| # | Article | Downloads | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3001 | The epoch of computer technologies brings new opportunities of linguistic investigation of fiction. Computer selection of linguistic units greatly accelerates processing of the material and provides mathematically accurate data. The opportunity of analyzing massive texts allows a diachronic investigation of linguistic units in a fiction text. Application of computer methods to linguistic analysis of a piece of fiction gives additional information for the description of author’s style, characters and idea. | 1950 | |||||
| 3002 | The article presents characteristic of projecting of competent-oriented andragogy program, the principles of them realization. Didactic mechanisms, which are providing supply formation the position of employer as the subject of additional professional education, are discussed. The author shows specific character educational interaction in andragogy process using. Keywords: additional professional education, competence-oriented andragogycal program, educational interaction, polysubjekt, employer. | 1950 | |||||
| 3003 | The paper defends the thesis that analysis of truth problem in the context of interpretations of quantum logic allows to come to more general problem of the coherence between the scope of quantum mechanical and quantum logical studies on the basis of principle of the indiscernibility of identicals entered by G. Leibnitz and developed by S. Kripke. At the same time it’s revealed the prospect of elicitation of specifics of the relations between quantum mechanics and quantum logic in a context of modal expansions of quantum logic. Keywords: principle of the indiscernibility of identical, quantum logic, model, interpretation | 1950 | |||||
| 3004 | Linguistic means of presentation of taste sense modality in B. Pasternak’s poetry at lexical and syntactic levels are considered in this article. It also touches upon such subjects as perceptual metaphors and synesthethic combinations with taste basis. A part of studied linguistic units in formation of images is defined. Keywords: perception, taste sense modality, synesthethic metaphor | 1950 | |||||
| 3005 | In the article, on basis of the archive sources, the author studies different parts of the Tomsk Engineering and Building Institute (TEBI)’s Komsomol Organization within 1985–87 Anti-alcohol Campaign. A typical personal feature of Komsomol breakers is established by him. Social control measures by Komsomol in its youth work, and the external conditions that helped or disturb this is analyzed also. He justifies a social and scientific topicality of this problem study in the modern Russian terms. Keywords: students, Komsomol, Prohibition, punishment | 1950 | |||||
| 3006 | Stepanov A.A. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 1 (10). P. 16-19 . | 1949 | |||||
| 3007 | Based on the comparative analysis of the U.S. innova¬tive practice in the field of training of the youth for employ¬ment the article reveals new educational initiatives: organi¬zational and pedagogical models of multilevel vocational and professional education, forms of transition from school to work etc. The author makes the conclusion on the existence of the adaptation potential of the international experience in question that can be borrowed under conditions of the Rus¬sian educational system modernization. Keywords: - | 1949 | |||||
| 3008 | Management is the most important function of orga¬nized systems. But in spite of lasting and global inter¬est for scientists and practical specialists in manage¬ment it stil! remains little researched phenomenon. Problems of understanding management come from extraordinary complexity of organized systems, ab¬sence common theory of management and well const¬ructed methodology of research. In this article some problems of understanding phenomenon of manage¬ment and methodological approaches to its research are considered. | 1949 | |||||
| 3009 | The article presents the concept of the load dosing at the special-preparatory stage of weightlifting sport and the influence of the load dosing on the competi¬tion results. The method of the moderate intensity loading during the period of preparation for the contest was proposed in accordance with some medical parameters and final competition results. The studies have shown that the training cycle of the moderate intensity is more adequate to the adaptation ability of the organism of weightlifting sportsmen and gives higher training effect in compari¬son with the training of the high intensity. | 1949 | |||||
| 3010 | The development of the methodical system for physical education in technical university requires the effective use of PC and local corporative network along with Internet. The goal of paper is to designate the possible directions for to integrate both pedagogical and computer technologies in its applications in physics | 1949 | |||||
| 3011 | The article investigates the activity of Tomsk university professor S.I. Gessen, one of organizers of pedagogical courses in the summers of 1918 and 1919, the initiator of opening of Pedagogical institute attached to TSU, the creator of foundations of pedagogics as applied philosophy. Keywords: professor S.I. Gessen, pedagogical courses, Tomsk teachers, the system of pedagogic formation, pedagogical Tomsk | 1949 | |||||
| 3012 | Person’s health is now moving to the forefront of the national idea, which is reflected in the Russian Federation National Security Concept and other documents. Health promotion and maintenance of the women, living in the conditions of the northern regions is assuming great importance. Keywords: recreational technology, physical development, 30–40 year old women, correction, up-to-date physical exercises, health, northern region, fitness | 1949 | |||||
| 3013 | The historical-geographical and system methods were used to identify and analyse the main stages of nature management in West Siberia. Periodization of the nature management process provides a means of studying quantitative and qualitative transformations of relations between a nature and the man in different areas of West Siberia. Keywords: history of nature management, natural resources, development, periodization | 1949 | |||||
| 3014 | The article reveals the concept «family way of life», the internal system of way of life of a family is presented. The review of the given concept interpretation is made by various authors. The author carries out a short excursus of specificity of family way of life in Russia from the 17th century to our time. Keywords: family way of life, life, components of family way of life. | 1949 | |||||
| 3015 | Translation is not only a speech act but also an act of cross-cultural communication. Translation is determined by the system and norm at least of two languages and two cultures. The conflict between the cultures in translation is overcome by making the strategy based on principles and rules, background knowledge, skills and habits. These knowledge and skills are taught in creative linguasociocultural environment which maximum is near by the natural foreign environment. Thus, the author’s main attention has been focussed on working out in greater detail the system of skills. Then it is shown how these skills are practically taught in Japanese linguasociocultural environment (on the example of tea ceremony and other national, historical, geographical, religious and cultural realities). Keywords: creative linguasociocultural environment, background knowledge, skills and habits, abilities, equivalence, adequacy, strategy, Japanese, tea ceremony, lingua franca | 1949 | |||||
| 3016 | The article is based on the archive material dated as back as 1920–1930s. The central point of attention is the mechanisms of the cultural change among Selkup people at the critical time for the Russian economy. It was found out that the fi shing traditions and customs of the Selkup population underwent material change because of the new social and economic relations that appeared at the time. As a result of the changes the Selkup economy integrated greatly in the economy of the Soviet society. | 1949 | |||||
| 3017 | The article deals with the historical conditions for the birth of the state system of standardization of the USSR. Highlights the standardization work carried out in the field of electrical engineering of the Soviet state. It is ranked as the introduction of common standards for power equipment in the development of the electricity sector. Keywords: power, standardization, regulation, electricity, standard | 1949 | |||||
| 3018 | The article presents eight-year expererience of Tomsk State Pedagogical University for organizing children’s activities in the communities. It demostrates substantive and organizational-methodical implementation features of sports and recreational components of the discussed social and pedagogical practices. The data of empirical research, reflecting the effects of sports and recreational summer camps for children in residential areas. The prospects for research in the context of scientific and pedagogical knowledge related to sports and recreation aspects of summer recreation for children in the community. Keywords: physical recreation activities , organization of summer camps for children, children’s playground | 1949 | |||||
| 3019 | The peculiarities of communicative universals are examined on the basis of the two most prominent poets’ poetic discourse of the early XX century – symbolist K. D. Balmont and ego-futurist I. Severyanin. The communicative universals include the law of aesthetically orientated notional “excessiveness” and the law of aesthetically provided “economy” of language means. The correlation between these laws and lexical regulative actions is established, the latter being significant for the reader’s cognitive activity organization on the level of the utterance, utterance unit and the whole text. This correlation reflects the close interrelation of system, functional and system-language qualities of the belles-lettres text such as regulative, structural and expressive properties. The article reveals the cross points and differences in verbal and artistic structuring by the well-known wizards of artistic word who have a lot of common not only in their lives but also in the poetic but also in the poetic work. Keywords: poetic discourse, theory of regulativity, communicative universals, symbolism, ego-futurism | 1949 | |||||
| 3020 | The article is devoted to the role of landlords and merchants of the Kursk province in the river Seim transformation to navigable condition. It is divided into two blocks, each of which focuses on the role of representatives of the nobility and the merchant class. The article is about the position of individual landowners to the project and financial help during construction work on the landlord`s land. The article gives a detailed analysis of a mixed assessment of the project landowners, the specific reasons for the negative attitude of the landowners. The article goes on to say that some of merchants who were contractors tried to skimp on construction works. Much attention is given to the first attempt to send barges with goods in 1836 by the merchant Belyaev. In the end of the article the author comes to the conclusion of the role of landlords and merchants in the project. Keywords: Seim, navigation, landlords, merchants, Kursk Province | 1949 | |||||
| 3021 | Introduction. The specificity of the somatic code of culture as one of the most ancient is described. The research interest in its verbal representation is substantiated. Aim and objectives. The purpose of the article is to reveal the discursive-genre specificity of realization of the code function of somatism in the Russian folk lyrical song. Material and methods. The analysis is based on the material of 317 texts of of the genre under study, selected from folklore collections. The research methods are determined by the specificity of folk discourse, the peculiarities of ditties and lyrical songs as folklore genres with a pronounced lyrical principle, and the genre specificity of lyrical songs. As a methodological substantiation of the research, a comparison of lyrical songs and ditties are given in the aspect of identifying features important for identifying the specifics of the implementation of the code function of somatism. Results and discussion. Quantitative analysis of somatisms in the lyrical song showed that their composition corresponds to the composition of similar units in the ditty, which is justified by the structure of the general cultural somatic code and the proximity of the compared genres. The list of high-frequency units in the lyrical song is wider, which indicates the genre specificity that distinguishes the lyrical song from the ditty in the aspect of the repertoire of broadcast emotions and feelings. The specificity of the principles of organization and content of the somatic code in the lyrical song in comparison with the ditty is illustrated by the analysis of the use of somatism hand. The assumption of a genre-conditioned orientation of the lyrical song for a more detailed than in a ditty, prescription of somatic reactions and sensations, feelings reflecting the installation to the direct description of emotions and feelings, is confirmed. Conclusion. The analysis showed that the content and principles of the somatic code organization in the lyrical song, firstly, are based on its appeal to the national values, symbolically represented in the nominations of human body parts, which is typical for the folklore discourse as a whole. Secondly, in the lyrical song, the examined code acquires genre specificity, which is most pronounced when it is compared with the ditty. As a result of their comparison, it was found that somatisms participate in the transmission of emotions and feelings, which are transmitted through the description of the somatic reactions and sensations of the characters, both in the ditty and in the lyric song. Unlike ditty, in lyrical song repertoire of emotions and feelings realized by means of somatism is wider. IMoreover, these emotions appear as more generalized - on the one hand, but described in more detail - on the other. Keywords: folk discourse, lyrical song, somatism, somatic code, genre and discourse specific | 1949 | |||||
| 3022 | Introduction. The article is devoted to the consideration of ways of implementing language variability, represented at the level of phraseological subsystems of the Russian and Chinese languages. The object of the scientific description is the sphere of linguistic semantics, which receives conceptual understanding in connection with its study in the aspect of intercultural and interlanguage communication. The presence of a semantic invariant in the content of Russian and Chinese phraseological units is determined by the existence of general tendencies of sense formation and the action of universal laws of development of any national language. Semantic variants arise due to the peculiarity of national linguistic cultures as a result of the combined action of a number of extralinguistic and linguistic factors. Aim and objectives. The aim of the study is to study the functional manifestations of the theory of variation at the phraseological level of the Russian and Chinese languages in the aspect of comparative linguocultural interpretation. Material and methods. 54 phraseological units operating in modern Russian and Chinese languages, selected because of a continuous selection from lexicographic sources, were used as units of analysis. The main one is the comparative linguoculturological research method. Results and discussion. The starting point of the study was the thesis that phraseological units have not only linguistic, speech, but also linguocultural and linguocognitive status. In the meaning of most Russian phraseological units there is a pronounced national-cultural component of meaning. Taking this factor into account, general (invariant) and private (variative, characteristic for a particular linguistic culture) semantic components in the semantics of phraseological units that make up correlation semantic pairs (equivalent, non-equivalent, incompletely equivalent) are identified. In equivalent paired phraseological units, the core of semantics is the semantic invariant, nonequivalent ones are dominated by variable semantic attributes, incompletely equivalent are transitional types. Conclusion. Comparative linguistic and cultural studies make a significant contribution to the study of various linguistic concepts, including the theory of language variability, semantic interpretation, translation, on the basis of which it is concluded that they are extremely relevant for the modern scientific paradigm. Keywords: phraseological unit, the Russian language, the Chinese language, comparative linguoculturological analysis, theory of variation, invariant of meaning, variant of meaning, semantic equivalent | 1949 | |||||
| 3023 | In this paper the author considers two approaches to understanding the game role in the study process. There are the games that could be the means of study activity activization as well as the means of teaching. Special atten¬tion is paid to the role of the game for preschool children during study process. The author aims to emphasize the importance and ne¬cessity of using mental games for preschool children in class which favour creative abilities of children. The names of mental games are listed in this paper. The author gives a detailed description of some games. The conditions of the game conducted are presented. Keywords: - | 1948 | |||||
| 3024 | The paper presents an analysis of the programme of networking, implemented by Kuzbass Regional Institute of Development of Vocational Education for providing schools with information resources, access to educational content, ICT facilities and training services at any workplace; presentation of multimedia training courses, creation of digital learning materials, etc. Keywords: model of networking of educational institutions | 1948 | |||||
| 3025 | The process of agriculture credit formation was reviewed in Tomsk Guberniya in pre-revolutionary period. The major forms and mechanisms of agriculture credit have been shown. The importance of credit for infrastructure development of Tomsk Guberniya agriculture has been revealed. Keywords: State bank, inspection of small loan, agricultural credit, credit cooperation, credit cooperation unions, agriculture infrastructure | 1948 | |||||
| 3026 | The article runs about creation and realization of structural-functional education model of Russian language for foreign students. The aspects of process of pedagogical modelling are settled and considered, the structural models were described: target, technological, final, substantial, reflective. Keywords: modeling, structural-functional model, methodical aspect, Russian as foreign | 1948 | |||||
| 3027 | Two antropological strategies (selfness and perichoresis) represented in the Christian culture are comparatively analyzed. It is claimed that these anthropological strategies are conceivable only in the personalistic paradigm, according to which a person a self-identical reality, a “center” capable of “anthropological openness” perceived as constitutive disconnection – forming person's constitution, person's identity structure as an anthropological topos, made with the sum of person's communicative acts. Keywords: person, human, Christian culture, anthropological strategies, synergy anthropology, anthropological opening | 1948 | |||||
| 3028 | The article discusses the historiography of the history of the development of cultural institutions of Russia as a whole and by selected region – Republic Buryatia. The time period 1985–2000-ies are characterized by changes in socio-economic and political spheres of life of Russian society. Similar changes underwent the socio-cultural activities of cultural and recreational institutions. Research in this area is relevant for scientists of different directions, as between 1985 and 2000-ies in the system of cultural and recreational institutions has changed the whole system of legislation, funding, personnel policy. Keywords: historiography, cultural and recreational institutions, regulatory legislation, the financing of culture, management of culture, personnel structure, material and technical base, “perestroika”. | 1948 | |||||
| 3029 | The article considers the issues connected with the peculiarities of the process of formation of General competences of students of secondary vocational education. One aspect of this problem is related to the crucial stage of the process – diagnosis of the level of their formation. It is emphasized that the strengthening of this process will allow creating complex measuring instruments. It is proposed to consider as one of the effective means for diagnosing learning objectives, which is today one of the main components of educational activities and, according to A. P. Tryapitsyna, the main integrative element in the programme structure. In this regard, the content of the system for designing learning tasks involving a number of methodological grounds, including the system-activity and competence approaches, as well as a number of theories, including the Theory of cognitive development activities by J. Piaget, the Theory of gradual formation of mental actions by P. Y. Galperin, theories of levels of learning and of learning tasks are presented. Approved the use of learning tasks in the system, in connection with which the functions of the tasks of teaching systems are allocated. Algorithm for the design of learning tasks and their systems, which is a combination of three stages: search and analytic, goal-setting, proper design. Keywords: diagnostics, methodological basis, general competencies, design, theoretical foundation, learning task | 1948 | |||||
| 3030 | Golubenko T.Y. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 5 (8). P. 17-21 . | 1947 | |||||
| 3031 | . | 1947 | |||||
| 3032 | Semenova T.Y. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 6 (9). P. 11-14 . | 1947 | |||||
| 3033 | Obukhova E.A. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 3 (12). P. 40-41 . | 1947 | |||||
| 3034 | The article is devoted to the first in the literature and publicism of the beginning of the XIX century Siberia research edition – «The Siberian bulletin» by G.I. Spassky. Special attention is paid to the principles of selection of the material, ways of its submission which as it is represented, are caused by specificity of recognition of Siberia in culture of the beginning of the century. East Russia is comprehended in «The Siberian bulletin «as exotic territory; receptions of its description go back to utopian performances about «the far grounds». Spassky’s magazine played a determining role during formation of the ambivalent image of Siberia – on the one hand, the parts of Russia adjoining with it territorially and «other» ground regularly studied, on the other hand, the remote, novel, occupied the people conducting essentially other lifestyle, than to what the intellectual of «the Education Age» got used to. | 1947 | |||||
| 3035 | Rubleva N.I. -. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2006. Issue 8 (59). P. 132-134 - | 1947 | |||||
| 3036 | The role of musical culture as an element of the public mode of life, gradual, step-by-step, non-linear dissemination of different levels of musical culture in the cities of West Siberia from the second half of the XIXth century up to the beginning of the XIXth century are analyzed in this article. The article also discloses dynamics and peculiarities of West Siberian citizens’ access to this kind of art. | 1947 | |||||
| 3037 | Development of psychological schools, directions, sciences in a number of regions of Russia is considered. The analysis of researches of the domestic authors who have devoted the works to studying of a phenomenon of school is made. As a result of the subsequent the content-analysis is allocated a number a determinant which define specificity of development of psychology | 1947 | |||||
| 3038 | Innovational direction in teaching foreign communication supposes denying the reproductive stage in development of ability and priority of productive speech what demands from the students individual programs, independent communicative steps; all this results in original, creative, free speech connected with personally important information. Keywords: technologies of teaching foreign communication, the productive and original non-prepared speech | 1947 | |||||
| 3039 | In the annual model experiment was made the monitoring of quantity and taxonomical structure of the bacterial and fungal complexes in the monoliths of the bog peatland under temperature of20-24 oC and 4-6 oC, using the fluorescent- microscopic and plate methods. It was established, that low temperatures didn't exert serious influence on the morphological, taxonomical structure and abundance levels of the fungal complexes. The temperatures stimulated the development of Basidiomycetes and dark-coloured mycelium. Among the bacterial hydrolytic complex, Bacillus were the most adapted to the low-temperature conditions. In the bog peatland, fungi were shaped as mycelium, and spore-forming bacteria were shaped as vegetative cells, that's why they occurred to be in an active state. Also the fungi and spore-forming bacteria were adapted to low-temperature conditions and that helped them to decompose vegetative polymers. Keywords: bog peatland, model experiment, low temperature, monitoring, bacteria, fungi, abundance, taxonomical structure | 1947 | |||||
| 3040 | The article considers the urgency, value, purposes, problems, directions, forms and methods of patriotic education of Russian schoolboys. It proves the pedagogical program of patriotic education of modern schoolboys. The contents and results of realization of the program of patriotic education are presented. Keywords: education, patriotism, patriotic education of schoolboys | 1947 | |||||
| 3041 | The problems of studying of various phenomena of a human being in the conditions of sudden change of environment are studied in the article. The results of empirical research on special features of personal sensual orientations are represented. The necessity of studying values of a person in closed environment is determined. Keywords: sensual orientation, psychological environment, closed environment, person’s outlook | 1947 | |||||
| 3042 | In article on the basis of the questioning of the heads of educational establishments the problem of definition of requirements to graduates of pedagogical high schools on a specialty «pedagogics and psychology» is considered. It is determined, that requirements to professional competence of graduates have practical-guided character with obligatory knowledge of rule-legal bases of activity of the teacher and necessary theoretical knowledge on pedagogics and psychology. While passing to two-level system of preparation of experts it is necessary to generate a precise structure of requirements within the framework of professional competence graduates. Keywords: requirements to quality of preparation of teachers-psychologists, professional competence of the teacher-psychologist, two-level system of preparation | 1947 | |||||
| 3043 | In the article the topical problem of formation of gender culture at pupils of children’s home is considered. The collective of authors studying a gender problematic is presented, and also the concept of gender culture its psychological and pedagogical components are determined. On each component techniques, criteria and levels are certain, the analysis of the done work is presented. Keywords: gender, gender culture, education, formation of bases of gender culture, components, social determination, pupils of children’s home | 1947 | |||||
| 3044 | The question of religious identity of Tomsk region, the concept of “religion”, “churched”, define the criteria of religious identity. Analyzed the level of representation and the prevalence of religion, and the degree of involvement of the population of Tomsk region in religion and observance of religious traditions. Keywords: religious identity, representation denominations, the prevalence of belief, observance of religious traditions, tolerance, rooted religious traditions and celebrations | 1947 | |||||
| 3045 | The article raises questions of content and methodological foundations of economic analysis; it considers different points of view of scientists on this issue. An own view of information support the transition to innovative development of Russia with the help of system analysis in business economy and the external environment, which includes elements of economic research analysis. Keywords: economic analysis, financial analysis, management analysis, differentiation, integration | 1947 | |||||
| 3046 | The structural components of different interaction models of additional, general and higher education is considered. The author focuses on indicators which evaluate changes in the quality of education for each type of interaction models of informal and formal education. Keywords: interaction model, education, intellectual property, formal education, informal education, quality of education | 1947 | |||||
| 3047 | This article deals with the automation of activities of Tomsk State Pedagogical University (TSPU). A review of the information systems developed and implemented in different departments at TSPU is conducted, including describing the information systems implemented in the research and development department, the editorial offices of scientific journals, the office of admissions, the document control center, and the department of student affairs. Basic information flows between the automated systems are described, and interfaces of their interactions are analyzed. The introduction of innovations in the University management system on the basis of modern information technologies is one of the most promising approaches, which will allow us to create advantages in today’s highly competitive educational environment. On the basis of the analysis performed, the main directions of activities for technical services and laboratories on the perfection and complex completion of the University’s information systems are revealed with the purpose of their further integration. Actual problems in the field of applying information technologies in the information systems of the University and ways to solve them are considered, as well as the directions for future work of the Institute of Applied Informatics are outlined. Keywords: automation control systems, document automation, data exchange interfaces, information system | 1947 | |||||
| 3048 | The article presents the analysis of the major factors and conditions providing the neoindustrial growth of economy in Russia. The authors conclude that the main factor influencing neoindustrialization is the inclusion of Russia in the global trends described on the basis of the concept “technoscience”. The condition for neoindustrialization serves the expansion of borders of network community the elements of which are already available in Russia and in its regions and within which economical and strictly scientific activity will be able to come to full agreement. Keywords: neoindustrialization, technoscience, society of knowledge, global trends, social and cultural modernization | 1947 | |||||
| 3049 | The literary work of Z. Prilepin is not studied enough for objective reasons (the first novel “Pathology” was publicized in 2004). Prilepin’s prose attracted scholarly interest as an outstanding phenomenon of the modern Russian literature. The motif of childhood, that largely determines the stylistic manner of the writer, creates a kind of metatext of his artistic space. The application of structural-semiotic method to “decode” the cultural content of the motif of childhood in Prilepin’s novel “Sankya” allows to interpret the discourse of the writer, not only as the experience of becoming the “new realism” (in part, through intertextual dialogue with the Russian classics), but also as a creative search in the paradoxical metaphysics of postmodernism. As a discursive element the motif of childhood becomes the way of actualization of the complex permanent immaturity of human in crisis era. Keywords: poetics, motif, discourse, theme, method, childhood, child, symbol, code, psychologism, postmodern | 1947 | |||||
| 3050 | The article deals with the problem of shaping professional and specialized competence of penal officers. The aim of the research is to prove that in the light of the reform of the penal system and the transition to the new federal state educational standards of higher education it is necessary to consider the specifics of the penitentiary system employees’ activities in the formation of professional and specialized competences of students. The author analyzes the Federal State Standard on Higher Professional Education of the third generation and the curricula of Perm Institute of the Federal Penal Service in search of means of shaping these professional and specialized competences. The article suggests the ways of formation of professional and specialized competences. The author analyses characteristics of the personality of penal officers, their professional activity. The author develops the model of training of the bachelors of the dog handling profile of preparation of the cadets of Perm Institute of the Federal Penal Service. Keywords: competence approach, professional and specialized competence, penal officers, kinology, penal system | 1947 | |||||