemented in the presidential discourse of V. V. Putin and D. A. Medvedev. The empirical material is the texts of Russian President's speech at the press conferences of 2010–2012. Press conference is a synthetic genre which combined declamatory monologue and public dialogue, as well as in their entirety exhibit features of idiolexicon and idiostyle and linguistic identity politics. There is a high degree of functional loading of the texts of this sort: through policy statements there is the opportunity not just to appeal to both the international community and to its citizens, but also to influence their audience. Political discourse can be considered today as one of the most important objects of analysis in linguistics. Argumentative political activity is defined as the basis of speech influence and the main means of achieving the objectives in the process of communicating with mass audience. The research was carried out within the framework of traditions of rhetorical argumentation. On specific text examples, are considered the methods by means of which are represented the rhetorical argumentative strategies of different types. The author comes to the conclusion that there are similar and different features of idiostyle and idiolexicon of the analyzed linguistic personalities exhibited by them in the framework of media discourse. Keywords: argumentation, rhetorical argumentation, rhetorical strategy, political communication, presidential discourse | 1952 | |||||
| 2968 | The establishment of an information society led to the massive use of modern gadgets and led to the fact that children have difficulty in direct communication, adaptation, especially in an unfamiliar environment, as well as contributes to the deterioration of children’s health, due to sedentary lifestyles. The leading role in the process of formation of the valuable relation to the world, to himself and to other people belongs to a secondary school. In the modern educational space to solve these problems optimally is possible not separately within the institution, but in the form of networking. Stakeholders create social and educational environment for a more successful social adaptation of the individual student. One of the effective means that children get from tourism and regional studies is the socialization and preservation of health. The authors present the mechanism of leading educational institutions’ networking: Municipal autonomous educational institution of secondary school number 28 in Tomsk and municipal budgetary educational institution of additional education of childhood and youth house “Our harbor” Tomsk. As part of the networking was created an innovative platform of municipal tourist and regional studies, which is being implemented under the conditions of socio-pedagogical project “Formation of socially-adapted person taught with the help of the tourist and local lore activity in conditions of an integrated socio-educational developing environment of general and supplementary education”. We present two authors’ models: the model of socio-educational developing environment for the formation of socially-adapted person enrolled in the secondary school № 28 and childhood and youth house “Our Harbour” and the model of formation of socially-adapted person in the conditions of socio-educational developing environment. The article also puts forward a system of monitoring research. Keywords: networking, socio-pedagogical project, extracurricular activities, tourist and regional studies, integrated developing environment, model of educational environment, model of social adaptation of personality | 1952 | |||||
| 2969 | . | 1951 | |||||
| 2970 | Dmitriyenko V.A. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 1 (4). P. 90-104 . | 1951 | |||||
| 2971 | The article is devoted to the problems of reception of A.P. Chekhov’s dramatic art in Germany in 70’s – 80’s of the XX century. This stage is inextricably related with P.Urban’s name – the German translator, publisher and the Slavic scholar contributed significantly to the point of comprehension and adoption of A.P. Chekhov’s drama heritage. His translations based on close perusal of the original and ability for delicate feeling of linguistic material, gave a new life to Chekhov’s plays, bringing them to the German reader, opening new opportunities for stage performance. The article gives a review on basic principles of P. Urban’s translation, which allowed him to keep in translation features of dramaturgic poetry style of Chekhov, simplicity and naturalness of the language of his plays, which translators of 60’s failed to succeed in many cases. | 1951 | |||||
| 2972 | During research of complex multifactor processes in which the main target parameter is influenced with set of factors, the theory of planning of experiment is applied. Thus values of factors are fixed in both parties from nominal value with the certain interval of a variation. We offer algorithm and the program of processing of arrays of factors with any deviations from the nominal value, received during experiment. The original approaches developed earlier are put in a basis. The specified pro¬gram can be used while optimization of physical, techni¬cal, economic and social processes. | 1951 | |||||
| 2973 | The article discusses the problems that are connected with the revision of epistemological principals in the contemporary philosophy. Trends that form new concept of cognition: antysubstantionalism, antyfoundamentalism, pluralism are analysed. The article shows that non-classical approaches do not deny traditional epistemology but supplement it. The foundation of such interaction is communicative ontology. Communication is presented as united principle in modern conditions when reality becomes pluralistic and heterogeneous. | 1951 | |||||
| 2974 | The article actualizes the methodological problem of festival phenomenon conceptualization in the culture and describes the experience of its integral model reconstruction. | 1951 | |||||
| 2975 | The article is devoted to use regulation skills and components of self-control with a view of increase of readiness of pedagogical university students to realization of professional work. In the given research the approach, developed in the laboratory of the Russian Open Society, is used. The author of that method is academician Konopkin O. A., The author proves that under condition of formation of self-control there develops professionalism. Keywords: conscious self-control, pedagogical activity, pedagogical interaction, professionalism, regular skills | 1951 | |||||
| 2976 | The article explores I.I. Kozlov's «assumed» translated texts as a specific adaptation translation genre of English lyrical works to the Russian poetic reality. There have been analyzed the adaptation mechanisms which allowed longterm functioning of some of his translations in the national Russian literature as original Russian texts. Keywords: Romantic poetic translation, «assumed» translated texts, adaptive translations, genres of translation, genre russification | 1951 | |||||
| 2977 | The article deals with the peculiarities of informative speech genres in discourse of ordinary personality. The main arts of messages are defined, which convert the gist of these genres. The generalization of signs of use of informative genres in the text body of German language personality is given. Keywords: German folk-spoken discourse, ordinary language personality, informative speech genres. | 1951 | |||||
| 2978 | In the article, art and museum activities were analyzed with resort to the methodology proposed by M. S. Kagan. It is disclosed that these activities are in complete identity as for communicative interaction. This allows using the methodology to develop models of museum communication, applied to the museum of all profiles. Keywords: communication, communicative function of Arts, artistic activities, museum as communicative system | 1951 | |||||
| 2979 | The main idea of younger generation education in Russia is the creation of common educational space on the basis of modernization of approaches, priorities and modern educational and psychological techniques. Special attention is given to spiritual and moral upbringing which has to integrate all the educational process: academic, non-academic and development works. Joint project venture of teachers and pupils of village schools is the most actual form of modern education in which parties of educational process are given an opportunity for the most complete selfactualization. Keywords: upbringing, educational process, academic, non-academic, development works | 1951 | |||||
| 2980 | The article accounts for the choice of research subject with the reference to the works of Russian and foreign scientists and it highlights the results of the conducted research. It explains the process of disturbed social cognition in schizophrenia patients and shows how social cognition impairment can result in social functioning defi cits. Keywords: social cognition, impairment in social cognition, schizophrenia, positive and negative symptoms, social anhedonia, social functioning, reduction in social functioning | 1951 | |||||
| 2981 | The article analyses the relation between metaphysics and ethics in the stoic philosophy. The author shows the dependence of the theory of suicide on fundamental ideas about the nature of the cosmos. The thesis of subordination of individual existence to principles of the global process leads eventually to the adoption of self-destructive programme in the individual life. The ethics of stoicism is not able to really oppose the person to circumstances. Therefore it inevitably reduces the individual activity to meet the requirements of the “state of affairs” – until the termination of their own lives in those cases, when it is the “state of affairs” will be read by sage as the terminal prescription of natural logos. Keywords: philosophical anthropology, stoicism, wisdom, nature, ethics, suicide | 1951 | |||||
| 2982 | Golovchiner V.E. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1997. Issue 2 (2). P. 33-40 . | 1950 | |||||
| 2983 | The reviewer points out that the author of the work is cardinally revising the boundaries and the essense of the notion «epic dramas. She is giving the first systematic investigation within the framework of the Russian tradition to dramas thoroughly forgotten (by S. Tretjakov), quite new (by G Gorm, O. Brodsky, B, Aksjenov, V, Maksimov) and well known, which former interpretation cannot be accepted nowadays (by M. Gorky, К Trenev) | 1950 | |||||
| 2984 | The author of the article makes an attempt to prove that the true characters of Zabolotsky's poem are nei¬ther elements of nature, nor Gods of the antique Panthe¬on, but two great poets of the XIX and XX centuries Fjodor Tjutchev and Velimir Khlebnikov and co-opposing paradigms of their poetical languages. | 1950 | |||||
| 2985 | The authors of the article, basing on the expe¬rience of Polish educators (basic professional schools, lyceums, post-lyceum education) suggest the concrete recommendations to the solution of the problem of employment taking into consideration the modern de-mographical and socio-cuitural situation. | 1950 | |||||
| 2986 | Asoyan A.A. -. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2004. Issue 3 (40). P. 129-121 - | 1950 | |||||
| 2987 | The issues of historical development of musical education in Tomsk since the midst to the end of the nineteenth century are disclosed in the article. The main focus is made on the analysis of their rote of clerical and secular educational institutions. Some of the data are published for the first time. On the basis of studying published and archive materials the conclusion is made on the significant input of Tomsk elementary and secondary educational establishments into developing musical culture in the city. | 1950 | |||||
| 2988 | The effects of a nonsimpiy connected spacetime with the topology of S1 x R3 in the vacua of QED and gauged-NJL theories are investigated. It is shown that the polarization effects of twisted and untwisted fermions in QED are equivalent, once the corresponding stable vacuum solution of each fermion class is taken into account. The photon propagation in QED is found to be anisotropic and characterized by several massive photon modes and a superluminal transverse mode. At small compactification radius the masses of the massive modes increase as the inverse of the radius, while the massless photon mode has a superluminal velocity that increases logarithmically with that distance. At low energies the photon masses lead to an effective confinement of the gauge fields into a (2+i)-dimensional manifold transverse to the compactified direction. In the gauged-NJL model, it is shown that for both twisted and untwisted fermions, the smaller the compactification radius, the larger the critical four-fermion coupling needed to generate a fermion-antifermion chiral symmetry breaking condensate. | 1950 | |||||
| 2989 | The author research the social and psychological factors that determine violent juvenile delinquency. Among them: negative influence of the environment, violence to the juvenile, disadvantages in the educational institutions and leisure centers for children. | 1950 | |||||
| 2990 | The epoch of computer technologies brings new opportunities of linguistic investigation of fiction. Computer selection of linguistic units greatly accelerates processing of the material and provides mathematically accurate data. The opportunity of analyzing massive texts allows a diachronic investigation of linguistic units in a fiction text. Application of computer methods to linguistic analysis of a piece of fiction gives additional information for the description of author’s style, characters and idea. | 1950 | |||||
| 2991 | The complex model of HKE for children in sanatorium classes of comprehensive school has got a specific difference from the previous models, because it satisfies the specific educational needs for children with weak health (bronchial asthma), health keeping and strengthening with high educational results such as training level, general and high-quality school results. Besides this model develops the culture of pupils to take care of their own health. The collaboration of teachers, psychologists, physicians and parents provides the effective health support for children in sanatorium classes of comprehensive schools. Keywords: health keeping education, sanatorium classes, health keeping area, area of personal development of pupils, the complex of diagnostical medical and sanitation measures | 1950 | |||||
| 2992 | The article presents characteristic of projecting of competent-oriented andragogy program, the principles of them realization. Didactic mechanisms, which are providing supply formation the position of employer as the subject of additional professional education, are discussed. The author shows specific character educational interaction in andragogy process using. Keywords: additional professional education, competence-oriented andragogycal program, educational interaction, polysubjekt, employer. | 1950 | |||||
| 2993 | One of the most important tools of pedagogical action is a facial expression of the teacher. There are many recommendations “a facial expressions of the teacher-high-class”, which based on the life experiences of the great educators and psychologists. The discussed method provides an opportunity for each teacher with based on the collective thinking a student’s to individualize facial expressions the teachers, to eliminate its average level. The purpose of method is a positive perception by student’s activities teaching to raise interest in the learning process. Keywords: methods teachers, a facial expression of the teacher, the collective thinking a student’s | 1950 | |||||
| 2994 | The paper defends the thesis that analysis of truth problem in the context of interpretations of quantum logic allows to come to more general problem of the coherence between the scope of quantum mechanical and quantum logical studies on the basis of principle of the indiscernibility of identicals entered by G. Leibnitz and developed by S. Kripke. At the same time it’s revealed the prospect of elicitation of specifics of the relations between quantum mechanics and quantum logic in a context of modal expansions of quantum logic. Keywords: principle of the indiscernibility of identical, quantum logic, model, interpretation | 1950 | |||||
| 2995 | Results of research of personal characteristics of psychological readiness for research activity at beginning scientists are shown. The qualities that are a reference point for professional and personal development of beginning scientists are revealed. The importance of distinctions between respondents with various degree of an involvement into research activities for such personal characteristics, as responsibility, accuracy, self-checking, persistence, foresight, sociability and emotional stability is empirically proved. Keywords: psychological readiness, research activity, self-assessment, personal features | 1950 | |||||
| 2996 | Linguistic means of presentation of taste sense modality in B. Pasternak’s poetry at lexical and syntactic levels are considered in this article. It also touches upon such subjects as perceptual metaphors and synesthethic combinations with taste basis. A part of studied linguistic units in formation of images is defined. Keywords: perception, taste sense modality, synesthethic metaphor | 1950 | |||||
| 2997 | With reference to the comparative cage study of the short story by Th. Storm and the story by I. S. Turgenev conclusions about similarities and differences of the writers’ manner were drawn. It was also said about the formation of the critical realism in Russian and German literature and the influence of Turgenev’s creative work on German literature of the second half of the XIX century. Keywords: Th. Storm, I. S. Turgenev, the short story “From Over the Sea”, the story “Asya”, Russian literature of 1860s, German literature of 1860s, realism, Russian-German literary relations, comparative cage study, typology of writers’ method | 1950 | |||||
| 2998 | The creative works of the Tomsk rock leader of the late 1980s – early 1990s V. Shestakov are considered in the given article in order to describe the lingvo-cultural originality of the regional infosfer. The poet’s discourse is seen in the aspect of the reflection of Siberian punk subculture in it. Born in the years of perestroika, the Siberian punk embodied in poetic texts own tragic vision of the social reality of the USSR in transition and clearly outlined protest not only against the official ideology, but also against the absurdity of the world order as a whole. A striking example of Tomsk Siberian punk version was the creation of the group “Children of Obrub” and its leader Viktor Shestakov, in whose poetry such traits as hypertrophic nihilism, pessimism, nonconformism, and acute social orientation are embodied. These features are characteristic of Siberian punk subculture as a whole, they originally refracted in a peculiar system of symbols and images inherent idiostile of creative language personality of Tomsk rock poet. Keywords: regional infosphere, creative linguistic personality, Siberian punk subculture | 1950 | |||||
| 2999 | The problem of improvement of forms of diagnostics and control of knowledge, abilities, skills, practical experience of the students of specialised secondary educational institutions under the introduction of federal state educational standards in educational practice is considered. The propaedeutic flow chart developed by authors allows to carry out stage-by-stage tracking of the concrete achievements which are trained and to determine the level of formation of common cultural and professional competences of students on all the way of development of the maintenance of a subject. Schematically this technology represents a set of four stages of didactic process from initial perception of theoretical knowledge and before their practical application. Each stage is estimated on a mark scale. The maximum number of points which the student can get on the sum of all stages makes hundred. The peculiarity of the offered development work is that it contains the level and criteria monitoring system: in a projection to the component structure of professional competences revealed by authors (cognitive, activity, motivational and valuable, communicative) to each level (from the 1st to the 3rd) achievements of results of training there corresponds the developed parameter of estimation of structure and quality of the carried-out operations, their sensibleness, completeness and curtness. Thus, the process of step formation of professional competences of students from simple to the difficult – assumes improvement of quality of educational experience. Keywords: professional education, technological card, results of training, diagnostic tools | 1950 | |||||
| 3000 | The aim of the publication is a research of the merchant class staff of the Steppe region cities, the dynamics of the number of merchants in the guilds both in the whole of North-East Kazakhstan, and in certain cities of the region in the second half of the XIX and early XX centuries. The main research sources are the documents of the Central state archive of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the State archive of Omsk Region. The author of the article studied the demographic development and the number of entrepreneurs of the Steppe region cities in the second half of the XIX and early XX centuries. A comprehensive comparative analysis has been done to identify the causes of quantitative changes of merchants and certain categories of the population in the major cities of the Steppe region as Petropavlovsk, Akmola, Semipalatinsk, Ust-Kamenogorsk and Pavlodar. Despite the difficulties in working with statistics and contradictions in it, the author reveals the quantitative and qualitative changes in the structure of the merchant class, as well as general trends in the formation of regional dealers and traces the emergence of the local merchant class in the cities and regions of the Steppe region. These statistics can be used in scientific research, the search of materials for scientific articles related to the demographic development of the merchant class not only in the north-eastern Kazakhstan but also in the history of Russian business, which are included in the process of building a modern management of sector model of the economy and the formation of infrastructure of the given territories, developing the region’s development strategy. The results of this study make it possible to introduce adjustments to some other research, and thus to increase the accuracy of the scientific data in the study of demographic processes in the major cities of the Steppe regions in the second half of the XIX and early XX centuries. Keywords: Steppe, merchants, Guild, cities, transit trade, capital, certificate | 1950 | |||||