| # | Article | Downloads | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4201 | The article presents the analysis of economic reforms and the development of market relations in the Far East and Zabaykalye during the second half of the 90-s of the XX century. The general trends of the social and economic development of these regions are determined. | 1794 | |||||
| 4202 | Combined, affect of microwaves and roenbgen rays induces damage effect to skin and spinal cord structures. | 1794 | |||||
| 4203 | Introduction of market relations in Russia, innovative development of production of goods and increase of its competitiveness in the world markets totally change approaches to education of all levels and specialties. Special attention is given to innovative business training organized for students whose curriculum contains this training as the specific form of professional activity. The curriculum should contain disciplines of student specialization in the specific areas of industry, and also bring up in his (her) business activity and economic efficiency. Training of a student should be conducted basing on the specific innovative project in which competitive advantages of the person give synergy impact on competitive advantages of a team | 1794 | |||||
| 4204 | This article is devoted to the efficient realization of the set: “Art therapy in teaching” in the program “Teacher’s health in Krasnoyarsk region”. There is a description of the used methods and results, which were reached during the research. Keywords: health, public health, health program, art-therapy, art-therapy classes | 1794 | |||||
| 4205 | The results of research of structural and substantial characteristics of the image of the professional future are presented in the article. There are defined specific features for each stage of higher school education (1 course, the 3rd course, the 6th course) dominating notion categories in the image of the professional future. It shows the transformation of the content of the image of the professional future of students in the higher school training. It disclosed the content of the activity and emotional components of the image of the professional future of students, taking into account the stages of professional development. It defines significant professional quality, resources and potentials in personal and professional development of students, specific to the respondents for each course. Keywords: image of the professional future, emotional and activity components of the image of the professional future, meaning forming motives, professional qualities, medicine students | 1794 | |||||
| 4206 | Excursus into the history of the development of the concepts of “information” and “knowledge”, a comparative analysis of the key features and the phenomena themselves in the aspect of their influence on the model of education in the modern world can be useful both for students and for educators. Analyzing the contemporary philosophical and pedagogical literature the author raises an important for the future of the national education system question of correlation of the concepts of “information” and “knowledge”. Highlighting the main similarities and differences between “information” and “knowledge” the author talks about the consequences of the substitution of one concept to another one when we are talking about aims and values of education in the XXI century and discussing the features of the competency approach in the Information society or Society of knowledge. Keywords: education, information, knowledge, information society, society of knowledge, competence approach | 1794 | |||||
| 4207 | One of the principal differences between the Federal state educational standard (FSES) of the second generation is its focus not only on achieving the subject learning outcomes. Requirements to results of development of the basic General educational programs include all groups of results: specific, interdisciplinary, personal. One of the tools to achieve these results are universal educational actions, the mastery of which, according to the Federal state educational standard is the most important task of education. The article considers the problem of formation of universal educational actions in the framework of a unified educational area “Mathematics and Informatics”. It is proposed to consider two types of universal educational actions: overlapping and complementary to each other. Keywords: Federal state educational standard, universal educational actions, mathematics, computer science | 1794 | |||||
| 4208 | The article is devoted to the research of the problem of studying of spiritual imperatives of art and publicistic works of F. M. Dostoyevsky at the lessons of literature considering priority tasks of national educational policy in the field of spiritual and moral education and education, setting for creation of students’ motivation for conscious moral behavior through acquaintance with classical works of the Russian literature of the 19th century. The study of the spiritual imperatives of creative work of Dostoyevsky can become the base of spiritual and moral education, forming of valuable structure of the personality in the situation of the accrescent challenges, loss of capability of cultural and world outlook self-identification. Acquaintance of students with the work of the writer shall begin in the advanced teenage age when the request for a conversation on values and meanings is personally staticized. The optimum form of the organization of the effective work on studying of spiritual imperatives of the art and publicistic works of Dostoyevsky is a dialogue, a discussion, the search by the teacher and the student of joint decisions, the aspiration for self-determination and self-analysis. In the work with personal value orientation of the teacher on creation of the serious substantial base of studying of the writer’s works the following aspects are important: knowledge of biographical context of Dostoyevsky’s life, idea of formation stages of valuable and world outlook features of the person, studying of conceptual contents of the writer’s works, knowledge of specifics of the Russian literature formation. Keywords: F. M. Dostoyevsky, spiritual imperatives, spiritual and moral education, author, reader, Russian culture, Orthodoxy, work of art, axiology, morality, novels of the Pentateuch, “A Writer`s Dairy”, value-oriented training, motivation, dialogue | 1794 | |||||
| 4209 | Sizov V.V. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 1 (10). P. 31-34 . | 1793 | |||||
| 4210 | Vidyakina V.V. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 4 (13). P. 80-81 . | 1793 | |||||
| 4211 | Searching arrangement that afford to solve on the regional problems are doomed. Another approach is necessary - rising competitiveness every region as a single condition of the creation the high level of profit and quality of the life for its settlement. | 1793 | |||||
| 4212 | The article investigates the contents and mechanism of rational combination of public and collective interests in the sphere of science-innovation activity. | 1793 | |||||
| 4213 | The paper presents four formalization levels for logical structure of mathematical material of secondary school. Didactic conditions of transition to each level are considered. The author proceeds from the criteria of methodical expediency and disengagement. The work is aimed at arrangement of conditions for more deliberate and in-depth study of the subject content. Besides, general logical skills of students are formed by means of educational area «Mathematics», and, thus, general- cultural potential of this educational area is realized more completely and effectively. | 1793 | |||||
| 4214 | The article is dedicated to textual study aspect of church reform of Patriarchy Nikon (1654–1666). It considerers the changes, contributed by the reformers into the text of one of the main orthodox church books Prayer-Book, peculiarities of Nikon’s edition in comparison with more early editions of the XVIIth century. | 1793 | |||||
| 4215 | This article discusses the features of the discourse generated by the students of the 5th year, studying “Theory and methods of teaching foreign languages and cultures”, generated in the implementation of the two types of speech acti vity: consecutive interpreting of a technical text, and introducing new grammar material in an English class. The research shows the existence of a connection between the discourse of one and the same respondent in both communicative situations, expressed in his/her use of a communication strategy – presentation, manipulation and convention, which is explained by the level of development of the secondary language identity of the respondent – a student of linguistics. Keywords: communication strategy, communicative situation, discourse, consecutive interpreting, secondary language identity, personal thesaurus | 1793 | |||||
| 4216 | The articles considers the essential characteristics of emotional concept as a didactic unit of the content of teaching a foreign language emotive communication. The article reveals the didactic potential of cognitive forms of representation of emotional concept in the formation and development of emotive competence at the lessons of foreign language. Keywords: emotional concept, emotional communication, emotional competence, emotional foreign world picture | 1793 | |||||
| 4217 | The article considers the influence of many associated factors which are of scientific and practical interest and represented in the form of the concept of the multilevel assessment of the potential of interaction between labour market and the market for vocational education services in the reproduction process of a primary labor resource (a young specialist). The analysis, systematization and constant monitoring of the results of the methodological approach to the potential assessment of interaction between labour market and education market allow the government to get the right information at the macro- and meso-levels for adjustment and planning of criteria of the reproduction process of young specialists as a specific category of the workforce. It is substantiated that this approach allows the state and its subjects to obtain the necessary information at the macro- and meso-levels to adjust and plan the parameters of the reproduction process of young specialists as a specific category of the labor force and serves as an instrument for managing the interaction of the subjects of the regional markets for vocational education and labor services. Thus, it is shown that effective training of young specialists is implemented to a greater extent in the regions with a favorable demographic structure of the employed population, whose potential is used more rationally in terms of minimizing the costs of unemployment, on the one hand, and the use of incentives for productive labor, aimed at advancing growth of labour productivity over the wage growth with further improvement in the implementation of its reproductive and stimulating functions, on the other hand. In conclusion, the article points out that effective training of labor resources is relevant not only for industry but also for the region in particular, as the economic space of the Russian Federation as a whole is characterized by considerable differentiation in the socio-economic development of the regions. Keywords: methodological approach, potential assessment, professional education, full employment, market services, reproduction, young professionals, primary labor resource, effective training, continuing education | 1793 | |||||
| 4218 | The article deals with the problem of increasing motivation for learning the basic disciplines among the students of technical universities. It demonstrates the characteristic of the consolidated activities of the faculty in training the students to work on the formation of their competitiveness. The article provides the pedagogical technology of training of competitive specialists in a technical university. It presents the results of the survey of students to ascertain their perceptions about the competitiveness of a graduate. The authors emphasize the necessity of cardinal changes in an education system and in accordance with the requirements of the labour market for competitive specialists. The authors propose to consider the competitiveness on four levels – personal, qualification, competence, practical, which allow the student to trace the formation of his qualities as a future job applicant. It is proved that the formation of competitiveness of technical college graduates is realized by establishing correspondence between the educational and professional standards. An example of working with the individual plan of formation of competitiveness is shown. Substantial growth of the motivation for learning the basic disciplines is confirmed by the results of the input and the final control of knowledge on the example of chemistry, as well as survey data of graduates. Keywords: motivation to learn, basic disciplines, competitiveness, levels of competitiveness, individual plan of formation of competitiveness | 1793 | |||||
| 4219 | The article deals with the actual and very important question of educator`s professional competence which determines the level of his information culture. Theoretical bases of the problem of educators` information culture formation in any kind of an educational organization are deeply studied and taken into consideration. The characteristics of the concepts of information culture, organizational and methodological support, a model of organizational and methodological support of educators` information culture formation are given. Many examples of studying educators` professional difficulties working with information and communication technologies are presented. A methodology for estimating the level of the use of information and computer technologies is proposed. A model of organizational and methodological support of educators` information culture formation is developed. The composition and the content of organizational and methodological support as a management technology are determined: diagnosticanalytical block; value-semantic block; methodical block: information-methodical module, organizational-methodical module and practical or empirical experienced module; prognostic block. Examples of the implementation of the above mentioned blocks and modules of the developed model are given. Various methodical activities, measures and steps for educators` information culture formation within the presented model are described. The principles, forms and methods of forming the information culture of an educa tor are defined. Keywords: information and communication technologies, educator`s professional competence, information culture, organizational and methodological support | 1793 | |||||
| 4220 | Introduction. Language units reflecting cultural, historical, literary representations of the linguocultural community, which have sufficient reproducibility and stability of the component composition, are treated as precedent phenomena. The given article is devoted to the research of the Russian-speaking linguoculture precedent phenomena in foreign language and cultural environment on the example of Chinese network diaspora discourse. The aim of the work is to investigate precedent phenomena in the collective consciousness of users of the Internet community “Baiki Laovaya”. Material and methods. The research was based on the correspondence of the participants (more than 57000 subscribers) of the open group “Laowai Bikes” of the social network Vkontakte. We analyzed 110 messages (posts) and 11350 comments to them that were published in the period from 1 to 27 September 2021. The material was selected by random sampling from the text continuum, then precedent phenomena were classified according to the type, their semantics and relevance were analyzed. The quantitative method and the method of contextual analysis were also used. Results and discussion. The sources of precedent phenomena in the speech of the diaspora community are diverse and are subdivided into the following large groups: 1) classical Russian and Soviet, as well as foreign literature; 2) winged expressions, sayings of famous people, precedent names; 3) speech clichés, paremics, Internet memes, and anecdotes; 4) advertising, cinema and television. Numerous examples of the use of precedent phenomena from each of the groups demonstrate not only the impressive variety of sources, but also the high communicative and linguocreative potential of precedence in the discourse under study. Conclusion. The active use of precedent phenomena in communication and the absence of facts of misunderstanding, failure of communication, the development of the semantic potential of precedent phenomena in network polylogues indicate the formed special cultural space of diaspora discourse, the participants of which have a common linguocultural code. The specificity of this code is determined by: 1) being in a single foreign-language and foreign-cultural continuum and its interpretation as one of the frequent occasions to use precedents (Chinese holidays, traditions, climate, political situation, domestic conditions, etc.); 2) relatively high level of education and broad outlook of diaspora community members, demonstrating knowledge in the field of domestic and world literature, art, history, mass culture, etc. 3) appeal mainly to the traditional, established during the Soviet era cultural matrix as a common cognitive and imaginative base, able to unite representatives of different generations, including – the young, of the Russian-speaking world from different countries of the former Soviet Union. Keywords: diasporal discourse, Internet communication, Russian-speaking linguoculture, precedent phenomena | 1793 | |||||
| 4221 | Rezun M.A. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1997. Issue 1 (1). P. 59-63 . | 1792 | |||||
| 4222 | Zotkin A.O. .. Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 1 (4). P. 49-45 . | 1792 | |||||
| 4223 | . | 1792 | |||||
| 4224 | Means of regulativeness in Z. Gippius texts in connection with their genre specific are shown. Contrast is considered as the basic means of the organization of Z. Gippius’s poetic texts and as the peculiarity of her authoric style. | 1792 | |||||
| 4225 | At pedagogical universities prepare for the future teachers, and the rate of theoretical physics stated to him should possess the certain originality which imposes the special responsibility on teachers. In the paper are considered prominent features of a technique of training of theoretical physics at pedagogical university. The material of clause can be used at studying theoretical physics in pedagogical high schools | 1792 | |||||
| 4226 | The present paper is dedicated to the problem of psychological and educational preparation of Teacher Training Higher Schools students based on the analysis of various approaches to studying disadaptation of children and teen-agers. Disadaptation is understood as the whole complex of signs, giving evidence concerning the discrepancy between the mutual activities of man and the surrounding world. While dividing disadaptation into several types, it is taken into account that this phenomenon may appear in different degrees of intensivity, in different variants and can be caused by various things. The training of students depends on the purposeful choice of knowledge and skills, as well as the use of necessary information with the aim of correction of the personality of disadapted children and teen-agers. | 1792 | |||||
| 4227 | The article gives a description of the pedagogical model of future fire protection officers’ preparation for leadership. The model peculiarity is that the authors base on personality-oriented approach. In the model structure the following components are singled out: purposeful, pithy, procedural, assessment-resulting. The given model allows to solve successfully the tasks of purposeful interaction between a teacher and cadets in a military higher educational establishment. | 1792 | |||||
| 4228 | The article is devoted to the estimation of USSR’ economics by the American press in the final period of the World War II. The reasons of American mass media increased interest in Soviet economics are under consideration, estimations of losses level and rates of industry reconstruction proposed by the columnists of different ideological and political directions are revealed. Besides, the positions of several issues about prospects of American-Soviet two-way relationships are considered. | 1792 | |||||
| 4229 | The innovatory model of the foreign language education is presented in the article. The model forms the creative personality purposely The innovatory technology in the foreign language education is being developed in the framework of the Powerful thinking general theory based upon G. S.Altshuller’s research, the author of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). TRIZ is a science of problem-solving based on objective regularity of system development | 1792 | |||||
| 4230 | The article presents analysis of motives of divorces among 145 women and 132 men, perception of divorces by children and frequency of personality disturbances. Divorce of parents results in disharmonious development of children and disturbance of behavior. Early recognition of the causes of disturbed family relationships allows productive conducting the psychocorrection of problem behavior in children and adolescents. Keywords: divorce, problem family relations, child-parent relations, psychology of development, behavioral disorders, correction of problem behavior | 1792 | |||||
| 4231 | Some problems of vocational education are considered in this article. Aspecial place is removed for analyze of contradictions, influencing on quality of practical education and common training of working personnels. Also some ways of systematization of vocational education in Krasnoyarsk regional are discussed there. Keywords: regional aspect, labour preparation, formation of professional abilities, Initial vocational training, working personnels. | 1792 | |||||
| 4232 | The article is devoted to one of the most important fields of Russian linguistics – variantology. The author describes the lexical units identification rules as the variants of the word using the basic states given by the founders of the word identity and difference theory. The author is developing the idea of existence of the formal semantic type of word variation. Keywords: the variation of words, the type of variants of words | 1792 | |||||
| 4233 | In this article the author talks about the influence changing of dominate technological structure on replacement main branches in the world economy. Just in start up of formation a new technological structure it’s important to predict the most income niches on the market of goods and services for investment a capital. The leading position in the total can bring the country to the one of first positions in technological and economical ways. Keywords: technological structure, life circle, investments, rating, risk, strategy, development | 1792 | |||||
| 4234 | This paper deals with innovative approaches to practical phonetics teaching. Articulatory phonetics: different structures of the vocal tract, called the articulators (tongue, lips, jaw, palate, teeth etc.) have been studied. Auditory phonetics: methods of sound production and reception – the ear to the brain and those processes have been analyzed. Acoustic phonetics: acoustic aspects of speech sounds like the mean squared amplitude of a waveform, its duration, its fundamental frequency, and other properties of its frequency spectrum, have been investigated. Neuro-linguistic programming has been described as one of the innovative approaches in the study of phonetics. Keywords: фонематический материал, имитация, постановка голоса, коммуникативный подход, ошибка. | 1792 | |||||
| 4235 | In QCD a non-perturbative effect is essential in low energy phenomena. A usual perturbative procedure loses its validity. A four-fermion interaction model is used to evaluate the low energy phenomena for quarks and gluons. Since the four-fermion interaction is nonrenormalizable, the results depend on the regularization parameter in four spacetime dimensions. Here we show the possibility to eliminate the regularization parameter dependence for some of physical observables. Keywords: four-fermion interaction, dimensional regularization | 1792 | |||||
| 4236 | We consider massive and massless p-forms in arbitrary D-dimensional curved space-time. Quantization of these models and evaluation of effective actions have been performed. Results are presented in terms of d'Alembertians acting on p-forms. The massive theories of p-forms do not possess gauge invariance, in contrary of massless theories. The gauge invariance is restored with help of multi-step Stuckelberg procedure. Comparising effective actions of classically equivalent theories (massless quantum theory of p-forms and theory of (D-p-2)-forms, massive quantum theory of p-forms and theory of (Dp-1)-forms), we demonstrate a quantum equivalence of corresponding models. A zeta-function excluding zero modes has been used. Keywords: quantum elds in curved space-time, p-forms, gauge eld theories, effective action, quantum equivalence | 1792 | |||||
| 4237 | The article is devoted to the actual problem of modern ethno-cultural education. It gives an attempt to reveal the specifics of ethnic culture: the presence of cultural and historical traditions of the ethnic group: features of religion, values of family life and daily life through rituals and traditions, aesthetic values of language, manifested in folklore. The features of the inclusion of ethnic culture in educational institutions of ethnic society and to its implementation are shown. This paper is the result of the analysis of ethnological and educational literature. Results of the study contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of ethnic culture in the life of the surrounding society and the formation of ethnic self-consciousness. Keywords: ethnic culture, ethno-cultural component, society | 1792 | |||||
| 4238 | The article examines the history of the study of the problem of elevation of the political center in the centralization of Russia and France in the XIV–XVI centuries. And they are characterized by historian views on the causes of the formation of capitals in the formation of a unified state of Russia and France. There are general and specific features of research on this subject in the Russian and French historiography. So, the most treated causes of assertion of political centers of both Russia and France, are political and social. Specific reasons may be the same – the ideological factor (the study of the rise of Moscow) and cultural (in characterizing approval of Paris as the capital of France). Keywords: Russian and French historiography, unification processes, the political center of the capital | 1792 | |||||
| 4239 | The subject of this article is the possibilities of visual anthropology, the study of religious worship. Prospects of visual anthropology in this area are linked to the role of the visual element in the cult: its determining influence on education meanings, leading role in the dissemination of religious values in the culture. Analyses available achievements in studying the visual component of the cult in relation to Orthodox worship, and prospects of formation of new methodological approaches to the study of the cult. The conclusion is that due to the strategic role of the visual component, the search for new methods for the study of the cult can be done in a visual field. Keywords: visual anthropology, religious experience, a religious cult, the Orthodox Liturgy, spatial icon, reverse perspective | 1792 | |||||
| 4240 | The dynamics of the participation of children’s rest and rehabilitation organizations of the Tomsk region in the annual regional review-competition in order to assess the quality of their work is examined and analyzed. Currently evaluating the activities of children’s health camps is carried out by the expert Commission established in the area of interagency working group. The competition is characterized by the establishment of certain criteria for evaluation of activities of children’s health camps: it and security recreation and health of children, as well as the pedagogical content of children’s activities. The contest consists of several stages to demonstrate the best practices as well. Every year the competition reveals new leaders among organizations for summer recreation and health of children, but camps can become the best of them. Based on the analysis and synthesis of the experience of review-competition organization the authors identify the problems and aligning trends in the development of the competition itself and their impact on the development of the organization sphere of the children’s rest and health promotion on the territory of the Tomsk region. Keywords: the organization of the children’s rest and health promotion, the review-competition of the children health organizations, the activities of the CHO (children health organizations) | 1792 | |||||
| 4241 | . | 1791 | |||||
| 4242 | The main tendencies of forming the professor corps of the Tomsk State University in 1917-1945 are considered in the given paper. They are proletarianization of the teaching staff, ide¬ological conciliation with the Soviet power, awarding ranks and academic degrees without defending theses; promotion, planning in training scientific staff. The work was performed due to financial support of RGNF (project Na 00-03-00239). | 1791 | |||||
| 4243 | In the article labour relations are viewed as content of the basic category of the theory of world economy which determines the logic of constructing of a whole system of geoplanetary economic relations. | 1791 | |||||
| 4244 | The article shows that cognitive sociology of science be¬ing a historical successor of sociology of knowledge that has based the determinism models of relations between mind processes and social forms has refused from naturalism and sociomorfism, subject-object model of knowledge and ob-jectivistic concept of knowledge. Having stated the principle of constructionism of reality in quality of epistemology ba¬sis, it is aimed at revealing of the connection of knowledge subject activity with natural processes, at «humaneness» of the object of research that is understood as the attitude constituting in consciousness. Keywords: - | 1791 | |||||
| 4245 | The article is focused on significance of E.G. Yudin’s methodological researches for technical aesthetics development in our country. It is a context of dramatic life history of this outstanding philosopher Keywords: recollections about E.G Yudin, methodology of activity, All-union scientific-research institute of technical aesthetics, methodological research of design, methodological research of ergonomics | 1791 | |||||
| 4246 | We consider and analyze the effectiveness of psychological correction work with the family of a disabled child with cerebral palsy. Keywords: psychological and pedagogical support, disabled child, family, parent, empathy, cooperation, correction, efficiency. | 1791 | |||||
| 4247 | The article explains the content and the basic directions of networking of rural educational institutions. Keywords: concept, networking, rural school | 1791 | |||||
| 4248 | We review the background eld method for three-dimensional Yang-Mills and Chern-Simons models in N = 2 superspace. The background eld method and heat kernel techniques are applied for evaluating the low-energy effective actions in N = 2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills and Chern-Simons models as well as in N = 4 and N = 8 SYM theories. Keywords: superspace, effective action, super Yang-Mills, super Chern-Simons models | 1791 | |||||
| 4249 | The substantiation of methodological approach with the determination of the content, formation, structure and mechanisms of the fundamental training of geography teachers is a compulsory condition of the realization of the federal state standard of the basic general education. Meta-subject generalization appear to be the principle of the integration of the content of feducation, formation of theoretical thinking and universal methods of activity. Keywords: fundamental knowledge, student-geographers, meta-subject generalization | 1791 | |||||
| 4250 | The article concerns the legal status of refugee children in the interwar period in the limitrophe states. It reflects material and legal status and is based on the data kept in the so called Prague Archive (the Russian Foreign Historical Archive), which is the part of the State Archive of the Russian Federation (SARF). The article includes the analytical data concerning the quantity of refugee children. The article considers not only social and legal status, but also moral condition of refugee children in the limitrophe states and includes common and particular cases of this. The research concerns also living conditions of adults and children in emigration, their complicated material and moral conditions, difficulties which children had to face (either the necessity to work at an early age and, as a result, the inability to attend school, or the employment of parents at work and the inability to educate a child, which ultimately led to disobedience and permissiveness), identifies the factors, which affected this and means of providing assistance to refugee children. The author pays attention to the difficulties, which children faced in emigration: hunger, need, mental and physical violence and denationalization. The author also points out the means of struggle against such a regime and means of providing support from the government and emigration organizations (material support, organization of various children “settlements”, summer children camps and refuges) and problems, which they faced while organizing all this work. The author also gives the comparative analyses of refugee children’s position in recipient countries and points out that children conditions were different according to the policy of the government towards Russian emigrants and economical situation inside every country. Moreover the direct dependence of legal and material status on economical situation inside the country is also pointed out in the research. Keywords: Russian emigration, denationalization, charity, the Civil War, Russian speaking population, repatriation, national identity | 1791 | |||||